Growth and characterization of L-Glycine thiourea nonlinear optical single crystal for optoelectronic applications

l-Glycine thiourea single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST). The cell parameters were estimated from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and it was found that the material crystallized in the orthorhombic symmetry with space group P2₁2₁2₁ and the theoretical data were estimated. The powder X-ray analysis proved its crystalline nature without the formation of secondary phases. The presence of functional groups and the nature of bonds appearing in the material were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. Optical constants were estimated by UV–Visible spectrum and the lower cut off wavelength was observed at 200 nm. The scanning electron microscope analysis has been carried out to determine the surface morphology of the grown crystal. Energy dispersive spectrum was done to confirm the composition of elements present in the title material. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency was done by Kurtz powder technique and the conversion efficiency was compared with KDP crystal of the title compound. Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility was measured using z-scan technique and it was found that the crystal has a positive refractive index which is self focusing in nature. The obtained results showed that l-glycine thiourea crystals are potential materials for NLO device fabrication.     

Investigation of optical,thermal and mechanical studies on semi organic nonlinear optical diaquabis(L-lactato)magnesium (DLLM) single crystal for optoelectronic devices applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The Diaquabis(L-lactato)magnesium (DLLM) single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The lattice...     

Synthesis,crystal growth and characterization of novel semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal: Dichlorobis(l-proline)zinc(II)

Single crystals of the semiorganic material, dichlorobis(l-proline)zinc(II) (DCBPZ), were grown from aqueous solution. The grown crystals were tested by single crystal X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectrometry, FT-IR, UV–vis and TG–DTA. The structural prefection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) rocking curve measurements. The dielectric and mechanical behavior of the specimen was also studied. The SHG efficiency of DCBPZ is three times greater than that of KDP. Measuring transmittance of DCBPZ permitted the calculation of the refractive index n, the extinction coefficient K and both the real ?_r and imaginary ?_i components of the dielectric constant as functions of photon energy. The optical band gap of DCBPZ is 4.8 eV.     

Growth, structural, optical, thermal and mechanical properties of glycine zinc chloride single crystal

The nonlinear optical single crystals of glycine zinc chloride were grown by the slow cooling method from aqueous solution. The title compound was synthesized and purified by repeated recrystallization process. Grown crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analysis. The range and percentage of optical transmission were ascertained by recording UV-Vis-NIR spectrum. Thermal properties were investigated by DTA and TGA analyses. Its second harmonic generation relative efficiency was measured by Kurtz and Perry powder technique using Nd:YAG laser and was observed to be 0.5 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Its mechanical hardness was estimated by Vickers microhardness method.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,optical and third order nonlinear optical properties of phosphoric acid pyridine-1-ium-2-carboxylate

A semi-organic nonlinear optical material phosphoric acid pyridine-1-ium-2-carboxylate (PAPC) crystal has been synthesized and grown. Vibrational spectral analysis and NMR spectral analysis has been carried out. Mechanical studies on the grown crystal has been performed which disclose the material belongs to soft materials category. The thermal behaviour of the grown crystal has been investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. UV–Visible spectral analysis has been carried out which reveals that the grown crystal is transparent in the entire visible region with the lower cut-off wavelength of 298 nm and the derived optical constant attests the suitability of this material for non-linear optical applications. The third order nonlinearity has been studied by z-scan method and the enhanced third-order nonlinearity shows PAPC is a potential material for device applications. Second harmonic generation efficiency has been studied by Kurtz and Perry powder test and is found as 0.14 times greater than the KDP.     

Materials synthesis,crystal growth and third nonlinear optical properties of semiorganic crystal: 4-dimethylaminopyridine lithium nitrate (DMAPLN) crystal

4-dimethylaminopyridine lithium nitrate crystal (4-DMAPLN) was synthesized by the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The titular crystal was subjected to various studies to recognize its physicochemical properties. The crystalline nature and orthorhombic crystal system were revealed by single crystal and powder XRD. FTIR spectroscopy study confirms the various modes of vibrations available in the titular crystal. Linear optical studies show the lower cut-off wavelength of 280 nm with an optical bandgap value (E_g) of 4.3 eV. The electrical behavior of the 4-DMAPLN crystal was studied using dielectric studies. The mechanical behavior of the grown crystal was analyzed using the Vicker’s microhardness study, revealing that the grown crystal belongs to the hard category. The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of 4-DMAPLN crystal was measured using Kurtz–Perry powder techniques and it was found to be 1.17 times higher than reference KDP. Z-scan analysis reveals 4-DMAPLN is a suitable candidate for optical limiting applications.

