共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Huan Zhao Wanlin Wang Lejun Zhou Boxun Lu Youn-Bae Kang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(4):1510-1519
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of MnO on crystallization, melting, and heat transfer of lime-alumina-based mold flux used for high Al-TRIP steel casting, through applying the infrared emitter technique (IET) and the double hot thermocouple technique (DHTT). The results of IET tests showed that MnO could improve the general heat transfer rate through promoting the melting and inhibiting the crystallization of mold flux; meanwhile the radiative heat flux was being attenuated. DHTT experiments indicated that the crystallization fraction, melting temperature of mold flux decreased with the addition of MnO. The results of this study can further elucidate the properties of the CaO-Al2O3 slag system and reinforce the basis for the application of lime-alumina system mold fluxes for casting high Al steels. 相似文献
2.
Jian Yang Jianqiang Zhang Yasushi Sasaki Oleg Ostrovski Chen Zhang Dexiang Cai Yoshiaki Kashiwaya 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2018,49(6):3097-3106
The effect of MgO on crystallization and heat transfer of fluoride-free mold fluxes was studied using single/double-hot thermocouple technique (SHTT/DHTT) and infrared emitter technique (IET), respectively. SHTT experiments demonstrated that the increase of MgO concentration promoted the crystallization tendency of mold fluxes. XRD analysis showed that the dominant phases changed from CaSiO3 to CaSiO3/Ca2MgSi2O7/Ca11Si4B2O22, and to Ca2MgSi2O7 as the MgO content was increased. The heat flux across mold flux disks was reduced from 671 to 615 kW/m2 in IET experiments when MgO concentration was increased from 0.9 to 4.9 mass pct. 相似文献
3.
Cheng-Bin Shi Myung-Duk Seo Jung-Wook Cho Seon-Hyo Kim 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(3):1081-1097
Crystallization behaviors of the newly developed lime-alumina-based mold fluxes for high-aluminum transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels casting were experimentally studied, and compared with those of lime-silica-based mold fluxes. The effects of mold flux crystallization characteristics on heat transfer and lubrication performance in casting high-Al TRIP steels were also evaluated. The results show that the crystallization temperatures of lime-alumina-based mold fluxes are much lower than those of lime-silica-based mold fluxes. Increasing B2O3 addition suppresses the crystallization of lime-alumina-based mold fluxes, while Na2O exhibits an opposite effect. In continuous cooling of lime-alumina-based mold fluxes with high B2O3 contents and a CaO/Al2O3 ratio of 3.3, faceted cuspidine precipitates first, followed by needle-like CaO·B2O3 or 9CaO·3B2O3·CaF2. In lime-alumina-based mold flux with low B2O3 content (5.4 mass pct) and a CaO/Al2O3 ratio of 1.2, the formation of fine CaF2 takes place first, followed by blocky interconnected CaO·2Al2O3 as the dominant crystalline phase, and rod-like 2CaO·B2O3 precipitates at lower temperature during continuous cooling of the mold flux. In B2O3-free mold flux, blocky interconnected 3CaO·Al2O3 precipitates after CaF2 and 3CaO·2SiO2 formation, and takes up almost the whole crystalline fraction. The casting trials show that the mold heat transfer rate significantly decreases near the meniscus during the continuous casting using lime-alumina-mold fluxes with higher crystallinity, which brings a great reduction of surface depressions on cast slabs. However, excessive crystallinity of mold flux causes poor lubrication between mold and solidifying steel shell, which induces various defects such as drag marks on cast slab. Among the studied mold fluxes, lime-alumina-based mold fluxes with higher B2O3 contents and a CaO/Al2O3 ratio of 3.3 show comparatively improved performance. 相似文献
4.
Juan Wei Wanlin Wang Lejun Zhou Daoyuan Huang Huan Zhao Fanjun Ma 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(2):643-652
An investigation has been conducted to study the effect of Na2O and B2O3 on the crystallization behavior of low fluorine (F) mold powders for casting medium carbon (MC) steels in this article. The results of this study indicated that B2O3 tends to lower the crystallization temperature and increase crystallization incubation time of the low F powders; however, Na2O plays an opposite role compared with that of B2O3. The crystalline phase of Ca11Si4B2O22 was formed in Sample D2 [F = 3 pct, Na2O = 10 pct, B2O3 = 8 pct (in wt pct)], which exhibited the most similar crystallization behavior to that of cuspidine, such that Sample D2 showed closest crystallization kinetics to that of a conventional high-F mold slag for casting MC steels. The precipitated crystalline phases for all the samples have been analyzed and discussed in the article. 相似文献
5.
