ASP缓存策略探讨

缓存是一项用来提高性能的经典技术,正确地使用缓存,能够优化网站性能、减轻服务器负载、减少客户访问延迟.本文阐述了缓存的定义,利用ASP缓存提高Web性能的重要性以及ASP缓存的分类.重点探讨了利用ASP缓存优化Web性能的策略.     

用自适应机制改进Web信息缓存管理的性能

目前,各种缓存（ｃａｃｈｉｎｇ）技术被广泛应用于Ｗｅｂ信息获取过程中,以求减少Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的网络负载和提高响应速度,如何改进缓存技术从某种意义上成为制约Ｗｅｂ信息获取中的特点,然后提出了采用自适应机制改进Ｗｅｂ信息缓存管理性能的方法,同时给出了该方法的一些具体实现细节,该方法被应用于基于企业主题的Ｗｅｂ信息获取系统（ＷｅｂＣａｐｔｕｒｅ）的设计开发过程中,自适应机制的Ｗｅｂ信息缓存管理主要采用     

A survey on dynamic Web content generation and delivery techniques

While Web applications serve personal needs and business functions almost in every area, the responsiveness and performance of Web applications is the key factor to their success. With continuous innovation on Web technology, Web sites have evolved from document Web to application Web and further to service Web recently. During the evolution course, Web sites serving dynamic content started to grow exponentially to dominate the area. Dynamic pages require servers to generate the response content per-user request before delivering it back to the user, which introduces network traffic, server workload and results in extra latency. This drew tremendous efforts from both research and industry on how to accelerate the dynamic content generation and distribution in order to reduce the user perceived latency and improve the application performance, among which caching is a vital technology. This paper attempts to survey the innovative research and products recently published in this area and presents them in a road map style. It first examines the dynamic characteristics of Web applications and the inherent challenges for caching. Then the rest of this paper explores the varied acceleration solutions on content generation process and content delivery process, respectively, followed by the analysis of how different caching solutions fit Web applications of different characteristics. Finally it ends with the future trends on Web caching technique and a summary of the survey.     

Web caching: A way to improve web QoS

As the Internet and World Wide Web grow at a fast pace, it is essential that the Web‘s performance should keep up with increased demand and expectations. Web Caching technology has.been widely accepted as one of the effective approaches to alleviating Web traffic and increase the Web Quality of Service (QoS). This paper provides an up-to-date survey of the rapidly expanding Web Caching literature. It discusses the state-of-the-art web caching schemes and techniques, with emphasis on the recent developments in Web Caching technology such as the differentiated Web services, heterogeneous caching network structures, and dynamic content caching.     

Proxy Cache Replacement Algorithms: A History-Based Approach

Accesing and circulation of Web objects has been facilitated by the design and implementation of effective caching schemes. Web caching has been integrated in prototype and commercial Web-based information systems in order to reduce the overall bandwidth and increase system's fault tolerance. This paper presents an overview of a series of Web cache replacement algorithms based on the idea of preserving a history record for cached Web objects. The number of references to Web objects over a certain time period is a critical parameter for the cache content replacement. The proposed algorithms are simulated and experimented under a real workload of Web cache traces provided by a major (Squid) proxy cache server installation. Cache and bytes hit rates are given with respect to different cache sizes and a varying number of request workload sets and it is shown that the proposed cache replacement algorithms improve both cache and byte hit rates.     

流媒体代理缓存技术研究

随着流媒体技术在互联网上的广泛应用,原有用于加速Web内容分发的代理缓存技术也被应用于流媒体内容分发领域。然而,由于流媒体对象的一些独特特点,需要在传统Web缓存技术的基础上提出适用于流媒体对象的缓存技术。本文分析了基于代理缓存的流媒体分发中的关键问题和技术挑战,对现有的各种流媒体缓存方案进行了综述、分类和比较,最后对流媒体代理缓存的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Accelerating dynamic Web content generation

As a middle-tier, server-side caching engine, the dynamic content accelerator reduces dynamic page-generation processing delays by caching fragments of dynamically generated Web pages. This fragment-level solution, combined with intelligent cache management strategies, can significantly reduce the processing load on the Web application server, letting it handle higher user loads and thus significantly outperforming existing middle-tier caching solutions.     

