Control-oriented dynamic fuzzy model and predictive control for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） stack temperature and cathode stoichiometric oxygen are very important control parameters. The performance and lifespan of PEMFC stack are greatly dependent on the parameters. So, in order to improve the performance index, tight control of two parameters within a given range and reducing their fluctuation are indispensable, However, control-oriented models and control strategies are very weak junctures in the PEMFC development. A predictive control algorithm was presented based on their model established by input-output data and operating experiences. It adjusts the operating temperature to 80℃. At the same time, the optimized region of stoichiometric oxygen is kept between 1.8-2.2. Furthermore, the control algorithm adjusts the variants quickly to the destination value and makes the fluctuation of the variants the least. According to the test results, compared with traditional fuzzy and PID controllers, the designed controller shows much better performance.     

Estimation of equivalent internal-resistance of PEM fuel cell using artificial neural networks

A practical method of estimation for the internal-resistance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack was adopted based on radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. In the training process, k-means clustering algorithm was applied to select the network centers of the input training data. Furthermore, an equivalent electrical-circuit model with this internal-resistance was developed for investigation on the stack. Finally using the neural networks model of the equivalent resistance in the PEMFC stack, the simulation results of the estimation of equivalent internal-resistance of PEMFC were presented. The results show that this electrical PEMFC model is effective and is suitable for the study of control scheme, fault detection and the engineering analysis of electrical circuits.     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统建模和控制的综述

对质子交换膜燃料电池系统建模和控制方法进行了综述。首先概述了燃料电池各种系统级的模型和软件，对各个子系统的模型（电压、空气供应、水管理和温度）作了介绍；其次，对质子交换膜燃料电池各种控制方法进行了综述，包括传统方法、预测控制、模糊控制和神经网络控制；最后结合国内外相关研究成果，展望了燃料电池系统建模和控制的发展前景和研究方向。     

形状记忆合金位置控制系统数值分析与研究

本文提出一种利用形状记忆合金（SMA）驱动性质并结合模糊逻辑算法进行结构位置控制的方法。首先,介绍利用常温下马氏体形状记忆镍钛合金（Nitinol）的驱动特性制成的位置控制装置的基本原理。采用电加热的方法改变Nitinol的温度,从而驱动控制对象发生位置变化。采用与温度变化相关的输出位移作为反馈信号,设计出基于反馈控制的自调节控制系统。其次,进行基于模糊逻辑的控制器设计。根据SMA自身的物理特性具有非线性,温度滞后,时变等特性,采用了不依赖于SMA数学模型的模糊控制系统。然后,进行数值仿真分析。在仿真前,对模糊控制模块进行编辑,根据Matlab提供的模糊逻辑编辑器对模糊控制器进行编译。最后,进行试验验证。试验在实验室中完成。试验采用马氏体Nitinol丝材,通过电加热的方法控制物块的移动位置。通过热电偶反馈Nitinol的温度信号,利用电加热控制作动器的运动,利用LVDT监测物块的位置。仿真分析和实验结果均表明,该控制器控制精度高,响应速度快,稳定性好等特点。     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态特性的建模与仿真

详细分析了质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的电化学模型。在此基础上，运用Matlab的Simulink仿真工具建立仿真模型，通过此模型，分析当电池电流出现阶跃变化时，电池电压、输出功率、消耗功率、电池效率以及电池等效内阻的动态响应。此模型也可用于电堆的仿真与设计，此研究对燃料电池的优化与控制可提供帮助。     

基于AGA的智能桁架结构模糊振动控制

应用一种根据适应度自动调整选择交叉概率和变异概率的自适应遗传算法(Adaptive Genetic Algorithm,简称AGA),来优化智能桁架结构模糊控制系统。首先,考虑到压电主动杆的机电耦合特性,建立系统的有限元动力方程;其次,以智能桁架结构的主动杆轴向位移差为优化目标,使用自适应遗传算法优化模糊控制规则,以增强智能桁架结构模糊控制器的振动控制效果;利用Matlab/Simulink建立空间智能桁架结构的仿真模型,对模糊规则优化前后的控制结果进行对比。仿真结果表明:使用自适应遗传算法优化后的模糊控制器,能够加快智能桁架振动衰减速度,并且有效消除模糊控制的稳态误差。     

Neural network modeling and control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A neural network model and fuzzy neural network controller was designed to control the inner impedance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. A radial basis function (RBF) neural network model was trained by the input-output data of impedance. A fuzzy neural network controller was designed to control the impedance response. The RBF neural network model was used to test the fuzzy neural network controller. The results show that the RBF model output can imitate actual output well, the maximal error is not beyond 20 m-, the training time is about 1 s by using 20 neurons, and the mean squared errors is 141.9 m-2. The impedance of the PEMFC stack is controlled within the optimum range when the load changes, and the adjustive time is about 3 min.     

