60Co-γ射线引发聚氨酯接枝N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的性能研究

利用60 Co-γ辐照接枝技术,在医用聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)表面接枝亲水性N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP),制备了TPU-g-PVP接枝共聚物。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫面电子显微镜表征了接枝共聚物结构,研究了吸收剂量、溶剂组成、单体浓度和介质pH值对共聚物接枝率的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下,随着吸收剂量和单体浓度的增大,共聚物接枝率逐渐增大;当溶剂中乙醇含量为60%(体积分数,下同)时,接枝效率最高;在中性和碱性条件下,NVP接枝率较高。亲水性及润滑性能测试表明,接枝改性后,材料的亲水性和润滑性随着接枝率的增大显著提高。接枝体系最佳工艺条件为:乙醇含量60%、pH值为7、NVP浓度20%、吸收剂量为10kGy、体系接枝率为20%。     

高密度聚乙烯表面光接枝丙烯酸行为研究

研究了以二苯甲酮为光敏剂时,紫外光辐照时间、温度、丙烯酸(AA)单体浓度、预覆液中光敏剂浓度等因素对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)接枝率和接枝效率的影响,以及接枝HDPE膜的接触角与接枝率的关系。随辐照时间延长,HDPE的接枝率增加,4min时的接枝率为15％,膜表面对水的接触角由来接枝时的83°降到36°;随接枝时间的进一步延长,接枝率不断增加,但接触角变化不大。升高温度、增加单体浓度,可以促进接枝反应的进行,使接枝率增加。预覆液中光敏剂浓度也影响HDPE的接枝率和接枝效率。红外光谱(IR)结果表明,HDPE膜表面已接枝了PAA。差热分析(DSC)结果表明,接枝破坏了HDPE的结构规整性,影响其结晶度。     

NVP接枝壳聚糖水凝胶的合成与溶胀性能

合成了N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）接枝壳聚糖（CHI）水凝胶,讨论了NVP/CHI、引发剂、交联剂、聚合温度、乙酸浓度等因素对接枝率及凝胶溶胀性能的影响,NVP∶CHI为6时,接枝率达到300%以上. 溶胀温度、pH值、盐浓度等对凝胶溶胀性能的影响实验表明,凝胶表现出温度敏感性,在40 ℃出现最大平衡溶胀率,并观察到一级相转变;在中性或弱酸性介质中溶胀性能较好;与PVP凝胶相比,NVP接枝CHI凝胶表现出反聚电解质效应. 溶胀动力学研究表明,在溶胀前期,CHI含量较高时,凝胶趋向于非Fick溶胀,说明除了溶剂扩散外,凝胶网络链段弛豫、水分子与凝胶网络间及凝胶高分子链段间相互作用对凝胶溶胀性能的影响至关重要;CHI含量较高时则趋向于Fick溶胀.     

聚烯烃纤维表面光接枝的ESCA表征

以UV(320～440nm)为光源,二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂,丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,在高强度聚乙烯(HSPE)纤维上进行表面光化学接枝反应。由于纤维表面接枝仅发生在小于50(?)的极薄层内,表面接枝率无法用通常的称重法测定,因而无法用通常意义的重量接枝率来表征。本文用X射线光电子能谱(ESCA)对接枝纤维分析,以氮原子的1S壳层电子和碳1S壳层电子的峰积分强度之比值,N_(1S)/C_(1S),来表征产物的表面接枝程度,以傅里叶红外内反射光谱(FTIR)进行测定佐证。对接枝纤维进行粘接性和染色性测试结果也表明,用ESCA的N_(1S)/C_(1S)积分强度相对比(RI％)来表征上述接枝程度是合宜的。     

线形低密度聚乙烯粉料固相光接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用接枝率测定、红外光谱、光电子能谱、接触角、剥离强度等测试，研究了紫外线（UV）引发丙烯酸（AA）固相表面接枝线形低密度聚乙烯（PBLLD）粉料的影响因素（温度、单体浓度和反应时间），接枝PE—LLD表面结构、微观形态和性能。结果表明：UV能高效地引发AA在PE-LLD材料表面接枝聚合，随辐照时间延长、温度升高和单体浓度增大，接枝率增大，在实验条件下达到满足实际应用所需接枝率（约0．5％质量含量）的反应时问可达分钟数量级。接枝改性后，PE-LLD与水的接触角下降，亲水性增强；对钢材和聚乙烯黏接强度提高。     

聚丙烯材料表面化学接枝与粘接研究

作者用自由基引发剂(I)与丙烯酸(AA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAH)不饱和单体配制成接枝液,涂敷于聚丙烯(PP)板表面进行接枝反应,此后用E44环氧树脂作粘接剂粘接PP板材。考查了70～130℃温度范围内,单体/I比率、溶剂对表面接枝率和粘接强度的影响。     

聚合物表面紫外光接枝技术及应用进展

聚合物表面紫外光接枝技术可用于聚合物材料的表面化学结构和物理形貌改性以及表面的功能化,在许多领域有着广泛的应用.本文概述了紫外光引发接枝改性聚合物表面技术的研究进展,包括紫外光接枝聚合机理、接枝新方法和应用技术等.     

氯化原位接枝反应制备酐基化HDPE

采用氯化原位接枝的方法合成了以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为骨架、马来酸酐(MAH)为支链的接枝聚合物,反应中不需要加入任何引发剂.傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析证明了该方法对HDPE改性的可行性.探讨了影响接枝聚合物力学性能的因素及变化规律.结果表明.接枝反应温度、接枝率以及MAH单体的加入量对MAH氯化接枝HDPE(HDPE-cg-MAH)的力学性能有很大的影响.     

马来酸酐接枝废旧 HDPE的制备与应用

以马来酸酐(MAH)为单体、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,用熔融接枝法制得改性废旧HDPE(MARPE),研究DCP、MAH含量对接棱产物性能的影响,用红外光谱(FIIR)对接枝产物进行分析,并将接枝产物用于废旧PC/ABS合金,用SEM观察界面.结果表明:马来酸酐能够在废旧HDPE上进行接枝;随着DCP含量的增加,接枝产物的接枝率逐渐增加,熔体指数减小;随着MAH含量的增加,接枝产物的接枝率先增加后减小,熔体指数无明显变化;马来酸酐接枝废旧HDPE能够提高废旧PC/ABS合金的界面相容性,改善其力学强度.     

聚合物表面光接枝改性研究进展

表面光接枝主要是用芳酮引发有机材料产生自由基，从而引发单体聚合产生表面接枝链。表面光接枝应用领域广泛．可用于聚合材料的表面改性以及表面功能化。综述了紫外光引发接枝改性聚合物表面的研究进展，包括光接枝聚合机理、改性方法、影响因素等，并对其应用前景及研究方向进行了介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。