Wanlin Wang Jie Yu Lejun Zhou Zhaoyang Wu Huan Li 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2018,49(4):1580-1587
To compensate the negative effect caused by the absorption of chromium oxide inclusions during the casting process of Cr-contained steels, a new mold flux system has been designed and investigated. The melting temperature range of the newly designed mold flux system is from [1124 K to 1395 K (851 °C to 1122 °C)]. The viscosity at 1573 K (1300 °C) and the break temperature increase with the addition of MnO and Cr2O3 but decrease with the addition of B2O3. The crystalline fraction of mold flux decreases from 81 to 42.1 pct with the addition of MnO and Cr2O3, and then further decreases to 25.3 pct with the addition of B2O3; however, it improves from 54.4 to 81.5 pct when the basicity increases. Besides, the heat-transfer ability of mold flux is inverse to the crystallization ratio of the slag. The comprehensive study of the properties for the four designed mold fluxes suggests that the mold flux with 1.15 basicity-3.01 pct B2O3-1.10 pct MnO-2.10 pct Cr2O3 shows the best properties for the continuous casting of Cr-contained steels. 相似文献
6.
Wei Yan Weiqing Chen Carsten Lippold Hongcheng Xu 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2013,44(6):1466-1477
The heat-transfer behavior across mold fluxes for Invar alloy Fe-36Ni would introduce significant influence on the slab surface quality. A study on the heat-transfer property of mold flux film for Invar alloy Fe-36Ni was carried out by an interaction between laboratory simulation and field trial. The study results indicate that great effect on heat transfer across flux film is caused by chemical compositions of mold fluxes. An increase of basicity and CaF2 content suppresses heat transfer across flux film; heat transfer across flux film increases when the Al2O3 content increases from 4 pct to 8 pct but decreases when Al2O3 content is above 8 pct. The crystalline phases of both the conventional mold fluxes and the improved mold fluxes are all cuspidine phases. However, crystallization capability of the improved mold fluxes decreases as the result of the increase of basicity and CaF2 content as well as the decrease of Al2O3 content. The average thickness of flux film taken from mold is about 1.6 mm, and the crystalline fraction is only 21.4 pct. All these promote heat transfer across the flux film. The field trial of the improved mold fluxes shows that the properties of liquid slag are steady during continuous casting; comprehensive heat transfer across flux film meets the needs of continuous casting of Fe-36Ni. Border solidification structures of solidified shell are refined remarkably, and hot cracking gets avoidance eventually. 相似文献
7.
Lejun Zhou Wanlin Wang Daoyuan Huang Juan Wei Jin Li 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2012,43(4):925-936
The crystallization processes of mold fluxes for casting low-carbon (LC) and medium-carbon (MC) steels were investigated by using double hot thermocouple technology (DHTT) in this article. The results showed that the glass phase was first formed at the cold side thermocouple (CH-2), when the LC mold flux (mold flux for casting low-carbon steel) was exposed to the temperature gradient of 1773 K (1500 °C) to 1073 K (800 °C); then, the fine crystals were precipitated at the liquid/glass interface and grew toward glass and later on to liquid phase. However, the crystals were directly formed at CH-2 when MC flux (mold flux for casting medium-carbon steel) was under the same thermal gradient. The growth rate of MC flux crystals was much faster than that of LC ones. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses suggested that the crystals formed in LC mold flux were mainly dendritic cuspidine Ca4Si2O7F2, and the crystals formed from the liquid phase were larger than those from the glass. For MC mold flux, the earlier precipitated crystals were large dendritic Ca4Si2O7F2, whereas the later ones were composed of equiaxed Ca2Al2SiO7 crystals. The results of DHTT measurements were consistent with the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. 相似文献
8.
