添加石灰石脱硫对CFB锅炉热效率的影响

循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫是其优点之一,它具有脱硫效率高,脱硫成本低,操作简单、无水污染等特点。通过实例分析总结了循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫后对锅炉热效率的影响。     

ROFA技术提高CFB锅炉脱硫效率数值模拟研究

文中详细介绍了采用CFD数值模拟分析440 t循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率低、石灰石耗量大的原因。根据数值分析结果,提出了一种在CFB锅炉二次风喷口位置增加ROFA射流风来提高CFB锅炉脱硫效率的措施。     

CFB锅炉炉内添加石灰石脱硫对床温和锅炉效率的影响

通过在石狮热电厂一台 35t/hCFB锅炉 (DG35 / 3 82 - 17型 )上进行的炉内添加石灰石脱硫工业性实验 ,得到炉内脱硫反应过程会造成床温小幅度的下降 ,并按本实验工况计算 ,锅炉热效率也略微有所降低。但同时指出燃烧福建Ⅱ类无烟煤可以采用这种经济而简单易行的脱硫方式     

CFB锅炉添加石灰石脱硫对燃烧产物计算的影响

循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫不可避免地对锅炉性能产生一定影响,本文定量分析了添加石灰石脱硫后锅炉性能计算中燃烧产物计算的新方法,并通过实例分析总结出至关重要的影响因素。     

石灰石法炉内脱硫对锅炉热效率影响分析

通过石灰石脱硫改造实例对石灰石脱硫对锅炉的影响进行分析计算,得到各部分影响所带来的损失量所占比重,进而分析在不同钙硫比条件下,对锅炉热效率影响的变化趋势,以及两者之间的相互关系,为锅炉的减排改造提供借鉴意义。     

循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫对性能设计的影响

循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫不可避免锅炉性能产生一定影响,本文定理分析了添加石灰石脱硫后,锅炉性能计算中燃烧产物计算的新方法,并通过实例分析总结排出至关重要的影响因素。     

循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫对性能设计的影响

循环流化床锅炉添加石灰石脱硫不可避免地对锅炉性能产生一定影响,定量分析了添加石灰石脱硫后锅炉性能计算中燃料产物计算的新方法,并通过实例分析总结出至关重要的影响因素。     

220t/h循环流化床锅炉技术特点

通过对大连香海热电厂 2 2 0t/h循环流化床锅炉主要参数、锅炉主要技术特点及风系统(一次风、二次风及高压风系统 )、烟风系统、燃煤系统、石灰石系统、启动燃烧器系统、底灰系统、飞灰系统和锅炉汽水系统等锅炉的有关系统的重点介绍 ,为国内同类型循环流化床锅炉的制造提供一些基础资料。     

CFB锅炉炉内添加石灰石脱硫对床温和锅炉效率的影响

通过在石狮热电厂一台35t/hCFB锅炉（DG35／3．82－17型）上进行的炉内添加石灰石脱硫工业性实验，得到炉内脱硫反应过程会造成床温小幅度的下降，并按本实验工况计算，锅炉热效率也略微有所降低。但同时指出燃烧福建Ⅱ类无烟煤可以采用这种经济而简单易行的脱硫方式。     

掺烧石油焦锅炉降低飞灰含碳量研究

某炼化企业自备电站410t/h掺烧石油焦循环流化床锅炉(简称CFB锅炉)飞灰含碳量高达15%以上,导致锅炉效率下降。通过对锅炉床层温度、一次及二次风量、过剩含氧量、床层压差、石灰石添加量等因素进行优化调整:当床温度为880～920℃之间时,飞灰含碳量降低效果较好,锅炉热效率提高;适当减小一次流化风量,增加二次风量在100～110t/h之间,有助于燃煤的充分燃烧,飞灰含碳量也相应降低;控制烟气含氧量在4.5%～5.5%范围内,床层压差在4.5～5.0kPa之间,对降低飞灰含碳量有明显作用;在保证脱硫效果的情况下适当减小炉内石灰石脱硫剂的使用量,也可降低飞灰含碳量。在运行中可根据飞灰含碳量的变化调整燃烧工况,维持床层温度、一二次风量、过剩含氧量、床层压差和石灰石添加量在合理范围内,以优化密相区和稀相区的燃烧份额,降低机械不完全燃烧热损失,有效降低锅炉飞灰可燃物至8%以下,可提高锅炉热效率0.5%。     

