摩擦电喷镀Ni–Co–MoS2复合镀层结构与摩擦学性能

采用摩擦电喷镀技术制备Ni–Co–MoS2 复合镀层,系统试验研究了复合镀层结构与摩擦学性能.结果表明,含MoS2微粒的复合镀层与基体结合良好,基质金属密实,无明显裂纹,MoS2微粒均匀地分散在镀层中,MoS2微粒的加入,可有效改善镀层的耐磨性.     

Sliding wear characteristics of solid lubricant coating on titanium alloy surface modified by laser texturing and ternary hard coatings

Titanium alloys are poor in wear resistance and it is not suitable under sliding conditions even with lubrication because of its severe adhesive wear tendency. The surface modifications through texturing and surface coating were used to enhance the surface properties of the titanium alloy substrate. Hard and wear resistant coatings such as TiAlN and AlCrN were applied over textured titanium alloy surfaces with chromium as interlayer. To improve the friction and wear resisting performance of hard coatings further, solid lubricant, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), was deposited on dimples made over hard coatings. Unidirectional sliding wear tests were performed with pin on disc contact geometry, to evaluate the tribological performance of coated substrates. The tests were performed under three different normal loads for a period of 40 min at sliding velocity of 2 m/s. The tribological behaviours of multi-layer coatings such as coating structure, friction coefficient and specific wear rate were investigated and analyzed. The lower friction coefficient of approximately 0.1 was found at the early sliding stage, which reduces the material transfer and increases the wear life. Although, the friction coefficient increased to high values after MoS₂ coating was partially removed, substrate was still protected against wear by underlying hard composite layer.     

Effective solution for the tribological problems of Ti-6Al-4V: Combination of laser surface texturing and solid lubricant film

Titanium alloys are characterized by poor tribological properties, and the traditional use of titanium alloys has been restricted to nontribological applications. Surface texturing has been recognized as an effective means of surface engineering to improve tribological properties of sliding surfaces. In this study, the patterns of micro-dimple with different dimples density were fabricated on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V by using laser. The effect of dimples density on the friction behavior of the titanium alloy was investigated under dry friction and coated MoS₂. The results showed that the textured surface with higher dimples density had lower friction coefficients only at low load and speed under dry friction. When combining the solid lubricant with dimples, some textured samples showed excellent tribological performance for all applied loads. The optimum surface pattern was found, and the mechanisms for friction reduction and anti-wear were discussed.     

Improving tribological behavior of friction stir processed A413/SiCp surface composite using MoS2 lubricant particles

The effect of MoS₂ lubricant particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological behavior of A413/SiC_p surface composite, fabricated via friction stir processing (FSP), was studied. For this purpose, the FSP was carried out with tool rotational speed of 1600 r/min, tool travel speed of 25 mm/min and tool tilt angle of 3° through only a “single pass”. The optical and scanning electron microscopies, microhardness and reciprocating wear tests were used to characterize the samples. The results showed that the addition of MoS₂ lubricant particles to A413/SiC_p surface composite leads to the decrease of friction coefficient and mass loss. In fact, the generation of mechanically mixed layer (MML) containing MoS₂ lubricant particles in A413/SiC_p/MoS_2p surface hybrid composite results in the reduction of metal-to-metal contact and subsequently leads to the improvement of tribological behavior.     

Computer controlled detonation spraying of WC/Co coatings containing MoS2 solid lubricant

Composite WC/Co + MoS₂ coatings were deposited onto steel substrates by Computer Controlled Detonation Spraying using three spraying modes: very cold, cold and normal. Maximal content of MoS₂ in a sprayed powder was 10 wt.%. Characterization of coatings was made with chemical and phase analyses, microhardness measurement, morphology and microstructure investigation. X-ray diffraction study shows that residual MoS₂ exists only in coatings obtained at very cold and cold spraying modes. At normal spraying mode complete decomposition of the solid lubricant occurs during spraying. From the engineering point of view, the coating applied at the cold mode using a powder containing 10 wt.% MoS₂ is the most promising. Such a coating has microhardness of 650 HV_0.2 and a porosity of 10%.     