Efficient data distribution in a Web server farm

High-performance Web sites rely on Web server `farms', hundreds of computers serving the same content, for scalability, reliability, and low-latency access to Internet content. Deploying these scalable farms typically requires the power of distributed or clustered file systems. Building Web server farms on file systems complements hierarchical proxy caching. Proxy caching replicates Web content throughout the Internet, thereby reducing latency from network delays and off-loading traffic from the primary servers. Web server farms scale resources at a single site, reducing latency from queuing delays. Both technologies are essential when building a high-performance infrastructure for content delivery. The authors present a cache consistency model and locking protocol customized for file systems that are used as scalable infrastructure for Web server farms. The protocol takes advantage of the Web's relaxed consistency semantics to reduce latencies and network overhead. Our hybrid approach preserves strong consistency for concurrent write sharing with time-based consistency and push caching for readers (Web servers). Using simulation, we compare our approach to the Andrew file system and the sequential consistency file system protocols we propose to replace     

Web流量模型研究和应用

Web缓存技术是提高Web性能的一种有效方法,缓存管理是Web缓存技术的核心,研究Web访问特征的数学模型是有效进行Web缓存管理的基础。本文根据Web缓存流量访问特征建立数学模型,设计实现了Web缓存流量特征模拟生成器(WebTraffsim),利用两层代理缓存结构,对Web缓存流量的访问特征和性能进行测试,对Web缓存替换算法(LRU,LFU,LRV)进行了性能评价和分析。     

Web caching with consistent hashing

A key performance measure for the World Wide Web is the speed with which content is served to users. As traffic on the Web increases, users are faced with increasing delays and failures in data delivery. Web caching is one of the key strategies that has been explored to improve performance.An important issue in many caching systems is how to decide what is cached where at any given time. Solutions have included multicast queries and directory schemes.In this paper, we offer a new Web caching strategy based on consistent hashing. Consistent hashing provides an alternative to multicast and directory schemes, and has several other advantages in load balancing and fault tolerance. Its performance was analyzed theoretically in previous work; in this paper we describe the implementation of a consistent-hashing-based system and experiments that support our thesis that it can provide performance improvements.     

适应性Web缓存的研究

近年来,由于Web缓存技术对缓解因特网上热点现象的有效性,它已迅速得到了研究人员和业界的关注。适应性Web缓存(adaptive Web caching)由于能够根据用户的不同访问模式,自适应地调整热点数据在缓存系统中的分布,自动均衡整个缓存系统的负载,因而成为了缓存技术研究的一个新的热点。本文介绍了适应性Web缓存领域的研究状况,详细分析了基于组播和基于单播这两种主要的适应性缓存技术。最后,指出了适应性Web缓存研究存在的问题和值得进一步改进的方向。     

一个基于集中管理的协作式Web缓存系统

共享不同代理的缓存Web文档是减少通信量和减轻网络瓶颈的重要方法。在分析原有Web缓存通信协议（ICP）的基础上,提出了一种新的协作Web缓存系统（CMCS）并作了分析比较。通过将HTTP请求均匀分散到系统各个代理,消除了代理之间庞大的通信开销以及由此带来的处理负担。在动态变化的网络环境下,有效地将各个代理组织起来,处理来自服务器的文档。另外也克服了以往每个代理里有大量冗余内容,造成各个代理内容趋向的情形。     

Alternative Architectures and Protocols for Providing Strong Consistency in Dynamic Web Applications

Dynamic Web applications have gained a great deal of popularity. Improving the performance of these applications has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the most important techniques proposed for this purpose is caching, which can be done at different locations and within different stages of the process of generating a dynamic Web page. Most of the caching schemes proposed in literature are lenient about the issue of consistency; they assume that users can tolerate receiving stale data. However, an important class of dynamic Web applications are those in which users always expect to get the freshest data available. Any caching scheme has to incur a significant overhead to be able to provide this level of consistency (i.e., strong consistency); the overhead may be so much that it neutralizes the benefits of caching. In this paper, three alternative architectures are investigated for dynamic Web applications that require strong consistency. A proxy caching scheme is designed and implemented, which performs caching at the level of database queries. This caching system is used in one of the alternative architectures. The performance experiments show that, despite the high overhead of providing strong consistency in database caching, this technique can improve the performance of dynamic Web applications, especially when there is a long network latency between clients and the (origin) server.     