     

Growth, thermal and mechanical properties of new nonlinear optical barium bis-paranitrophenolate paranitrophenol tetrahydrate single crystal

Barium bis paranitrophenolate paranitrophenol tetrahydrate, a new semiorganic nonlinear optical single crystal has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature of 30 °C. Crystal of dimensions of 29 mm × 11 mm × 5 mm was obtained in a period of 30 days. X-ray diffraction analysis reveal the newness of the crystal structure belonging to the orthorhombic class with lattice parameters a = 19.899(5) Å, b = 28.019(8) Å, c = 10.745(4) Å and α = β = γ = 90°. The grown crystal is examined for its nonlinear optical nature with Kurtz powder technique after being sieved for particle sizes between 5 and 100 μm and analyzed for its thermal and mechanical properties. The effective nonlinear optical coefficient being 16 times greater than that of KDP crystal, good thermal stability up to 120 °C with the Meyer's constant n < 2 helps fashion the crystal towards device geometry.     

Growth and dielectric,mechanical, thermal and etching studies of an organic nonlinear optical l-arginine trifluoroacetate (LATF) single crystal

l-arginine trifluoroacetate, an organic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized from aqueous solution. Bulk single crystal of dimension 57 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm has been grown by temperature lowering technique. Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the monoclinic structure of the grown l-arginine trifluoroacetate crystal. Linear optical property of the grown crystal has been studied by UV–vis spectrum. Dielectric response of the l-arginine trifluoroacetate crystal was analysed for different frequencies and temperatures in detail. Microhardness study on the sample reveals that the crystal possesses relatively higher hardness compared to many organic crystals. Thermal analyses confirmed that the l-arginine trifluoroacetate material is thermally stable upto 212 °C. The etching studies have been performed to assess the perfection of the l-arginine trifluoroacetate crystal. Kurtz powder second harmonic generation test confirms the nonlinear optical properties of the as-grown l-arginine trifluoroacetate crystal.     

Solvent effect on the third order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting ability of betanin natural dye extracted from red beet root

We report on the solvent effect on the third order optical nonlinearity of betanin natural dye extracted from red beet root and their third order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have been studied using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The third order nonlinearity of these samples are dominated by nonlinear absorption, which leads to strong optical limiting and their strength is influenced by the solvent used, suggesting that betanin natural dyes are promising candidate for the development of photonic nonlinear optic devices.     

Synthesis,structural, topographical,linear and nonlinear optical,electrical and mechanical properties of Bisthiourea zinc acetate single crystal

Nonlinear optical material Bisthiourea Zinc Acetate (BTZA) was synthesized by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystals were characterised by Single crystal XRD and powder XRD studies. The presence of functional groups and the co-ordination of metal ions to Thiourea were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The UV-vis –NIR spectrum shows a low absorption in the entire visible and IR region. Optical band gap of the grown crystal was found to be 4.18 eV. The photoluminescence studies carried out and the crystal has blue emission. The Refractive Index was determined experimentally for the first time and found to be 1.508 for the incident wavelength of 632.8 nm. The second harmonic generation efficiency was determined using Kurtz and Perry powder technique and it was 0.7 times than that of the KDP crystal. Thermal properties were studied by thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Dielectric studies were carried out at different frequencies for various temperatures. The mechanical behaviour of the grown crystal was studied using Vickers micro hardness tester. The growth mechanism and surface features are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).     

