适用于动态软件体系结构的扩展的Z描述语言

动态软件体系结构语言已成为描述复杂软件体系结构的重要工具,然而许多描述语言都是静态的,并不能对动态软件体系进行描述。为此,对经典Z描述语言进行扩展,主要通过对构件、连接件和它们的添加以及删除来达到动态演化的目的。实例分析表明了这种扩展的可行性。     

An architectural application framework for evolving distributed systems

In this paper, we present an object-oriented application framework to support the development of evolving distributed systems. The framework combines concepts of the object-oriented paradigm with those of architectural design. The result is a framework which supports extensible and reusable configurations of distributed components. The framework addresses the problem of evolution by allowing the addition, replacement and extension of components of a configuration. Evolution is also possible at run time, where a configuration can change dynamically depending on a particular event. The paper outlines the fundamental aspects of our framework and presents a case study, which illustrates its application.     

A framework for a distributed CAD system

The DIJA project is a web-based CAD system accessible to any user (from neophyte to expert) and from a simple desktop computer. Its modeling approach is based on a top-down methodology and takes into account trade information. In this paper, we propose a network architecture based on a replication process and a multi-level language to manage the consistency between the client model and the server model. The whole CAD system is based on a modular architecture communicating with messages exchanges and provides a general architecture for all trade CAD applications.     

基于进程代数的安全软件体系结构建模

分析了基于进程代数的软件体系结构模型的安全性,将相容性检查和互操作性检查从单个软件体系结构推广到不同风格的体系结构风格,扩展基于进程代数的软件体系结构描述语言,通过顺序进程代数项族和预定义的体系结构类型调用对软件体系结构安全建模。通过一个例子介绍了这种建模方法。     

组件化分布式应用平台的研究与设计

本文根据软件开发行业的发展现状和问题,通过对相关解决技术如组件技术、分布对象技术和软件体系结构技术的研究与分析,提出了一个基于组件的分布式应用运行平台及其开发环境,目标在于降低应用开发复杂度,提高软件生产率,支持动态的、灵活可扩展的软件系统结构模型。     

一种支持设计时软件重用的反射式软件体系结构及其形式化研究

软件体系结构在软件重用中有着特殊的意义。缺乏显式的描述并使用支持体系结构重用过程的信息和缺乏有效的重用方法是软件体系结构难以重用最根本的原因。在软件设计阶段,将元信息、元建模、反射和软件体系结构结合起来,构造了一种支持软件体系结构重用的反射式软件体系结构。给出了基于反射式软件体系结构的软件体系结构重用过程。给出了反射式软件体系结构的具体化过程的基本原理和具体化操作的Object-Z形式化描述,即创建元组件、创建元连接器、创建元组合件操作的形式化描述。给出了基于反射式软件体系结构的软件体系结构重用的支撑工具的设计过程。     

An effective architecture for Decision Support Systems

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are, by nature, general- purpose systems, because they must support a variety of managers who have different decision styles and different problems. However, it seems that no effective general-purpose DSS have yet come into existence, although the components of DSS such as data base technology, modeling techniques, inexpensive graphic display etc., have progressed to the point where we should now be able to build effective DSS.This shortcoming seems to result from the following fact: Research on decision support has focused on data enlargement and model refinement, however, little attention has been paid to DSS architecture which integrates these components of DSS. It has not been well appreciated that DSS architecture itself facilitates learning about unstructured-problem solving and enables system evolution.In this paper, we propose a DSS architecture based on the study of unstructured-problem solving and considerations of the needs of managers as non-computer specialists. We illustrate this with a system realized using this architecture.     

FASA: A software architecture and runtime framework for flexible distributed automation systems

Modern automation systems have to cope with large amounts of sensor data to be processed, stricter security requirements, heterogeneous hardware, and an increasing need for flexibility. The challenges for tomorrow’s automation systems need software architectures of today’s real-time controllers to evolve.This article presents FASA, a modern software architecture for next-generation automation systems. FASA provides concepts for scalable, flexible, and platform-independent real-time execution frameworks, which also provide advanced features such as software-based fault tolerance and high degrees of isolation and security. We show that FASA caters for robust execution of time-critical applications even in parallel execution environments such as multi-core processors.We present a reference implementation of FASA that controls a magnetic levitation device. This device is sensitive to any disturbance in its real-time control and thus, provides a suitable validation scenario. Our results show that FASA can sustain its advanced features even in high-speed control scenarios at 1 kHz.     

软件分布式开发中协同工作支持框架的设计与实现

为了有效地支持软件分布式开发,提高软件协同开发环境的易用性和有效性,从协同理论和应用工具两方面入手,在集成了多种协同应用软件的同时,融入了对参与者的形式描述,提高了开发环境的智能性和可定制性,进而提高了协同开发的质量和效率。     

A software architecture for distributed computer control systems

Distributed computer control systems have a number of potential advantages over centralized systems, especially where the application is itself physically distributed. A computer station can be placed close to the plant being controlled, and a communications network used to enable the stations to communicate to coordinate their actions. However, the software must be carefully designed to exploit the potential advantages of distribution. This paper describes the software architecture of CONIC, a system to support distributed computer control applications. This architecture emphasizes the distinction between the writing of individual software components and the construction and configuration of a system from a set of components. A modular structure is used to separate programming from configuration. Typed entry and exit ports are used to clearly define module interfaces. Ports, analagous to the plugs and sockets of hardware components, permit modules to be interconnected in different ways. On-line modification and extension of the system is supported by permitting the dynamic creation and interconnection of modules. Message passing primitives are provided to permit modules to coordinate and synchronize control actions.     