Mechanical and tribological properties of sputter deposited nanostructured Cr-WS2 solid lubricant coatings

Solid lubricant coatings of WS₂ and Cr-WS₂ (15-50 at.% Cr) prepared using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system were evaluated for their mechanical and tribological properties. Nanoindentation results indicated that addition of Cr helped in improving the mechanical properties and the elastic recovery ability of Cr-WS₂ coatings. The adhesive strengths of Cr-WS₂ coatings were evaluated using a nanoscratch tester and from the nanoscratch profiles, critical load values and optical images, it was evident that the adhesion of Cr-WS₂ coatings increased with an increase in the Cr content. Further analysis of the nanoscratch data indicated that WS₂ coatings exhibited large amount of plastic deformation compared to Cr-WS₂ coatings which showed a combination of elastic-plastic deformation. However, micro-tribometer measurements at a load of 2 N showed that the tribological properties of Cr-WS₂ coatings deteriorated with an increase in the Cr content. For example, Cr-WS₂ coatings prepared at Cr content ≥ 33 at.% failed after a sliding distance of 1 m. On the other hand, WS₂ and Cr-WS₂ coatings prepared at low Cr contents (15-23 at.% Cr) exhibited a stable friction coefficient (50-60% relative humidity) in the range of 0.10-0.13 for a sliding distance of 14 m. Micro-Raman spectroscopy data of the worn films taken after a sliding distance of 14 m indicated the presence of WS₂ transfer films for WS₂ and Cr-WS₂ coatings prepared at low Cr contents. For Cr-WS₂ coatings with Cr content ≥ 33 at.%, the worn films consisted predominantly of WO₃. After an extended sliding distance of 50 m, Cr-WS₂ coatings (15-23 at.% Cr) outperformed WS₂ coating which failed after 20 m. Further, the coatings prepared at low Cr contents did not show any failure even after a sliding distance of 200 m. At a higher load of 7 N, Cr-WS₂ coating with 15 at.% Cr exhibited the best performance with a friction coefficient of 0.07 up to a sliding distance of 72 m. These results indicate that the amount of Cr in the WS₂ matrix needs to be controlled judiciously to obtain improved mechanical and tribological properties in Cr-WS₂ solid lubricant coatings.     

用于超级电容器电极材料的MoS2/CoS2二元复合材料

采用"一步水热法"合成了不同原料配比的MoS2/CoS2二元复合材料,并研究了其用作超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。研究结果显示,当原料中Mo:Co (摩尔比)=2:1时,该复合材料具有最优的循环稳定性能和最高的比电容,在2 mV/s扫描速度下,比电容为549 F/g;或1A/g电流密度下,比电容为434 F/g。微观结构分析表明,该复合材料主要由八面体形状的CoS2和花状的MoS2组成。综合分析可知,优异的电化学性能主要归因于2种组元材料的协同效应、大的比表面积以及可调控的组分含量等因素。     

马来酸酐对二硫化钼粉体的表面改性研究

二硫化钼(MoS2)是一类常用的无机耐磨填料,将其填充到聚合物基复合材料中之前,为提高其与聚合物之间的界面相容性,并防止发生团聚而影响分散性,需要对其进行表面改性.采用马来酸酐(MA)为改性刺,对MoS2粉体进行表面改性研究.改性后的MoS2粉体在非极性溶剂中的分散性提高,其悬浮液离心分离后,上层清液的浊度从215提高到234,活化指数从0.42提高到0.8,吸油量从0.68mL/g降为0.31mL/g,透水时间明显延长,表明改性后的MoS2粉体亲油性提高.探讨了改性机理,并采用FT-IR及XRD进行了结构表征,结果表明:MA水解产物中的羧基与MoS2表面的羟基生成氢键,并定向包覆在MoS2微粒表面上,而酯基具有亲油疏水性.     