非线性光学晶体MnHg(SCN)4(C2H6SO)2的热学和光学性质的测定

制备了一种新型非线性光学晶体二甲亚砜合硫氰酸汞锰(分子式MnHg(SCN)4(C2H6SO)2,简称MMTD).用热重法、差热分析法、差示扫描量热法、热机械分析法、分光光度法和红外光谱研究了它的热学和光学性质.MMTD晶体具有较好的物理化学稳定性.在27℃时,它的比热为699.5 J/mol·℃.晶体的热膨胀系数为α1=5.33×10-5/℃,α2=4.51×10-5/℃,α3=3.10×10-5/℃.MMTD晶体的截止波长为375nm;透光波段为375-2560 nm.MMTD晶体在标准紫光波长404nm的透过率为44.18%,高于硫氰酸汞锰(MMTC)晶体.     

Growth, thermal, dielectric and mechanical studies of triglycine zinc chloride, a semiorganic nonlinear optical material

Triglycine zinc chloride, a semiorganic material, has been grown by slow solvent evaporation technique from a mixture of aqueous solution of glycine and zinc chloride in 2:1 molar ratio at room temperature. The grown crystal is up to the dimension of 45 × 23 × 18 mm³. Characterization of the crystals was made using single-crystal X-ray diffraction for obtaining unit cell parameters. Powder X-ray diffraction was recorded and the major peaks were indexed. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were carried out for the as grown crystals to determine the thermal stability of the crystal. The crystals were further characterized by UV-Vis-NIR transmission spectrum in the range of 200 to 1100 nm. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss measurements were carried out at different temperatures and frequencies. Mechanical studies were carried out on the as grown crystal.     

Studies on synthesis,growth and characterization of a novel third order nonlinear optical 4-Dimethylaminopyridinium p-Toluenesulfonate single crystal

Good quality single crystals of 4-Dimethylaminopyridinium p-Toluenesulfonate (4DMAPPTS) possessing third order nonlinearity were grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 4DMAPPTS belongs to monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group P2₁/n. FT-IR spectral studies were carried out to identify the functional groups present in 4DMAPPTS. NMR spectral study confirms the molecular structure of the grown crystal. Dielectric measurements were made over a wide range of frequencies for different temperatures. The grown crystal was subjected to Vickers microhardness test to study the mechanical property. The etching studies reveal the growth pattern and dislocations present in the grown title crystal. The important optical parameters such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and optical band gap were estimated from UV–Visible spectral analysis. The negative third order nonlinear optical parameters like refractive index (n₂), absorption coefficient (β) and susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) were estimated by Z-scan studies.     

蓝紫光倍频晶体ZCTC晶体生长与透过性质研究

硫氰酸锌镉（ZnCd(SCN）4），简称ZCTC，是自行研发的一种蓝紫光倍频晶体。通过恒温蒸发溶液来生长ZCTC晶体，测量了KSCN和ZCTC溶液的透过率曲线，发现SCN^-基因是影响ZCTC晶体紫外截止波长的主要因素。研究还发现ZCTC晶体（100）面的透过度更高于（001）面，通过化学镀膜可以减少晶体表面反射损耗。ZCTC晶体经180℃，24h烘烤后，在300-800nm之间透过率明显下降。     

Growth,thermal and optical properties of Yb:GdYAl3(BO3)4 crystal

Single crystal of Yb:GdYAl₃(BO₃)₄(Yb:GdYAB) has been grown by the flux method. The structure of Yb:GdYAB crystal has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The experiment show that the crystal has the same structure as that of YAl₃(BO₃)₄ crystal and its unit cell constants have been measured to be a = 9.30146 Å, c = 7.24164 Å, Vol = 542.59 Å³. The absorption and fluorescence spectrum of Yb:GdYAl₃(BO₃)₄ crystal have also been measured at room temperature. In the absorption spectra, there are two absorption bands at 938 nm and 974 nm, respectively, which is suitable for InGaAs diode laser pumping. In the fluorescence spectra, there are two fluorescence peaks at 992 and 1040 nm. The thermal properties of Yb:GdYAl₃(BO₃)₄ crystal have been studied for the first time. The thermal expansion coefficient along c-axis is almost 5.4 times larger than that along a-axis. The specific heat of the crystal has been measured to be 0.77 J/g °C at room temperature. The calculated thermal conductivity is 5.26 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ along a-direction.     

Growth,structural, optical,thermal and mechanical properties of morpholinium 3,5-Dinitrosalicylate single crystals for nonlinear optical applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - A novel third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) active organic adduct, morpholinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid M35DS was synthesized and single...     