Myung-Duk Seo Cheng-Bin Shi Jung-Wook Cho Seon-Hyo Kim 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(5):1874-1886
The effects of basicity (CaO/SiO2), B2O3, and Li2O addition on the crystallization behaviors of lime-silica-based mold fluxes have been investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and single hot thermocouple technique. It was found that the crystallization temperature of cuspidine increased with increasing the basicity of mold fluxes. The crystallization of wollastonite was suppressed with increasing the mold flux basicity due to the enhancement of cuspidine crystallization. The addition of B2O3 suppresses the crystallization of mold flux. The crystallization temperature of mold flux decreases with Li2O addition. The size of cuspidine increases, while the number of cuspidine decreases with increasing mold flux basicity. The morphology of cuspidine in mold fluxes with lower basicity is largely dendritic. The dendritic cuspidine in mold fluxes is composed of many fine cuspidine crystals. On the contrary, in mold fluxes with higher basicity, the cuspidine crystals are larger in size with mainly faceted morphology. The crystalline phase evolution was also calculated using a thermodynamic database, and compared with the experimental results determined by DSC and XRD. The results of thermodynamic calculation of crystalline phase formation are in accordance with the results determined by DSC and XRD. 相似文献
9.
Kezhuan Gu Wanlin Wang Lejun Zhou Fanjun Ma Daoyuan Huang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2012,43(4):937-945
The basicity of mold flux has been recognized to have a significant influence on the mold flux crystallization in continuous casting, which would in turn affect the heat-transfer rate between the solidified shell and mold. The research regarding the mold flux crystallization as well as its effect on the heat transfer has been conducted intensively. However, few studies have been developed to specify the effect of basicity introduced mold flux crystallization on the radiative heat transfer and interfacial thermal resistance in continuous casting. By using an infrared radiation emitter, a radiative heat flux was applied to a copper mold covered with a solid mold flux disk to simulate the heat-transfer phenomena in continuous casting. The crystallization behaviors of mold fluxes with different basicities and their impact on the radiative heat transfer were investigated dynamically. The interfacial thermal resistance between the solid mold flux and copper mold was also studied in this article. The results suggested that the basicity tends to enhance the mold flux crystallization, leading to the reduction of radiative heat-transfer rate and enlargement of interfacial thermal resistance. 相似文献
10.
Boxun Lu Kun Chen Wanlin Wang Binbin Jiang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2014,45(4):1496-1509
With the development of advanced high strength steel (AHSS), a large amount of aluminum was added into steels. The reaction between aluminum in the molten steel and silica based mold flux in the continuous-casting process would tend to cause a series of problems and influence the quality of slabs. To solve the above problems caused by the slag–steel reaction, nonreactive lime-alumina-based mold flux system has been proposed. In this article, the effect of Li2O and Na2O on the crystallization behavior of the lime-alumina-silica-based mold flux has been studied by using the single hot thermocouple technology (SHTT) and double hot thermocouple technology (DHTT). The results indicated that Li2O and Na2O in the above mold flux system play different roles as they behaved in traditional lime-silica based mold flux, which would tend to inhibit general mold flux crystallization by lowering the initial crystallization temperature and increasing incubation time, especially in the high-temperature region. However, when their content exceeds a critical value, the crystallization process of mold fluxes in low temperature zone would be greatly accelerated by the new phase formation of LiAlO2 and Na x Al y Si z O4 crystals, respectively. The crystalline phases precipitated in all samples during the experiments are discussed in the article. 相似文献
11.
The in situ crystallization behavior of highly volatile commercial mold fluxes for medium carbon steels was investigated using the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) equipped with an optimized isolated observation system. The highly volatile compounds of the mold flux were suppressed during heating allowing direct observation in the CLSM. Cooling rates of 25, 50, 100, 400, and 800 K/min were incorporated and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams of 4 different commercial mold fluxes for medium carbon steels were developed. Identification of the crystalline phase was conducted with XRD and SEM–EDS analysis. A cuspidine crystalline was observed in all samples at various cooling rates. With higher basicity, CaF2, and NaF, the crystallization of the fluxes was enhanced according to the CCT diagram. As the slag structure becomes depolymerized, the diffusion rate of the cathodic ions seems to increase. 相似文献
12.
