基于两段排样方式的矩形件优化下料算法

针对矩形件下料问题,提出一种基于两段排样方式的优化下料算法。首先构造一 种约束排样算法,生成矩形件在板材上的两段排样方式。然后采用列生成算法依据矩形件剩余 需求量迭代调用上述约束排样算法生成一个虚拟下料方案,按照不产生多余矩形件原则选取虚 拟下料方案中的部分排样方式加入到实际下料方案中,更新矩形件剩余需求量;重复上述步骤 直到矩形件剩余需求量为零。采用文献中基准例题将该算法与2 种文献算法进行比较,数值实 验结果表明该算法下料利用率比2 种文献算法分别高1.61%和0.78%。     

二维板材切割下料问题的一种确定性算法

研究二维板材切割下料问题,即使用最少板材切割出一定数量的若干种矩形件。 提出一种结合背包算法和线性规划算法的确定性求解算法。首先构造生成均匀条带四块排样方 式的背包算法;然后采用线性规划算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次均根据生产成本最小原则 改善目标函数并修正各种矩形件的当前价值,按照当前价值生成新的排样方式;最后选择最优 的一组排样方式组成排样方案。采用基准测题,将该算法与著名的T 型下料算法进行比较,实 验结果表明,该算法比T 型下料算法更能节省板材,计算时间能够满足实际应用需要。     

A New PSO-based Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Non-Guillotine Non-Oriented Cutting Stock Problem

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for the two-dimensional non-guillotine non-oriented cutting stock problem. The considered problem consists of cutting small rectangular pieces of predetermined sizes from large but finite rectangular plates. The objective is to generate cutting patterns that minimize the unused area and fulfill customer orders. The proposed algorithm is a combination of a new particle swarm optimization approach with a heuristic criterion inspired from the literature. The algorithm is tested on twenty-two instances divided into two sets. Corresponding results show the algorithm efficiency in optimizing the trim loss that is comprised between 2.6% and 7.8% for all considered instances.     

Hybrid heuristic algorithm for two-dimensional steel coil cutting problem

This paper is concerned with the problem of two-dimensional cutting of small rectangular items, each of which has its own deadline and size, from a large rectangular plate, whose length are more than one thousand times its width, so as to minimize the trim loss and the reduction of the times of clamping and changing speed are also concerned. This problem is different with the classical two-dimensional cutting problem. In view of the distinguishing features of the problem proposed, we put forward the definition of non-classical cutting, that is to say, put a series of items on the rectangular plates in their best layout, so as to enhance utility and efficiency at the same time. These objectives may be conflicting and a balance should be necessary, so we present a Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm (HHA), consisting of clustering, ordering, striping and integer programming etc. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm through the comparison with the algorithm we studied before.     

冲裁件条料最优四块剪切下料方案的生成算法

讨论冲裁件条料剪切下料方案的设计问题。下料方案由一组排样方式组成。首先构造一种生成条料最优四块排样方式的背包算法,然后采用基于列生成的线性规划算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次都根据生产成本最小的原则改善目标函数并确定各种冲裁件的当前价值,按照当前价值生成一个新的排样方式,最后选择最优的一组排样方式组成下料方案。采用例题将该排样方式生成算法和文献中多段排样方式生成算法进行比较,实验计算结果表明,该算法得到的排样方式排样价值较高。最后通过文献中实例的下料方案求解,可以看出该算法解决实际下料问题是有效的。     

生成矩形毛坯最优两段排样方式的确定型算法

排样价值、切割工艺和计算时间是排样问题主要考虑的3个因素.文中提出一个新的基于排样模式的确定型排样算法——同质块两段排样算法,此算法适合剪冲下料工艺,在实现工艺简化的同时提高了排样价值时间比.首先通过动态规划算法生成最优同质块,然后求解一维背包问题生成块在级中的最优排样方式和级在段中的最优排样方式,最后选择两个段生成最优的两段排样方式.通过3组经典测题对该文算法进行了测试,将算法与4种著名算法进行了比较.实验结果表明,该文算法的优化结果好于以上4种著名算法,有效地提高了板材利用率,并且计算时间合理.     

一种求解圆形下料问题的快速算法

本文研究圆形件优化排样算法,目的是提高材料利用率。本文提出了一种新的放置算法(圆弧搜索算法,ASA),与文献中算法相比,ASA在较短的时间内产生了可以和排样领域著名的法国学者Hifi在SCI和EI检索刊物中提出的较复杂方法GA-BH在利用率方面相媲美的效果;对随机生成例题的计算结果表明,本文算法的计算时间可以满足一般实践应用的要求,所得排样方案的材料利用率较高。     