Investigation on optical,thermal, mechanical,dielectric and ferroelectric properties of non linear optical single crystal guanidinium manganese sulphate

Semi organic nonlinear optical crystal of guanidinium manganese sulphate hydrate (GuMnS) was grown from its aqueous solution by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Formation of the crystalline compound was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD).The compound crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with space group Pī. The functional groups present in the crystal have been identified by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. UV–Vis–NIR spectral study indicates that the grown crystal is transparent in the entire visible region with a lower cut off wavelength 229 nm and the band gap value is found to be 5.06 eV. Nonlinear refractive index (n₂), absorption coefficient (β) and third order nonlinear susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) were determined using Z-scan technique. Thermo gravimetric and differential thermo gravimetric analyses (TG-DTG) were performed to analyse the thermal behaviour of the grown crystal. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were studied as a function of frequency of the applied field. The ferroelectric nature of the grown crystal was analysed by P–E hysteresis loop. The mechanical behaviour of the grown crystal was studied by Vickers’s micro hardness test. The laser induced surface damage threshold (LDT) of the grown crystal was found to be 1.157 GW/cm². The obtained results show that guanidinium manganese sulphate crystals are potential materials in NLO device applications.     

Synthesis,crystal growth,structural, spectral,thermal, mechanical,linear and nonlinear optical studies of organic single crystal 4-Iodo 4-nitrostilbene (IONS): A potential NLO material

An organic nonlinear optical material 4-Iodo 4-nitrostilbene (IONS) has been synthesized and good optical quality single crystal was grown from ethyl methyl ketone solvent by the solution growth technique. Single and powder X-ray diffraction analyses reveals that the grown crystal belongs to monoclinic crystal system with noncentrosymmetric space group ‘P2₁’ and it has good crystalline nature. Functional groups and molecular structure of the title compound were confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR respectively. The UV–Vis–NIR absorption study reveals no absorption in the visible region and the cut-off wavelength was found to be at 412.84 nm, TG/DTA, mass spectral analysis, photoluminescence and microhardness studies have been carried out for the grown crystals and results are discussed in detail. The second harmonic efficiency of the IONS was determined by Kurtz–Perry powder technique which reveals that the IONS crystal (3.1 V) has greater efficiency i.e., 143 times to that of KDP (21.7 mV).     

Enhanced optical limiting and nonlinear absorption properties of azoarene-appended phosphorus (V) tetratolylporphyrins

Optical limiting performance, third-order nonlinearity chi(3), and nonlinear absorption properties have been investigated in a new class of azoarene phosphorus (V) porphyrins with charge transfer (CT) states. The introduction of axial azoarene groups into the phosphorus porphyrin structure is found to reduce the limiting threshold by a factor of 2 and lead to a rise in the second hyperpolarizability by 1 order of magnitude in the picosecond time regime and by 2 orders of magnitude in the nanosecond regime. The experimental data show reverse saturation of absorption in the nanosecond time regime and a saturation of the nonlinear absorption above a fluence of 0.5 J/cm2 in the picosecond regime. The presence of the CT state reduces saturation of excited-state absorption (ESA) in the S1 --> Sn transition through the S1 --> CT transition. Faster CT --> T1 transition increases the ESA from T1 --> Tn states in the nanosecond regime. A self-consistent theoretical analysis based on rate equations is used to estimate the high-lying excited-state lifetimes and absorption cross sections from the experimental results.     

Preparation,characterization, thermal and third-order nonlinear optical properties of bis(tetraethylammonium)bis(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato)cuprate(II)

The preparation and characterization of bis(tetraethylammonium)bis(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato)cuprate(II), (I), are described. The thermal stability and thermal decomposition of (I) are studied both in air and under nitrogen flux. The nonlinear optical properties of (I) at 532 and 1064 nm are investigated by using the Z-scan technique with pulses of picoseconds duration. (I) exhibits self-defocusing effects at both wavelengths, strong saturable absorption at 532 nm and two-photon absorption at 1064 nm. The second molecular hyperpolarizability γ of (I) at 532 nm was estimated to be as high as 5.17 × 10^?31 esu. The origins have been analyzed and interpreted on the basis of crystal structure.