用多种群遗传算法优化结构振动模糊控制器

在结构控制中模糊控制是被采用的方法之一，基于遗传算法的模糊系统的优化设计，把模糊控制和遗传算法结合起来．利用遗传算法的优点，克服了一般模糊控制设计中模糊变量的隶属度和控制规则的选取通常靠经验来获取的不足．使得系统的模糊控制设计更灵活方便，能取得更好的控制效果。采用实数和整数混合编码技术来设计遗传算法的染色体和相应算法，为了避免早熟和加快收敛速度，采用了多种群的遗传算法。为了验证优化的效果．对一个三层框架进行了仿真分析，结果显示，采用遗传算法优化后的模糊逻辑控制优于常规模糊逻辑控制。     

Research on Directly Adaptive Fuzzy Algorithm Based ACC Controller

A directly adaptive fuzzy algorithm is applied in vehicle adaptive cruise control system. The basic principle of the adaptive fuzzy algorithm is analyzed. The initial value of the fuzzy based vector is given by the traditional fuzzy membership. Adaptive law of the adjustable parameters θ is also determined. The directly adaptive fuzzy ACC controller is designed based on Matlab fuzzy toolbox. Matlab-Simulink is adopted to test the function of the adaptive fuzzy ACC controller. The control system is established using a 7 DOF vehicle dynamics model. Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method is correct and it performs well both in cruise and distance keeping.     

神经网络BP算法在有源消声中的应用

为了克服传统自适应有源消声算法在应用中稳定性方面的不足,尝试将神经网络反向传播（ＢＰ）算法应用于有源消声技术。文中建立了基于ＢＰ算法的自适应有源消声（ＡＡＮＣ—ＢＰ）模型并给出该算法的递推公式。利用ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ２５开发板实现了该算法功能。在半消声室中进行了单频和１００Ｈｚ带宽的消声实验,仅利用单个次级源结构便获得较好的消声效果。实验证明,基于ＢＰ算法的消声系统具有良好的稳定性。     

基于BP神经网络的燃料电池发动机温度模型

燃料电池堆的热特性对燃料电池整体性能和寿命有重要影响,电堆温度特性具有不确定性和非线性,本文利用BP神经网络建立了电堆温度模型,并通过实测数据分析了神经网络模型的特性,研究结果表明,神经网络可以用于电堆温度模型的建立,为质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的建模与控制提供了一条可供参考的途径.     

一种智能反步控制方法及其应用

针对反作用射流导弹的非线性和参数不确定性严重的特点,提出一种鲁棒自适应反步智能控制(Backstepping)方法。通过非特定的Lyapunov函数,采用遗传算法优化Backstepping镇定系数,得到适当的函数降低了当镇定系数不当时跟踪误差对控制律的影响。结合模糊小脑模型(FC-MAC)神经网络,推出系统参数不确定时的鲁棒控制律,克服了传统自适应反步法对模型不确定性要求线性有界问题。仿真结果表明,这种结合Lyapunov函数选择和参数优化的Backstepping方法鲁棒性强,受参数变化影响小。     

多变量非线性系统的有约束模糊预测控制

针对多变量非线性系统提出了一种带约束输入的广义预测控制(GPC)算法.首先对多变量非线性系统建立T-S模糊模型,利用模糊聚类算法和正交最小二乘算法对输入变量的模糊划分及后件部分的参数分别进行辨识,然后在每个采样点对系统进行局部动态线性化.根据得到的系统线性化模型设计GPC算法,该算法充分考虑了控制输入及其增量受约束的情况,而且不必求D iophantine方程,大大减小了计算量.仿真结果表明该算法能保证系统输出有效跟踪设定值,而且控制输入和控制增量均在其约束范围之内.     