一种求解圆形下料问题的快速算法

本文研究圆形件优化排样算法,目的是提高材料利用率。本文提出了一种新的放置算法(圆弧搜索算法,ASA),与文献中算法相比,ASA在较短的时间内产生了可以和排样领域著名的法国学者Hifi在SCI和EI检索刊物中提出的较复杂方法GA-BH在利用率方面相媲美的效果;对随机生成例题的计算结果表明,本文算法的计算时间可以满足一般实践应用的要求,所得排样方案的材料利用率较高。     

长板单一尺寸矩形毛坯定长分割优化排样

讨论剪刃长度小于金属板材长度，单一尺寸矩形毛坯的优化排样问题。将长板分割成多块子板，除最后一块外，所有子板具有相同的长度与相同的毛坯排列。通过对Agrawal提出的单一尺寸矩形毛坯最优化排样方法进行扩展，使之适用于确定最优的子板长度，实验计算结果表明所述算法非常有效，给出例题数据的排样结果，并和企业的通常作法相比较，说明采用该方法的节材潜力。     

Genetic neuro-nester

In this paper, the integration of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms is explored for solving uncured composite stock cutting problem, which is an NP-complete problem. The input patterns can be either rectangular or irregular, and the proposed approach can accommodate any orientation and size restrictions. A genetic algorithm is used to generate sequences of the input patterns to be allocated. The scrap percentage of each allocation is used as an evaluation criterion. The allocation algorithm uses the sliding method integrated with an artificial neural network, based on the adaptive resonance theory (ART1) paradigm, to allocate the patterns according to the sequence generated by the genetic algorithm. The results obtained by this approach give packing densities on the order of 80–95%.     

New approaches to nesting rectangular patterns

In this study, two approaches are explored for the solution of the rectangular stock cutting problem: neuro-optimization, which integrates artificial neural networks and optimization methods; and genetic neuro-nesting, which combines artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms. In the first approach, an artificial neural network architecture is used to generate rectangular pattern configurations, to be used by the optimization model, with an acceptable scrap. Rectangular patterns of different sizes are selected as input to the network to generate the location and rotation of each pattern after they are combined. A mathematical programming model is used to determine the nesting of different sizes of rectangular patterns to meet the demand for rectangular blanks for a given planning horizon. The test data used in this study is generated randomly from a specific normal distribution. The average scrap percentage obtained is within acceptable limits. In the second approach, a genetic algorithm is used to generate sequences of the input patterns to be allocated on a finite width with infinite-length material. Each gene represents the sequence in which the patterns are to be allocated using the allocation algorithm developed. The scrap percentage of each allocation is used as an evaluation criterion for each gene for determining the best allocation while considering successive generations. The allocation algorithm uses the sliding method integrated with an artificial neural network based on the adaptive resonance theory (ART1) paradigm to allocate the patterns according to the sequence generated by the genetic algorithm. It slides an incoming pattern next to the allocated ones and keeps all scrap areas produced, which can be utilized in allocating a new pattern through the ART1 network. If there is a possible match with an incoming pattern and one of the scrap areas, the neural network selects the best match area and assigns the pattern. Both approaches gave satisfactory results. The second approach generated nests having packing densities in the range 95–97%. Improvement in packing densities was possible at the expense of excessive computational time. Parallel implementation of this unconventional approach could well bring a quick and satisfactory solution to this classical problem.     

基于五块模式的单一矩形件排样算法

如何在一个大矩形里排入尽可能多的单一规格小矩形件是广泛出现在制造业领域 的板材分割、物流业领域的集装箱装载中的问题。采用五块模式将大矩形划分为五个块,求解 每个块里面矩形件的排样方式。首先,采用动态规划算法一次性生成所有块中矩形件排样方式, 然后,采用隐式枚举法考虑所有可能的五块组合,选择包含矩形件个数最多的五块组合作为最 终的排样方案。使用算例对算法进行了测试,并与另外4 种单一排样算法进行了比较。实验结 果表明,该算法在排样利用率和切割工艺两方面都有效,而且计算时间合理。     

基于遗传算法的大规模矩形件优化排样

大规模矩形件优化排样是一个典型的组合优化问题，属于NP-hard问题．实际工程中对一个排样方案一般有满足“一刀切”的工艺要求，“一刀切”要求增加了对排样的约束．提出的优化算法，将矩形匹配分割算法作为遗传算法染色体的解码器实现一个排样方案，用遗传算法进行排样方案的全局搜索．算例比较表明，该算法可以求得满足“一刀切”约束的最优解．     

