Induction equations for fundamental fields and dark matter

The paper outlines some aspects of the theory of gravity and electromagnetism based on a topology-geometric interpretation of matter and its properties as manifestations of a non-Euclidean geometry of the physical hypersurface of dimension 3 embedded in a Euclidean space of dimension 4. We derive the basic equations of the theory, leading to equations similar to those of the classical theory of gravity and electromagnetism as well as those of quantum theory. It is shown that in this theory the observed effect of a hidden mass, or dark matter, is explained in a natural way by effects of the geometry of the physical hypersurface.     

The use of symbolic calculations in post-Riemannian and multidimensional theories of gravity

We have developed new methods of using symbolic computer calculations for four- and higher-dimensional, geometrically generalized spaces. In particular, we work with differential identities in order to check the variational field equations of a conformal theory of gravity with a scalar field in Weyl-Cartan space. To simplify the navigation, we have worked out a graphic user interface, making it possible to solve problems of a post-Riemannian theory of gravity in Weyl-Cartan space, as well as those of the Kaluza-Klein five-dimensional unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism, in particular, in the external form formalism.     

THE CHALLENGE OF DEEP MODELS,INFERENCE STRUCTURES,AND ABSTRACT TASKS

Abstract

An attempt is made to see recent developments in knowledge representation, clustered around Minsky 's theory of frames, and the more classical modeling of natural processes, originating in Newton's mechanics, in a unified perspective. Defining knowledge as homomorphic representation, we view classical models as capable of providing behavioral knowledge but lacking in capability to represent important structural knowledge and meta-knowledge. He discuss a framework, inspired by system theoretic concepts, for combining structural and behavioral representation in a form suitable for goal-directed model construction. We conclude by drawing several implications of this approach for system design, artificial intelligence, modeling, and simulation.     

Algorithmicity and programmability in natural computing with the Game of Life as in silico case study

In a previous article, I suggested a method for testing the algorithmicity of a natural/physical process using the concept of Levin's universal distribution. Here, I explain this method in the context of the problem formulated by L. Floridi concerning the testability of pancomputationalism. Then, I will introduce a behavioural battery of programmability tests for natural computation, as an example of a computational philosophy approach. That is to tackle a simplified version of a complex philosophical question with a computer experiment. I go on to demonstrate the application of this novel approach in a case study featuring Conway's Game of Life. In this context, I also briefly discuss another question raised by Floridi, concerning a grand unified theory of information, which I think is deeply connected to the grand unification of physics.     

Intelligent backtracking in deduction systems by means of extended unification graphs

A method for unification as the basis for intelligent backtracking in deduction systems is described. This method is based on the unification graphs introduced by Cox. In this paper, unification graphs are used in an extended form such that they represent all the information which can be gained from the unification constraints, i.e., the expression to be unified, their subterms which, as a consequence, are to be unified, the number of deduction steps which cause the unification of two terms, and the term-subterm relation as far as necessary. If a unification conflict occurs from this information, the deduction steps which have led to these conflicts can be determined and reset. This is done by searching for loop-free paths or loops with certain properties in the extended unification graph, according to the type of unification conflict. Algorithms for the handling of the unification graph and for the extraction information from it are described and proved as correct.     

Dark energy and inflation in a gravitational wave dominated universe

The empty space (with no matter fields) is not really empty because of natural metric fluctuations, quantum (gravitons) and classical (gravitational waves). We show that gravitons as well as classical gravitational waves of super-horizon wavelengths are able to form a de Sitter state of the empty homogeneous isotropic Universe. This state is an exact solution to the self-consistent equations of finite one-loop quantum gravity for gravitons in the empty FLRW space. It is also an exact solution to the selfconsistent equations of back-reaction for classical gravitational waves in the same space. Technically, to get this de Sitter solution in both quantum and classical cases, it is necessary to carry out a transition to imaginary time and then to return to real time, which is possible because this de Sitter state is invariant with respect to Wick rotation. Such a procedure means that time was used as a complex variable, and this fact has a deep but still not understood significance. The de Sitter accelerated expansion of the empty Universe naturally explains the origin of dark energy and inflation because the Universe is empty at the start (inflation) and by the end (dark energy) of its evolution. This theory is consistent with the existing observational data. The CMB anisotropy of the order of 10^?5 is produced by fluctuations in the number of gravitons. The existence of a threshold and a unique coincidence of topologically impenetrable barriers for tunneling takes place for the matter-dominated epoch and de Sitter State only. These facts provide a solution to the coincidence problem. The theoretical prediction that the equation-of-state parameter should be w > ?1 for inflation and w < ?1 for dark energy is consistentwith the observational data. To provide the reader with a complete picture, this paper gather together new and some published results of the graviton theory of the origin of inflation and dark energy.     

Electromagnetic origin of particle masses and gravitation

We propose an approximate theory describing electromagnetism and gravity as a single direct particle interaction. A new element in this theory is the assumption on real simultaneous (combined) existence of retarded and advanced interactions. Another essential principle of this theory is Mach’s principle, according to which the interaction of particles in a certain local region is inextricably connected with the dynamics of all particles in the Universe. A consequence ofMach’s principle in this theory is that in terrestrial experiments the advanced electromagnetic interaction is many orders of magnitude smaller than the retarded one (but is not precisely zero). We consider a possible mechanism of emergence of particle masses due to electromagnetic interaction. The proposed theory is relativistic but non-quantum. In this regard, we consider only three types of particles (electrons, protons, and neutrons), and the difference of particle masses is explained only at a qualitative level. The resulting equation of motion for particles is studied in the nonrelativistic approximation. Along with the Lorentz force and the radiative friction force, it contains terms describing the gravitational interaction. Their form is similar to those known in gravielectromagnetism, which is an approximation to general relativity.     

