On gastric corpus-pyloric antrum inhibitory reflexes (author's transl)

Twenty eight adults dogs fasted over night were used under Nembutal anesthesia. The influences of distension of the pouch which was made on gatric corpus on the motility of gastric pyloric antrum were investigated. The following results were obtained. 1) Any changes were not observed on the motility on gastric pyloric antrum by distension of gastric corpus pouch by a pressure of 20 mmHg, but a stepwise elevation of the lumen pressure of the pouch from 50 mmHg to 100 mmGh, elicited a remarkable relaxation of the tone and inhibition of motility of the pyloric antrum. These inhibitory responses were not abolished by the bilateral cervical vagotomy or by the bilateral splanchnicotomy respectively, but these inhibitory reflexes were disappeared completely after the transection of both extrinsic nerves. 2) The inhibition of motility of gastric pyloric antrum were also elicited by the electric stimulation of the central cut end of vagal branch or of splanchnic branch which innervated the gastric corpus respectively. 3) It may be concluded that the reflex pathways of the gastric corpus-pyloric antrum inhibitory reflexes involve not only in vagus nerves but also in splanchnic nerves.     

Effects of tofisopam on gastric functions in rats (author's transl)

The effects of tofisopam on gastric functions were examined in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of tofisopam (50 ot 100 microgram) increased both basal gastric acid output and mucosal blood flow (MBF) in rats anesthetized with urethane, while intravenous injection of tofisopam (10 mg/kg) did not change the basal gastric acid output. Ten micrograms of tofisopam, i.c.v., a dose which did not show any effect on the basal gastric acid output, significantly inhibited the decrease in gastric acid output induced by noradrenaline (5 microgram, i.c.v.). Tofisopam (10 mg/kg, i.v. or 100 microgram, i.c.v.) showed no effect on the increase in gastric acid output induced by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). These results, together with the previous findings, suggest the tofisopam (i.c.v.) acts on the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi and/or LHA and competes with noradrenaline. The gastric acid output was increased remarkably under water-immersion stress, and this increase lasted during the stress-loading, but the MBF did not show a corresponding increase. Pretreatment of rats with tofisopam (100 mg/kg, intraduodenal) significantly increased the MBF and inhibited the ulcer formation caused by the stress. From these results, tofisopam may restore the unbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tones induced by stress-loading.     

Multiple gastric carcinoid, its diagnosis in gastric polyposis (author's transl)

Carcinoid of the stomach, hormonally inactive, is diagnosed with MDP, gastroscopy and biopsy. Solitary carcinoids are treated with excision in toto with immediate histology of the edges. Multiple gastric carcinoids require gastrectomy.     

The pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma--epidemiologic pathology of precursor lesions (author's transl)

An overview of the epidemiologic and pathologic significance of premalignant lesions of the stomach is presented, with correlations between cancer risk, prevalence of atrophic gastritis and environmental factors such as nitrate and food items. The protective role of lettuce and fresh vegetables is discussed. The diffuse type of gastric cancer appears to be less environmentally linked than the intestinal type, and it is hypothesized that the pathogenetic process may begin during the first decade of life. An analysis of precursor lesions and gastric cancer in various geographic regions of Columbia, South America is presented to illustrate these relationships.     

Proceedings: On the central action of nomifensine (author's transl)

The central action of nomifensine (NF), a new antidepressive drug, was studied in rats and mice. NF stimulates locomotor activity in normal animals as well as in animals whose motor activity has been depressed by reserpine, alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT), bis-(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinyl-thiocarbonyl)-disulfide (Fla-63) or phenoxybenzamine. The sedation produced by alpha-MT plus reserpine or by spiroperidol is not affected by NF. NF induces stereotypy in the rat and antagonizes the catalepsy induced in the rat by neuroleptics, pilocarpine and arecoline. The catalepsy induced by alpha-MT plus reserpine is not influenced. NF elevates the brain levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the rat. These and previous results indicate that the profile of action of NF differs both from that of known tricyclic antidepressive drugs and that of dopaminergic stimulants.     

On the mechanism of action of acupuncture analgesia (author's transl)

The correlation between the effects of acupuncture (A) and hypnosuggestion (H) on subjective pain perception was studied in normal volunteers using somatosensory evoked potentials technique. Both methods influenced identically the subjective pain perception and affected the evoked cortical responses similarly. In those subjects in whom analgesia was achieved, location of the A needles proved unimportant and the suppression of the cortical response elicited by A or H was identical. This could be explained by cortically induced inhibitory activity in descending control systems for both methods. A. analgesia thus appears to be a suggestive modality which depends on individual susceptibility. A specific cultural background also seems to be of importance.     

The diagnosis of IgD-Myelomatosis (author's transl)

Two patients with IgD-lambda myelomatosis are presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Typical features of this disease are the high incidence of Bence-Jones proteinuria, osteolytic lesions, amyloidosis and the predominance of male patients. Furthermore, an augmentation of serum IgD level to 165 mg% was observed in a 22-year-old female patient with presumed Coxsackie myocarditis. The theories in regard to IgD function are discussed.     

The so-called chondrodystrophia of the newborn (author's transl)

Chondrodystrophia (now: Achondroplasia) formerly believed to be a uniform disease rather is an entity comprising up till now at least ten radiologically differing types. Definite diagnosis of these types can only be made radiologically although certain clinical features are of additional help. For practical purpose a schematic representation of these types is given, based upon the classification of congenital osteochondrodysplasias by the ESPR (European Society of Pediatric Radiology, Rome, 1969). It emphasizes the characteristic radiological signs and describes the typical changes in body proportions. In a second part the single diseases are discussed according to the scheme with their radiological differential diagnosis and their prominent changes in the skeletal system. Some examples are given for possibly associated malformations and final prognosis.