基于自适应遗传算法的DFB激光器模糊PID温控系统

针对传统的PID控制算法很难准确控制DFB激光器温度的问题,提出并设计了一种基于模糊PID控制和自适应遗传算法的新型DFB温度控制系统.该控制系统由硬件和软件两部分构成,在硬件设备上以单片机作为控制系统的处理器,以铂电阻和热电冷却器分别作为控制系统的敏感器和执行器;在控制算法上利用自适应遗传算法来优化模糊PID的自整定规则.结果表明,该系统能够实现DFB激光器在5~65℃温度范围内的有效控制,控制误差和超调量分别低于0.002 3℃和10%,具有较好的应用前景.     

Using genetic algorithm based fuzzy adaptive resonance theory for clustering analysis

In the clustering applications field, fuzzy adaptive resonance theory system has been widely applied. But, three parameters of fuzzy adaptive resonance theory need to be adjusted manually for obtaining better clustering. It needs much time to test and does not assure a best result. Genetic algorithm is an optimal mathematical search technique based on the principles of natural selection and genetic recombination. So, to make the fuzzy adaptive resonance theory parameters choosing process automation, an approach incorporating genetic algorithm and fuzzy adaptive resonance theory neural network has been applied. Then, the best clustering result can be obtained.Through experiment, it can be proved that the most appropriate parameters of fuzzy adaptive resonance theory can be gained effectively by this approach.     

单轴并联式混合动力汽车能量分配的模糊控制策略研究

针对单轴并联式混合动力轿车,以混合驱动系统需求转矩和电池剩余电量（SOC）为输入,以发动机转矩为输出,构建了能量管理模糊控制器,基于ADVISOR的仿真研究表明,模糊控制策略与传统的逻辑门控制策略相比,能够更有效地降低混合动力汽车的燃油消耗和排放,更好地控制电池组SOC的变化。     

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells modeling based on artificial neural networks

To understand the complexity of the mathematical models of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and their shortage of practical PEMFC control, the PEMFC complex mechanism and the existing PEMFC models are analyzed, and artificial neural networks based PEMFC modeling is advanced. The structure, algorithm, training and simulation of PEMFC modeling based on improved BP networks are given out in detail. The computer simulation and conducted experiment verify that this model is fast and accurate, and can be used as a suitable operational model for PEMFC real-time control.     

基于遗传模糊控制的智能自适应滤波算法

组合导航中软故障难以检测,致使卡尔曼滤波精度降低甚至发散.为提高滤波的容错性,提出了一种基于遗传模糊控制的智能自适应滤波算法.首先针对软故障提出一种模糊自适应滤波算法,算法中通过监测观测量新息及其变化率,应用模糊控制系统计算观测质量因子,并对滤波器量测噪声阵进行在线自适应调整,从而抑制软故障对滤波的影响,保证滤波的精度,提升容错性能.然后,利用自适应遗传算法对隶属度函数的参数进行优化,从而进一步提高算法的整体精度.利用本文提出的算法在SINS/CNS/GPS导航平台上进行了定位实验,结果显示该算法有效,在软故障存在时,定位精度小于2 m,测速精度小于0.1 m/s.     

混合动力汽车电子节气门的模糊自适应PID控制

针对传统PID控制对非线性控制系统难以设置最佳PID参数和模糊控制难以消除静差的问题,建立了混合动力汽车电子节气门非线性运动模型,提出应用模糊自适应PID控制算法对电子节气门的目标位置进行跟踪控制.实验结果显示,应用模糊自适应PID控制算法对模型的非线性具有较好的适应性,在控制中跟踪误差小于传统PID控制,具有较好的跟踪效果.     

自适应神经模糊推理系统在起重机稳钩控制中的应用

起重机小车─吊重系统具有多变量、非线性和钢丝绳长度不确定性的特点,造成吊物移动过程中摇摆很难控制.提出一种基于自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)的控制方法应用于起重机的稳钩控制,该方法采用反向传播算法(BP)和最小二乘算法(LS)的混合算法对小车─吊重系统样本数据进行学习,调整各变量的隶属度函数,自动产生模糊规则.仿真结果表明,这种控制方法对小车─吊重系统的摇摆角度和小车位置的控制过程具有良好的动态性能和较强的鲁棒性能,说明了自适应神经模糊推理系统在起重机稳钩控制中的有效性.