Some astrophysical effects of the five-dimensional geometric theory of gravitation and electromagnetism

In the framework of a unified five-dimensional geometric theory of gravitation and electromagnetism, a number of static, cylindrically symmetric solutions have been obtained, corresponding to the presence of an azimuthal magnetic field and a scalar field of geometric origin. It is shown that these fields can induce the appearance of a nontrivial space-time topology (in the form of wormholes and cosmic strings).     

Parts, wholes, and part-whole relations: The prospects of mereotopology

We can see mereology as a theory of parthood and topology as a theory of wholeness. How can the two be combined to obtain a unified theory of parts and wholes'? This paper examines three main ways of answering this question. On the first account, mereology and topology form two independent (though mutually related) domains. The second account grants priority to topology and characterizes mereology derivatively, by defining parthood in terms of wholeness (more specifically: connectedness). The third approach reverses the order, exploiting the idea that wholeness (connectedness) can be explained in terms of parthood along with other predicates or relations. The analysis and comparison of these strategies is mostly formal (and within the confines of standard first-order theories), but their relevance to spatio-temporal reasoning and representation is emphasized. Some more speculative strategies and directions for further research, such as the development of a unified framework based on a single mereotopological primitive of connected parthood, are also briefly considered.     

A Multi-Adjoint Approach to Similarity-Based Unification

A formal model for similarity-based fuzzy unification in multi-adjoint logic programs is presented. On this computational model, a similarity-based unification approach is constructed by simply adding axioms of fuzzy similarities and using classical crisp unification which provides a semantic framework for logic programming with different notions of similarity.     

Signature-check based unification filter

Among the different processes that entail unification-based grammar parsing, the unification of feature structures is by far the most expensive one in terms of execution time. Unification of the feature structures of a given sentence typically takes between 85 and 98 per cent of the total elapsed time during parsing, thus the need to develop faster unification methods. The approach presented in this paper is based on the fact that, in general, between 60 and 85 per cent of unifications attempted in a typical parse result in failure. Our claim is that the efficient treatment of such unification failures reduces unification time significantly. In this paper we present what we call a unification filter or U-filter, that preprocesses the feature structures to be unified. If the U-filter succeeds, unification is then skipped because the attempt to unify the involved structures would result in failure. On the other hand, when the U-filter does not succeed it is not possible to determine at that moment whether or not the structures unify, so unification is performed. The U-filter stops around 87 per cent of unification failures, and speeds up unification time by an average of around 29 per cent over quasi-destructive graph unification, the fastest unification method known so far.     

A new type of second-order cosmological Lagrangians

We study a possible connection between two second-order theories of gravity, Galileon gravity and teleparallel gravity. By using the conformal transformation method, we construct from the third-order Galileon action some auxiliary action, which can be covariantly generalized only in theories with torsion. On this way we also obtain a new second-order phenomenological Lagrangian, which may be useful for cosmological applications and for construction of a new second-order theory of gravity.     

蒙古语动词计算机生成研究

该文遵循笔者提出的“整词中枢论”思想，基于自然语言复杂特征合一运算理论，方法和技术，通过揭蒙古语动词构成数学结构，提出了蒙古语动词构成算法的数学模型（机理模型），分析了确立规则的各种复杂问题，建立了一个生成蒙古词动词的FSTN，解决了蒙古词动词的计算机生成过程中的语言学“共性”与“个性”恰当结合的问题，实现了蒙古语动词计算机生成精确度，时间度和空间度三要素的有机统一。     

Frame精化:基于Frame的软件开发与逐步精化的融合

基于Frame的软件开发和逐步精化是用于实现系统化软件开发(例如软件产品线)的两种范型.然而这两种方法基于不同的假设而独立发展,它们之间的联系还未得到完全认识.为了弥补这一缺失,使得能够在一个统一的软件开发过程中发挥这两者的优势,探讨了它们之间的联系、融合的必要性以及在融和过程中出现的有趣的问题,像可换合成策略和不同范型指令的融合等.为了支持这一观点,在frames的设计中集成了逐步精化技术,并设计开发了Frame++.它构建在XVCL之上,利用AHEAD(XAK)来支持frames精化.在frames中融入逐步精化的概念,使得可以按特征对frames进行组织(同时兼顾消除克隆),易于frames的演化和面向特征的复用与组装;同时精化的参数化特性使得处理细粒度的可变性特征变得容易.一个人员维护模块的产品线被用来展示这种方法.此方法可以提升frames设计中的关注点分离,并促进系统化的软件开发.     

Some cosmological solutions in an arbitrary order of Lovelock gravity

We consider the Lovelock theory of gravity that assumes a nonlinearity of the field equations in the second-order derivatives of the metric. We prove the opportunity of obtaining cosmological solutions without isotropization in the presence of matter in the form of a perfect fluid, which is necessary for invisibility of extra dimensions that inevitably emerge in the Lovelock theory. In particular, the Jacobs solution has been generalized to an arbitrary order of the theory, and in the third order, an anisotropic exponential solution has been found.