MaDViWorld: a software framework for massively distributed virtual worlds

The MaDViWorld project represents an original attempt to define an appropriate software architecture for supporting massively distributed virtual world systems. A non‐massively distributed virtual world system is typically engineered as a client–server application for which a single server or more rarely a small cluster of servers contain all the world pertinent data and assume the world accessibility, consistency and persistence. On the client side, many of them enable interaction with the other users and the various objects of the world. The main originality of our approach resides in the fact that the server part of the proposed system is no more limited to a few centralized servers, but can be distributed on arbitrarily many of them. Indeed, MaDViWorld, the prototypal software framework already implemented using Java and RMI by our group, allows for creating the rooms of a given world on several machines, each running the server application. It is then possible to connect the rooms by way of simple doors and to populate them with active objects. Finally, avatars managed by the client application visit the rooms and interact with the active objects either directly on the remote host or locally by cloning or transporting them first to the client machine. This paper draws from the experience gained with the development of our first prototype in order to discuss, both at the user's and the vi‐world developer's level, the main software engineering issues related to the implementation of such massively distributed virtual world systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

嵌入式软件系统体系结构可靠性分析方法

AADL是嵌入式领域对SA进行建模、评估的常用方法,但其属于一种半形式化开发语言,无法直接对SA的可靠性进行验证。为此,提出一种基于AADL的可靠性分析框架,对SA的可靠性进行形式化验证。首先通过分析系统体系结构的元素关系,建立AADL可靠性模型;然后设计转换模型及其规则,将AADL模型转换为连续时间马尔科夫链模型;最后采用概率模型检验工具对连续时间马尔科夫链模型进行可靠性定量分析。仿真结果表明,与现有可靠性分析方法相比,该方法在计算效率和转换效率上都有明显的提高。基于AADL的可靠性分析框架实现在软件系统开发早期对SA进行可靠性定量计算,为AADL在嵌入式软件系统可靠性定量分析方面提供了一种新的验证思路。     

A software architecture centric self-adaptation approach for Internetware

Being one of the basic features of Internetware, self-adaptation means that the software system can monitor its runtime state and behavior and adjust them when necessary according to pre-defined policies. Focusing on the three fundamental issues of self-adaptation, including the scope, operability and trustworthiness, a software architecture （SA） centric approach for Internetware＇s self-adaptation is presented in this paper. All of the self-adaptive actions, i.e. monitoring, analyzing, planning and executing, are performed based on SA. In detail, runtime state and behavior of Internetware are represented and changed in the form of runtime soft- ware architecture. The knowledge for self-adaptation is captured, organized and reasoned in the form of SA so that automatic analysis and decision-making are achieved.     

FLORA: a framework for decomposing software architecture to introduce local recovery

The decomposition of software architecture into modular units is usually driven by the required quality concerns. In this paper we focus on the impact of local recovery concern on the decomposition of the software system. For achieving local recovery, the system needs to be decomposed into separate units that can be recovered in isolation. However, it appears that this required decomposition for recovery is usually not aligned with the decomposition based on functional concerns. Moreover, introducing local recovery to a software system, while preserving the existing decomposition, is not trivial and requires substantial development and maintenance effort. To reduce this effort we propose a framework that supports the decomposition and implementation of software architecture for local recovery. The framework provides reusable abstractions for defining recoverable units and the necessary coordination and communication protocols for recovery. We discuss our experiences in the application and evaluation of the framework for introducing local recovery to the open‐source media player called MPlayer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软件体系结构描述研究与进展

软件体系结构是当前软件工程领域的一个研究热点,是大型软件开发中必须解决的核心技术。无数的软件工程实践也证明了:一个成功的软件系统往往都有一个好的软件体系结构。由于软件体系结构描述是体系结构构造、演化、验证、分析、维护和基于体系结构的软件开发的基础,因此体系结构     

A framework for creating hybrid-open source software communities

Abstract The open source software (OSS) model is a fundamentally new and revolutionary way to develop software. The success of the OSS model is also setting the stage for a structural change in the software industry; it is beginning to transform software industry from manufacturing to a service industry. Despite the success of the OSS model, for‐profit organizations are having difficulty building a business model around the open source paradigm. Whereas there are some isolated empirical studies, little rigorous research has been done on how traditional organizations can implement and benefit from OSS practices. This research explores how organizations can foster an environment similar to OSS to manage their software development efforts to reap its numerous advantages. Drawing on organizational theory, we develop a framework that guides the creation and management of a hybrid‐OSS community within an organization. We discuss the implications of this framework and suggest areas for future research.     

飞行仿真系统的软件架构研究

基于高层体系结构提出了以Matlab数值模型驱动OGRE视景模型的飞行仿真系统软件架构。重点讨论分析了两个核心组件：Matlab_RTI适配器和OGRE_RTI适配器，并给出了飞行仿真系统的部署方案。实践表明：软件构架基于标准的仿真总线，支持系统的可扩展和仿真重用。