企业冷热电联产系统的多周期优化运行

以蒸汽动力系统为研究对象,建立一个综合考虑设备启停费用、折旧维护费用以及设备模型的合理线性化的混合整数线性模型,利用优化软件LINGO,应用实例得到了冷热电联产系统在不同周期内的最优的计划调度方案,求解出不同周期内的最小运行费用,节省大量运行成本。     

An Integrated Feasibility Analysis of a Stand‐alone Wind Power System,including No‐energy Fulfillment Cost

Autonomous wind power systems are among the most interesting and environmentally friendly technological solutions for the electrification of remote consumers. However, the expected system operational cost is quite high, especially if the no‐load rejection restriction is applied. This article describes an integrated feasibility analysis of a stand‐alone wind power system, considering, beyond the total long‐term operational cost of the system, the no‐energy fulfilment (or the alternative energy coverage) cost of the installation. Therefore the impact of desired system reliability on the stand‐alone system configuration is included. Accordingly, a detailed parametric investigation is carried out concerning the influence of the hourly no‐energy fulfilment cost on the system dimensions and operational cost. Thus, by using the proposed method, one has the capability–in all practical cases–to determine the optimum wind power system configuration that minimizes the long‐term total cost of the installation, considering also the influence of the local economy basic parameters. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cost related sensitivity analysis for optimal operation of a grid-parallel PEM fuel cell power plant

Fuel cell power plants (FCPP) as a combined source of heat, power and hydrogen (CHP&H) can be considered as a potential option to supply both thermal and electrical loads. Hydrogen produced from the FCPP can be stored for future use of the FCPP or can be sold for profit. In such a system, tariff rates for purchasing or selling electricity, the fuel cost for the FCPP/thermal load, and hydrogen selling price are the main factors that affect the operational strategy. This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary programming and Hill–Climbing based approach to evaluate the impact of change of the above mentioned cost parameters on the optimal operational strategy of the FCPP. The optimal operational strategy of the FCPP for different tariffs is achieved through the estimation of the following: hourly generated power, the amount of thermal power recovered, power trade with the local grid, and the quantity of hydrogen that can be produced. Results show the importance of optimizing system cost parameters in order to minimize overall operating cost.     

考虑光热电站参与的新能源热电联供型微网运行优化

针对传统热电联供型微网运行存在的问题,文章引入光热电站,并结合风力发电、光伏发电、电加热器、储能系统构成热电联供型微网,提出了一种计及微网运行成本的新能源热电联供型微网运行优化策略。该优化策略综合考虑与外部电网交互成本、各设备维护成本、储能老化成本及热电功率平衡约束等因素,建立了热电联供型微网运行优化模型,并采用YALMIP工具箱进行求解。结果表明:该模型运行成本降低了6.2%,电加热器配合光热电站可以提高微网的运行灵活性,实现电-热能量的双向流动,光热电站在一定范围内增大了发电规模,可有效降低微网运行成本。     

Exergy, economic & environmental (3E) analysis of inlet fogging for gas turbine power plant

In the present paper, the effects of inlet fogging system on the first and second law efficiencies are investigated for a typical power plant (Shahid Rajaee) which is located near Ghazvin in Iran. Also a new function is proposed for system optimization that includes the social cost of air pollution for power generating systems. The new function is based on the first law efficiency, energy cost and the external social cost of air pollution for an operational system. Social cost of air pollution is based on the negative effects of air pollution on the health of society and environment. The economic aspect of these effects is called external social cost of air pollution. Other pollution sources such as water, soil, etc. produced by an operational power generation system are ignored. The theoretical results obtained from the model are validated by registered practical performance results from Shahid Rajaee power plant. It is concluded that using of inlet fogging system, increases the average output power production, the first and the second law efficiencies through three months of year (June, July and August) by 7%, 5.5% and 6% respectively and reduces the objective function value by about 4%.     