Structure, morphology and chemical composition of sputter deposited nanostructured Cr-WS2 solid lubricant coatings

WS₂ and Cr-WS₂ nanocomposite coatings were deposited at different Cr contents (approximately 15-50 at.%) on silicon and mild steel substrates using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the structure of Cr-WS₂ coatings and the bonding structure of the coatings was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization of different phases present in Cr-WS₂ coatings was carried out using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The XPS and Raman data indicated the formation of a thin layer of WO₃ on the surface of Cr-WS₂ coatings and the intensity of the oxide phase decreased with an increase in the Cr content, which was also confirmed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis results. The surface morphologies of WS₂ and Cr-WS₂ coatings were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy. It has been demonstrated that incorporation of Cr in WS₂ strongly influences the structure and morphology of Cr-WS₂ coatings. The XRD and FESEM results suggested that increase in the Cr content of Cr-WS₂ coatings resulted in a structural transition from a mixture of nanocrystalline and amorphous phases to a complete amorphous phase. The cross-sectional FESEM data of WS₂ coating showed a porous and columnar microstructure. For the Cr-WS₂ coatings, a mixture of columnar and featureless microstructure was observed at low Cr contents (≤ 23 at.%), whereas, a dense and featureless microstructure was observed at high Cr contents. Detailed cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of Cr-WS₂ coatings prepared at Cr content ≤ 23 at.% indicated the presence of both nanocrystalline (near the interface) and amorphous phases (near the surface). Furthermore, high-resolution TEM data obtained from the nanocrystalline region showed inclusion of traces of amorphous phase in the nanocrystalline WS₂ phase. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that the corrosion resistance of Cr-WS₂ coatings was superior to that of the uncoated mild steel substrate and the corrosion rate decreased with an increase in the Cr content.     

铝/镀银层/钢的扩散钎焊及界面化合物的生长行为

采用扩散钎焊方法对6063铝合金/镀银层/1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行焊接,探讨焊接界面金属间化合物的生长行为。结果表明:钎缝中靠近不锈钢一侧为Fe-Al金属间化合物层,靠近铝合金一侧主要是Ag(Al)固溶体,中心区域由Ag-Al化合物和Ag(Al)固溶体混合而成;随着低温扩散保温时间的延长,化合物层厚度随之增加,Ag在铝合金一侧富集出现晶界渗透现象;钎缝中首先产生Ag-Al金属间化合物,之后共晶液相中的Al原子穿越Ag-Al金属间化合物层和残余镀银层扩散至不锈钢一侧,与Fe原子生成Fe-Al金属间化合物;在任意给定的扩散钎焊低条件下,可以对化合物层厚度进行初步估算。     

激光熔覆制备MoS2/Ni基自润滑复合涂层组织及磨损性能

通过在镍基合金中添加MoS2固体自润滑相,利用激光熔覆技术在20CrMo钢基材表面制备MoS2/Ni基复合涂层,获得与基体冶金结合且无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的熔覆层.使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对激光熔覆层组织、成分进行表征,用MMG-10型高温高速摩擦磨损试验机对MoS2/Ni基涂层的摩擦性能进行测试.研究结果表明,在试验温度20～800 ℃范围内,复合自润滑涂层的摩擦系数比Ni基合金涂层显著降低,随MoS2含量增加,摩擦系数呈降低趋势;在MoS2同含量的复合材料中,其摩擦系数随试验温度升高呈先降后升的趋势,含8%MoS2复合自润滑涂层的摩擦系数,在600 ℃时达到最小值0.2.     

Textured VN coatings with Ag3VO4 solid lubricant reservoirs

Silver oxovanadate powders were produced using a low temperature hydrothermal synthesis method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman microscopy revealed the formation of the α-Ag₃VO₄ phase, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the powders underwent phase changes with the increase of temperature (formation of Ag-deficient phases). Ag₃VO₄ precipitates were subsequently investigated as potential high temperature solid lubricant (SL) powders that may be burnished onto textured surfaces. Textured coatings were produced by the sputter deposition of vanadium nitride (VN) thin films, followed by the fabrication of a periodic array of micro-scale dimples with reactive ion etching (RIE). The etched patterns acted as reservoirs to replenish the sliding contact with solid lubricants. The effectiveness of this new design of high temperature tribological coating was tested using a pin-on-desk tribotester. A significant decrease in the wear rate and coefficient of friction (CoF) was achieved at high temperatures (750 °C) and was maintained as a result of the storage of the Ag₃VO₄ phase in the dimples. After wear testing, Raman spectroscopy and XRD were used to identify the phase composition developed as a result of tribotesting. It was found that the burnished powders were more effective in enhancing the tribological properties of textured films compared to burnished/un-burnished monolithic VN coatings.     