矩形件简单块占角排样方式的动态规划

目的 针对矩形件无约束2维剪切排样问题,提出一种可简化板材切割工艺的简单块占角排样方式,并构造这种排样方式的动态规划生成算法。方法 该排样方式在板材左下角按照简单块方式排样若干行若干列同种矩形件,将板材剩余部分划分为两个子板;将子板按照上述方法继续递归排样和划分,直至子板排满矩形件为止。采用动态规划确定所有可能尺寸的板材左下角排样的最优矩形件、矩形件的最优行列数和板材剩余部分的最优子板划分。运用规范尺寸排除不必要的计算。结果 将本文算法与目前常见的算法进行比较,实验结果表明本文算法计算时间合理,排样价值较高。在第1组41道基准例题中,本文算法所有例题均求出了精确解,同质块T型算法、同质块两段算法和复合条带两段算法分别有7道、5道和4道例题未求出精确解。在第2组20道基准例题中,本文算法只有1道例题未求出精确解,普通三阶段算法、同质块T型算法、同质块两段算法和匀质条带三块算法分别有18道、15道、15道和20道例题未求出精确解。在第3组50道随机例题中,本文算法、普通两段算法和同质块两段算法板材利用率分别为99.913 7%、99.862 3%和99.796 1%。在第4组31道基准例题中,本文算法所有例题均求出了精确解,普通占角排样算法有2道例题未求出精确解。结论 本文算法计算时间远小于精确算法,优化效果接近精确算法;本文算法计算时间与多种启发式算法接近,但优化效果好于多种启发式算法。     

矩形毛坯最优层排样方式的动态规划算法*

讨论矩形毛坯无约束二维剪切排样问题,提出层排样方式的动态规划算法,使板材所含毛坯总价值最大。排样时使用一组平行的剪切线将板材分割为多个层,层的长度等于板材的长度或宽度,宽度等于最左边主毛坯的高度。通过动态规划算法确定所有可能尺寸层的最大价值和板材中层的最优组合。实验结果表明,该算法在满足实际应用要求的同时,板材利用率和计算时间两方面都较有效。     

面向可加工性的矩形件优化下料算法

针对目前矩形件优化下料算法侧重追求高材料利用率,而对实际切割成本考虑不足的现状,提出一种既维持高材料利用率,又使下料方案具有较低切割成本的矩形件优化下料算法。算法采用SVC框架和同质条带多级规范方式求解矩形件下料问题。利用条带共边排样的路径优化设计进行切割路径长度的计算,以生产成本（材料成本与切割成本之和）为优化目标得到高材料利用率、低切割成本的下料方案,最后通过实验证实该算法的可行性与有效性。     

Genotype–phenotype heuristic approaches for a cutting stock problem with circular patterns

The cutting stock problem has been studied in the context of different industrial applications inducing NP-hard problems in most instances. However, the application in sawmill has not received the same attention. In this paper, we deal with the problem of determining the number of logs to cut over a period of several days and the geometry of sawmill patterns in order to satisfy the demand while minimizing the loss of material. First, the problem is formulated as an integer programming problem of the form of a constrained set covering problem where the knowledge of a priori cutting patterns is necessary to generate its columns. In our implementation, these patterns are obtained using a genetic algorithm (GA) or a simulated annealing method (SA). Then, two different approaches are introduced to solve the problem. The first approach includes two methods that combine a metaheuristic to generate the number of logs and a constructive heuristic to generate the cutting patterns for each of the logs. In the second approach, we use an exact procedure CPLEX to solve the integer programming model where the cutting patterns are generated with the GA method (GA+CPLEX) or the SA method (SA+CPLEX). These four methods are compared numerically on 11 semi-randomly generated problems similar to those found in real life. The best results for the loss are obtained with the two-stage GA+CPLEX approach that finds the best values for 7 problems.     

改进的矩形毛坯三块排样方式及其算法

致力于改进矩形毛坯三块排样方式的生成算法,采用三种策略缩小解的搜索范围,并将该算法与线性规划相结合形成排样方案生成算法,用于求解大规模矩形毛坯排样问题.通过实验证明,与二阶段、T形、两段、三阶段排样算法相比,排样方案生成算法生成的排样方案虽然板材利用率稍低,但排样方案简单,能够简化切割工艺.     

基于价值修正的圆片下料顺序启发式算法

讨论圆片剪冲下料方案的设计问题。下料方案由一组排样方式组成。首先构造一种生成圆片条带最优四块排样方式的背包算法,然后采用基于价值修正的顺序启发式算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次都根据生产成本最小的原则改善目标函数并修正各种圆片的当前价值,按照当前价值生成一个新的排样方式,最后选择最优的一组排样方式组成下料方案。采用文献中的基准测题将文中下料算法与文献中T 型下料算法和启发式下料算法分别进行比较。实验计算结果表明,该算法的材料利用率比T 型下料算法和启发式下料算法分别高0.83%和3.63%,且计算时间在实际应用中合理。     

应用精确两阶段排样图的板材下料算法

求解基于精确两阶段排样图的二维下料问题,用最小的板材成本,生产出所需要的全部毛坯。将顺序启发式算法和排样图生成算法相结合,顺序生成排样方案中的各个排样图;采用顺序价值修正策略,在生成每个排样图后修正其中所含各种毛坯的价值。经过多次迭代生成多个排样方案,从中选择最好者。实验计算时与商业软件和文献算法相比较,结果表明所述算法可以更为有效地减少板材消耗。