In high speed continuous casting of peritectic steel slabs, mold fluxes with high basicity are required for less surface defect product. However, the basicity of remaining liquid slag film tends to decrease in casting process because of the crystallization of 3CaO·2SiO2·CaF2. Thus, a way is put forward to improve mold fluxes′ properties by raising the original basicity. In order to confirm the possibility of this method, the effect of rising original basicity on the properties of mold fluxes is discussed. Properties of high fluorine based mold fluxes with different basicities and contents of CaF2, Na2O, and MgO were measured, respectively. Then, properties of higher basicity mold fluxes were discussed and compared with traditional ones. The results show that increasing the basicity index can improve the melting and flow property of mold fluxes. With the increasing basicity, crystallization rate of mold fluxes increases obviously and crystallization temperature tends to decrease when the basicity exceeds 1.35. The method presented before is proved as a potential way to resolve the contradiction between horizontal heat transfer controlling and solidified shell lubricating for peritectic steel slab casting. But further study on improving the flow property of liquid slag is needed. This work can be used to guide mold fluxes design for high speed continuous casting of peritectic steel slabs. 相似文献
13.
Lejun Zhou Huan Li Wanlin Wang Jiang Chang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2018,49(6):3019-3029
Crystallization of the solid glassy mold flux film occurring in the gap between the initial shell and mold wall is important, as it determines the in-mold heat transfer and mold lubrication during the process of continuous casting. In order to study the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of the glassy mold flux film in the continuous casting mold, the continuous heating transformation diagram, crystallization mechanism, and precipitate phases were investigated using the single hot thermocouple technique, kinetic models, a scanning electron microscope, and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the initial crystallization temperature for CaO-SiO2 based flux A ranges from [1086 K to 1147 K (813 °C to 874 °C)], which is lower than the case of CaO-Al2O3 based flux B ranging from [1205 K to 1245 K (932 °C to 972 °C)]. The crystallization kinetics for flux A are constant nucleation rate, two-dimensional growth, and control by diffusion. For flux B, they are constant nucleation rate, three-dimensional growth, and control by interface reaction. Besides, the EDS results indicate that the precipitate crystals in fluxes A and B are CaSiO3 and Ca2AlSiO4, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Lejun Zhou Wanlin Wang Chao Xu Chen Zhang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2017,48(4):2017-2026
Mold flux plays important roles in the process of continuous casting. In this article, the performance of mold flux for the casting of Cr12MoV steel was investigated by using a mold simulator. The results showed that the slag film formed in the gap between the initial shell and mold hot surface is thin and discontinuous during the casting process with the Flux BM, due to the absorption of chromic oxide inclusions into the liquid slag, while the slag film formed in the case of the optimized Flux NEW casting process is uniform. The main precipitated crystals in Flux BM slag film are cuspidine (Ca4Si2O7F2) and Cr3O4, but only Ca4Si2O7F2 precipitated in the Flux NEW case. Besides, both the responding temperature and heat flux in the case of Flux BM are relatively higher and fluctuate in a larger amplitude. The surface of the shell obtained in the case of the Flux BM experiment is quite uneven, and many severe depressions, cracks, and entrapped slags are observed in the surface due to the lack of lubrication. However, the obtained shell surface in the case of the Flux NEW shows good surface quality due to the addition of B2O3 and the adjustment of basicity, which can compensate for the negative effects of the mold-flux properties caused by the absorption of chromic oxide during the casting process. 相似文献
15.