WS2／MoS2／C复合薄膜的磨损性能研究

采用磁控溅射法,使用WS2/MoS2复合靶材,通过与乙炔气体反应溅射,制备WS2/MoS2/C复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射对薄膜的成分结构进行分析,采用MFT-4000 材料表面性能试验仪在室温大气环境(相对湿度60%)下评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能,使用Axio CSM 700共聚焦显微镜观察WS2/MoS2/C复合薄膜磨损表面磨痕形貌,结果表明,WS2/MoS2/C复合薄膜结构致密,在潮湿大气中抗磨损性能比MoS2磁控溅射薄膜有显著提高,在30min往复摩擦后复合薄膜未发生磨屑脱落.     

钛合金表面MoS2/TiN复合涂层的摩擦性能研究

采用复合处理的工艺方法,在Ti-6Al—4V合金表面制备复合涂层。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪分析复合涂层表面相结构、表面及截面微观形貌和沿截面各元素分布状态。对不同处理后的截面硬度梯度进行了分析比较,在MM-200磨损实验机上测定了复合涂层的摩擦性能。结果显示,复合涂层是由单质的Ti,Mo和MoS2,TiN以及过渡层组成,在干摩擦、纯滑动的条件下摩擦性能优良。     

球形SiO2表面Ag纳米粒子生长及其拉曼增强效应

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为还原剂和稳定剂制备SiO2/Ag纳米复合材料,分析银氨络离子的浓度对银纳米粒子的影响,采用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对SiO2/Ag复合材料进行表征,并研究以SiO2/Ag为基底的表面拉曼散射增强。结果表明,银纳米颗粒以多晶形式沉积在球形二氧化硅表面,通过调节银氨络离子的浓度可以改变Ag纳米颗粒的大小及其在SiO2上的沉积量;当银的沉积量增加时,表面拉曼散射也随之增强。     

球形SiO2表面Ag纳米粒子生长及其拉曼增强效应

针对粉末冶金铍铝合金开展了微屈服行为的研究;利用SEM、TEM研究了合金在微屈服过程中不同形变量下两相的位错形态变化和断口组织特征.结果表明:合金的微屈服强度较低;铍相在未发生微屈服至发生2个微应变时(2×10-6),位错很难发现;79个微应变时,晶内晶界均出现位错;121个微应变时,位错扩大运动连接成折线状;500个微应变时,位错缠结;拉伸断裂后,晶内的位错线被拉直,晶界附近区域的位错数量减少.与铍相不同,铝相在未屈服前,就已出现少量位错;2个微应变时,基体大面积发生塑性应变;当微应变增至79个时,在外载荷和热残余应力的驱动下,铝域内的位错聚集在界面处,致使位错切入铍相内,降低铍相的形变抗力.铍铝合金的断裂模式为脆性铍相的解理断裂和韧性铝相的韧窝断裂构成的混合型断裂.     