Optimal operational strategy for a future electricity and hydrogen supply system in a residential area

This study introduces a novel framework of an electricity and hydrogen supply system integrating with a photovoltaic power station for a residential area. The non-residential parts including the power grid and non-residential vehicles are added to ensure power balance and bring benefits, respectively. The optimal operational strategy of the proposed framework with considering uncertainties is proposed. The objective function minimizes the expected operational cost (EOC) by reducing the imported electricity from the power grid and increasing exported electricity/hydrogen to non-residential vehicles. Additionally, the demand response program (DRP) is applied in the residential load to achieve operational cost reduction. The uncertainties are modeled via various scenarios by using scenario-based stochastic optimization method. Notably, existing research for similar frameworks both lacks the consideration of uncertainties and DRP, and fails to distinguish the residential and non-residential vehicles with different charging behaviors. The results indicate that 1) The feasibility of the proposed framework is validated which can ensure the power balance of the residential area and reduce the operational cost. 2) The EOC is reduced when considering DRP.     

Performance evaluation of direct methanol fuel cells for portable applications

This study examines the feasibility of powering a range of portable devices with a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The analysis includes a comparison between a Li-ion battery and DMFC to supply the power for a laptop, camcorder and a cell phone. A parametric study of the systems for an operational period of 4 years is performed. Under the assumptions made for both the Li-ion battery and DMFC system, the battery cost is lower than the DMFC during the first year of operation. However, by the end of 4 years of operational time, the DMFC system would cost less. The weight and cost comparisons show that the fuel cell system occupies less space than the battery to store a higher amount of energy. The weight of both systems is almost identical. Finally, the CO₂ emissions can be decreased by a higher exergetic efficiency of the DMFC, which leads to improved sustainability.     

Economic considerations and cost comparisons between the heat pumps and solar collectors for the application of plume control from wet cooling towers of commercial buildings

This communication presents a case study based on the economic considerations and comparisons between the heat pump and solar collector heating systems for the application and utility to control the visible plume from wet cooling towers of a huge commercial building in Hong Kong. A detail economic study for both cases, i.e. for heat pumps as well as for solar collectors is done and compared using different (capital and operational) costs, taking other constraints into account. The capital cost is the actual cost of the device, for example, for a heat pump it is the cost of the heat pump machine. For a solar collector it is the cost of all the components like the collector, pipes, pump, heat exchanger, etc. On the other hand, the operational cost is the cost that keeps the system working in good condition. For a heat pump, the cost of the input power to the compressor is the running cost, while the necessary maintenance and replacement of parts comes under other cost. Similarly, for a solar collector, the cost of the power consumed by the pump/compressor to circulate the working fluid is the running cost which is very less as compared to the former. It is found that all the costs are much lesser for a solar collector system while it is reverse in the case of an air-cooled geothermal heat pump system. Other comparisons between the electric and geothermal heat pump systems are also given among different possible options.     

Considerations on the backup of wind power: Operational backup

The introduction of wind power into an electricity-generation system on a large scale brings about challenges for the evolution and operation of this system: backup for wind power becomes a necessity. This paper defines various elements that come into play when considering backup for electricity generation from wind power. The backup is split up in capacity backup and operational backup. The focus is set on the short-term, operational aspects of the backup provision. The effects of several short-term operation related parameters are defined and analysed. Most relevant parameters for the operation and needs for wind power backup are the load profiles, the wind power output profiles and the total amount of installed wind power. These are analysed by means of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model through two different methods for operational backup provision, comparing the incremental cost, generated by both methods. The first method applies wind power backup through a 100% provision of additional spinning reserves. The second method does not foresee any spinning reserve and relies on the balancing by the Transmission System Operator (TSO). Both methods result in different additional charges that are being affected by the said parameters. Both the wind profile and the total amount of installed wind power are positively related to the relative cost increase. The load profile is negatively correlated to this increase. The relationship between these parameters and the development of the incremental cost provides an understanding that allows finding better equilibria in the operational backup of wind power.     

寒区水源热泵及调峰供暖运行机制的优化分析

首先介绍了适用于寒区供暖的水源热泵及调峰供暖系统,指出该供暖系统的运行机制影响着运行的经济性。在不改变末端原有散热器的前提下,分析了该供暖系统主要运行参变量之间的关系。以系统运行费用为目标函数,推导出了系统运行时的优化模型。以哈尔滨某一小区从原有传统供暖方式改造为水源热泵及调峰供暖为例,对其进行了优化分析,得出了最优的系统方案及其运行情况,说明水源热泵及调峰供暖具有明显环保和经济效益。