The Effect of the Transition Metal Oxide Content of a Mold Flux on the Radiation Heat Transfer Rates
Heat transfer in the mold of a steel continuous casting machine strongly influences cast surface quality. Transition metal oxides have been widely used in mold slags in continuous casting to aid in liquid pool formation and enhance melting rates. Although a few research studies have been carried out to investigate the thermal properties of mold slags containing transition metal oxides, very few studies have directly correlated their effect on radiation heat transfer rate in continuous casting. This study investigates the radiation heat transfer rates across a mold flux film and determines the influence of the transition metal oxides, MnO and Fe2O3, on these rates. It is found that additions of 10% MnO or 5% Fe2O3 reduce the radiation heat transfer rate by approximately 25% and increase the adsorption coefficient from 400 to 1800 m?1. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2013,52(4):467-476
The melting behaviour of mould powder during continuous casting is an important consideration with respect to caster performance, production rate and steel quality. Two important factors, powder composition and carbon addition, are critical to control the properties and melting behaviour of the mould flux. In this study, the effect of different carbonaceous materials on the melting characteristics of mould powders was evaluated. Correlations were established between the structural factors and chemical reactivity of carbon and melting behaviour of mould flux. In addition, two examples are given of the effect of flux composition on casting performance for specific steels. A flux with reasonable basicity and additives was designed for the casting of heat-resistant steel (Incoloy 800) to reduce surface cracks. Another flux was designed for the casting of non-magnetic steel containing high aluminium by partially replacing SiO2 with Al2O3 to limit aluminium oxidation by SiO2. 相似文献
18.
P. Palai P. P. Sahoo Arghya Dey T. K. Roy V. V. Mahashabde 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2013,44(5):1185-1189
The alumina pickup in a range of mold fluxes used for continuous casting of aluminum (Al)-killed ultralow carbon, low carbon, and peritectic steel have been measured. The Al2O3 pickup in slag varies approximately from 7 to 12 pct and depends on the slag basicity. Significantly higher Al2O3 pickup reported in basic slags and polynomial relationship exists between them. The effect of chemical composition on microstructure evolution and Al2O3 partitioning during crystallization was identified in all three types of mold slags. The microsegregation of Al2O3 inclusions in the constituent phase of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 based slag film is presented. Constitutional segregation of Al2O3 inclusion in slag was found to affect the Al2O3 pickup phenomena during continuous casting. Segregation of alkalis like Na and K was also observed in an Si-rich interdendritic matrix, whereas F was retained in the dendrites of all the slags studied. The Al2O3 inclusion partitioning and interdendritic segregation in the mold slag is studied with metallographic evidence. 相似文献
19.
传统保护渣主要以CaO和SiO2为基料,辅以适量助熔剂如CaF2等构成;而无氟保护渣则是选用B2O3、TiO2等合适的助熔剂来替代CaF2达到绿色环保的目的。从保护渣的碱度、化学成分和结晶性能三方面,分别综述了传统含氟渣系CaO-SiO2-CaF2和新型无氟渣系CaO-SiO2-B2O3、CaO-SiO2-TiO2渣膜传热的影响规律,总结了近十年来冶金工作者对含氟和无氟保护渣渣膜传热的研究成果,得出无氟保护渣结晶矿相中硅硼酸钙和钙钛矿与传统保护渣中枪晶石具有相似的结晶行为,B2O3和TiO2的含量在4%~8%和3%~11%可有效控制传热,从而减少铸坯纵裂纹的发生。并提出了开发新型高效无氟保护渣的进一步研究方向,即无氟渣中氟化物替代物的迁移赋存规律对渣膜传热性能的影响机理。 相似文献
20.
Lejun Zhou Wanlin Wang Fanjun Ma Jin Li Juan Wei Hiroyuki Matsuura Fumitaka Tsukihashi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2012,43(2):354-362
The effect of basicity on the mold fluxes crystallization was investigated in this article. The time-temperature-transformation
(TTT) diagrams and continuous-cooling-transformation (CCT) diagrams of mold fluxes with different basicity were constructed
by using single, hot thermocouple technology (SHTT). The results showed that with the increase of basicity, the incubation
time of isothermal crystallization became shorter, the crystallization temperature was getting higher, and the critical cooling
rate of continuous cooling crystallization became faster. The X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that calcium silicate (CaO·SiO2) was precipitated at the upper part of the TTT diagram and cuspidine (Ca4Si2O7F2) was formed at the lower part, when the basicity of mold fluxes was within 1.0 to 1.2. However, when basicity was 0.8, only
the cuspidine phase was formed. A kinetic study of isothermal crystallization process indicated that the increase of the basicity
tended to enhance the mold flux crystallization, and the crystallization activation energy became smaller. The crystallization
mechanism of cupsidine was changing from one-dimensional growth to three-dimensional growth with a constant number of nuclei,
when the basicity of mold fluxes varied from 0.8 to 1.2. 相似文献