表面微坑复合MoS2镍基涂层及摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 为解决硬质涂层抗磨与减摩性能难以兼顾的难题,提出并制备出具有优异减摩耐磨性能的表面微坑复合MoS2镍基涂层结构,为抗磨减摩性能统一的涂层设计提供重要依据。方法 以42CrMo轴承钢为基体,采用两种加工方法(在42CrMo轴承钢表面采用激光熔覆制备镍基涂层,在涂层表面电火花加工微坑织构)制备表面微坑复合MoS2镍基涂层,通过球-盘摩擦磨损试验(GCr15对磨球)分别测试3种载荷(2、4、6 N)下42CrMo轴承钢、42CrMo轴承钢表面镍基涂层和表面微坑复合MoS2镍基复合涂层试样的摩擦学性能,并通过先进测试技术(XRD、SEM)分析复合涂层的组织结构及磨痕微观形貌。结果 在不同载荷工况下,镍基涂层的磨损率远小于42CrMo轴承钢,表面微坑复合MoS2镍基涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率均小于镍基涂层和42CrMo轴承钢,在4 N载荷工况下,镍基-MoS2复合涂层具有最低摩擦因数,达到0.36,磨损率为7.41×10^?7 mm³/(N.m),比镍基涂层试样(26.621 0^?7 mm³/(N.m))降低了72.09%。结论 表面微坑复合MoS2镍基涂层结构中涂层与环氧树脂粘结MoS2固体润滑剂可独立高效发挥自身耐磨、减摩特性,并在不同载荷下发挥协同作用,两种方法复合处理能得到具有良好减摩耐磨性能的表面。     

Synthesis of Flowerlike MoS2/CoNi Composites for Enhancing Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

The hierarchical MoS₂/CoNi composites were successfully synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method. The large surface area of the MoS₂ enhances the dispersivity of the CoNi nanoparticles and the formation of abundant MoS₂/CoNi interfaces, which make an important contribution to the dielectric loss, and the introduction of the CoNi improves impedance matching and introduces magnetic loss, which can improve the absorption performance to electromagnetic waves. Through the calculation of the electromagnetic parameters, the minimum reflection loss (RL) value of the MoS₂/CoNi composites achieves -41.44 dB at 13.53 GHz under a thickness of 2.0 mm and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (RL below -10 dB) is 5.6 GHz. The MoS₂/CoNi composite has the potential to be applied to microwave absorption due to its strong absorption and wide bandwidth.     

钛合金表面MoS2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层固体润滑膜的制备及其抗微动磨损性能

目的改善钛合金表面抗微动磨损性能。方法利用非平衡磁控溅射技术在钛合金表面沉积MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层固体润滑膜,并与MoS_2-Ti与Cu-Ni-In单层固体润滑膜进行对比。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、表面轮廓仪对固体润滑薄膜的形貌、硬度、抗微动磨损性能、磨痕形貌进行分析测试。结果所制备的Cu-Ni-In单层膜与MoS_2-Ti单层膜结构致密,与基体结合良好,MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜交替结构清晰,结构致密。MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜的硬度大于MoS_2-Ti及Cu-Ni-In单层膜,多层膜的平均微动系数为0.06,MoS_2-Ti单层膜的平均微动系数为0.102,Cu-Ni-In单层膜的平均微动系数大于1.0。在12 000个微动循环周期后,测得MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜的最终磨损总量为0.045 mm~3,Cu-Ni-In单层膜的最终磨损总量为37.79 mm~3,MoS_2-Ti单层膜的最终磨损总量为0.296 mm~3,即多层膜的抗微动磨损性能较Cu-Ni-In单层膜改善了2个数量级,较MoS_2-Ti单层膜改善了5倍以上。结论 MoS_2-Ti/Cu-Ni-In多层膜中的多个界面对单层晶粒生长起到了阻挡作用,从而致使交替结构中的单层晶粒得到细化,Cu-Ni-In膜的引入延缓了MoS_2-Ti膜的剥落及其转移,增加了不锈钢球与多层膜间第三体的润滑及减磨效果,多层膜表现出了优异的抗微动磨损性能。     

3D MoS2/graphene nanoflowers as anode for advanced lithium-ion batteries

Vertical MoS₂ nanosheets were controllably patterned onto graphene as nanoflowers through a two-step hydrothermal method. The interconnected network and intimate contact between MoS₂ nanosheets and graphene by vertical channels enabled a high mechanical integrity of electrode and cycling stability. In particular, MoS₂/graphene nanoflowers anode delivered an ultrahigh specific capacity of 901.8 mA·h/g after 700 stable cycles at 1000 mA/g and a corresponding capacity retention as 98.9% from the second cycle onwards.