Web访问特征模型建模

Web访问特征模型建模是进行有效Web缓存管理的基础。该文根据Web访问的四个典型特征建立综合的数学模型,实现了Web访问特征建模生成器(WebGenM),实验表明模拟器能较好地模拟网络访问流的特征,而且易于使用,具有较大的灵活性,其为进一步的Web缓存和预取技术的研究提供了重要依据。     

Web缓存流量特征模型研究和应用

根据Web缓存流量访问特征建立数学模型,设计实现了Web缓存流量特征模拟生成器（WebSimGen）。利用两层代理缓存结构、基于ADF（Aggregation、Disaggregation和Filtering）模型对Web缓存流量的访问特征和性能进行测试,实验表明模拟日志具有和真实日志类似的访问特性。Web生成器具有较大的灵活性,能够克服真实日志的一些缺点,为进一步提高Web缓存性能和预取技术提供了重要依据。     

Semantic cache mechanism for heterogeneous Web querying

In Web-based searching systems that access distributed information providers, efficient query processing requires an advanced caching mechanism to reduce the query response time. The keyword-based querying is often the only way to retrieve data from Web providers, and therefore standard page-based and tuple-based caching mechanisms turn out to be improper for such a task. In this work, we develop a mechanism for efficient caching of Web queries and the answers received from heterogeneous Web providers. We also report results of experiments and show how the caching mechanism is implemented in the Knowledge Broker system.     

信息中心网络中缓存技术研究综述

因特网中日益增长的内容获取需求促使学术界提出了多种以信息为中心的未来网络架构。这类架构将以主机为中心的通信模式转变为以内容为中心。信息中心网络（ICN）最重要的特征之一是利用内置缓存减少用户获取内容的时延、节省网络带宽和缓解网络拥塞。与传统的内容分发网络（CDN）、对等网络（P2P）和Web缓存系统相比,ICN缓存系统呈现出一系列的新特征。分析了缓存新特征对ICN研究带来的挑战;从多方面重点阐述了ICN缓存的优化方法,详细分析对比了不同缓存策略;指出了未来研究方向并总结全文。     

Web缓存服务器技术研究与应用

Web缓存服务器系统正在Internet及局域网上广泛地应用,对它所采用的技术做了较深入的讨论,指出利用Web Cache技术,可减少网络流量,节约资金,提高带宽利用率;同时在Cache服务器端进行内容分析过滤,可提高过滤质量和效率,有效防止有害信息的进一步传播。     

Web强缓存一致性的研究

Web对象缓存技术是一种减少web服务器访问通信量和访问延迟的重要手段。Web缓存的引入虽然大大减轻了服务器负载,降低了网络拥塞,减少了客户端访问的延迟等优点,但同时也带来缓存的一致性问题,这样使客户端获得web的数据可能不是最新的版本。该文通过分析现有的缓存一致性方针,提出了一个应适于web的强缓存一致性算法。     

FPTC:一种信息中心物联网缓存策略

信息中心网络(information-centricnetworking,ICN)作为一种新型未来互联网体系结构应运而生,并广泛应用于物联网领域,其中,缓存技术作为ICN的显著特征,对信息中心物联网的内容传输性能具有重要影响.由于信息中心物联网具有数据频繁更新、用户对数据新鲜度有严格要求等特性,致使传统信息中心网络缓存技术面临挑战.提出一种基于内容流行度和网络拓扑的分布式缓存策略,同时考虑内容新鲜度,各缓存节点通过优先缓存流行度较高且较靠近用户的内容,以最大化缓存效率.为适应物联网内容的频繁更新,提出一种基于灰色预测的内容缓存收益预测方法,便于快速获取新内容的缓存收益值.同时,该策略具有较低的时间和空间开销.仿真实验结果表明:所提方案相比于传统缓存策略,能有效提高缓存效率和命中率,并降低访问延迟,改善用户体验.