炼钢炉综合除尘系统设计研究

机械制造公司炼钢车间使用的3t电弧炉在炼钢过程中产生大量烟尘及有害气体，对厂区环境及职工身心健康造成较大危害。为解决这一问题，结合企业实际，充分利用企业现有资源，采用干湿综合除尘技术以及污水沉淀净化技术，取得了较好的效果。     

铜冶炼开路烟尘综合回收研究现状

综述了铜冶炼开路烟尘的主要化学组成及其赋存状态,讨论了现阶段综合回收铜冶炼开路烟尘的三种处理工艺,即火法工艺、湿法工艺以及联合工艺。系统地比较了三种工艺各自的优缺点,总体上看,现阶段铜冶炼开路烟尘的湿法处理工艺具有工作环境好、适用范围广、能耗较低和技术手段丰富等优点,在试现铜冶炼开路烟尘中有价元素的综合利用上具有较好的工业化应用前景。     

浅谈燃煤烟气干法脱硫对电除尘器性能的影响

介绍了燃煤烟气经喷雾干法脱硫工艺后，烟尘性质的变化，对电除尘器的性能和运行的影响。     

铜冶炼烟尘的综合利用

以铜转炉烟尘为原料, 采用高压酸浸工艺回收有价金属和脱除砷。结果表明, 在硫酸浓度4 mol/L、浸出温度100 ℃、浸出时间2 h条件下, 烟尘中砷、铁和铜浸出率分别为94.14%、93.80%、91.80%, 浸出渣主要物相为硫酸铅(PbSO₄);通过氧压沉砷处理浸出液, 使溶液中铁和砷形成臭葱石(FeAsO₄·2H₂O)而固化;沉砷后液主要物质为Cu²⁺和SO₄^2-, 可用于电解回收铜。该工艺可以实现铜烟尘中有价金属的综合回收, 同时将砷以臭葱石形式固化, 减少对环境的污染。     

锡冶炼烟尘中有害杂质脱出与锡富集研究

锡冶炼烟尘中Cl、Zn、Cd等有害杂质的脱出及Sn的高效富集对减轻杂质危害及提升锡的综合回收率具有重要意义.采用水浸—酸浸的两段浸出工艺实现了锡冶炼烟尘中Cl的高效脱出,Zn、Cd的高效浸出以及锡的有效富集.锡冶炼烟尘水浸实验结果表明,在优化技术参数下,Cl的脱出率达95.78％,Zn、Cd的浸出率分别为39.68％和...     

硫酸熟化—常压浸出综合回收锡烟尘中铟锌试验研究

某锡烟尘含Sn 37.43%、Zn 8.82%、In 0.56%,具有较高的综合回收价值。采用硫酸熟化—常压浸出工艺回收烟尘中的有价金属铟、锌,而锡有效富集在渣中。通过条件试验确定适宜的工艺参数为熟化温度140℃,熟化保温时间40 min,硫酸与锡烟尘质量比0.7∶1,浸出时间1.5 h,浸出温度90℃,浸出液固比4∶1 m L/g。在此条件下,铟和锌的平均浸出率分别达到96.68%和97.70%,锡的平均浸出率降低到0.52%。与常压酸浸提取工艺相比,硫酸熟化常压浸出工艺可显著提高铟和锌的浸出率,并显著降低锡的浸出率,实现了铟、锌与锡的高效分离。     

深露天矿强制通风的合理性

本文对深露天矿强制通风的合理性进行了评述，认为不论从生产过程的能耗出发．还是从工人劳动条件和生态要求出发，开发和应用射流通风等强制通风方法，为整个露天矿置换空气和抑制烟尘，都是不合理的．本文强调露天矿强制通风对周围环境的污染，认为周围环境的利益应高于露天矿的利益，建议发展在生态学上危害较小的工艺，以减少烟尘排放；开发露天矿大气状况的预测方法，以便采取措施，控制烟尘排放；应用司机室空气净化装置和自助式个体空气供给源，保证向作业场所的工人提供洁净空气．     

露天采矿烟尘污染环境效应评价的专家地理信息系统(EGIS)

针对露天采矿烟尘污染的特点，提出了地理信息系统与专家系统相集成的综合评价系统。本系统采用公共接口模块的外连式结构进行集成，用VB．net语言设计用户界面，系统核心模块是地理信息系统地图描绘器、专家系统的知识库生成器、法律法规查询器和评价报告书生成器。通过建立某露天矿的数据库和烟尘污染环境效应评价的知识库，利用本EGIS系统对大冶铁矿的烟尘污染环境效应进行了评价。     

湿法炼锌协同处置富氧顶吹炼铅烟尘分离回收镉的生产实践

针对富氧顶吹炼铅工艺铅烟尘中镉不断富集的难题,为充分发挥铅锌冶炼联合工艺流程的优势,利用湿法炼锌中的浸出工序实现烟尘中镉与铅的分离,再采用锌粉置换、净化,实现镉的分离和回收。结果表明：在初始硫酸浓度为20 g/L、液固比4∶1、浸出温度70℃、浸出时间3 h的优化条件下,铅烟尘硫酸浸出段镉浸出率为85.7%;烟尘中铅、银进入浸出渣,可返回铅系统实现铅的回收,浸出液可采用铜渣除,氯控制氯离子浓度小于200 mg/L;除氯后液并入锌冶炼湿法浸出、净化流程回收镉,实现镉的资源化利用,使铅烟尘中镉形成有效开路,整个工艺经济环保、可操作性强。     

电弧炉烟尘湿法提锌研究

江苏苏钢集团电弧炉炼钢烟尘含锌15.4%,并主要分布在铁酸锌中。对该炼钢烟尘进行浸出试验,结果表明：以氢氧化钠为浸出剂进行碱性浸出时,锌的浸出率仅为34.0%;以硫酸为浸出剂进行酸性浸出时,在搅拌转速为420 r/min,硫酸浓度为200 g/L,液固比为10∶1,反应温度为90 ℃,浸出时间为2 h的条件下,锌的浸出率达到98.7%。     

电弧炉粉尘的治理

电弧炉粉尘含有某些重金属元素 ,堆放填埋对环境造成污染。至今已有约 2 0种方法处理这类粉尘回收有价金属 ,尤其是近几年来出现的 Ausmelt,Met Wool,Enviroplas,All Met,IBDR- ZIPP,Modified ZINCEX,Cashman,Rezada和 Rerra Gaia等技术正逐步趋于成熟。不锈钢和特种钢电弧炉粉尘中有价金属的综合回收虽未标准化 ,但越来越受到人们的关注。     

Use of mesalime and electric arc furnace (EAF) dust as neutralising agents in biooxidation and their effects on gold recovery in subsequent cyanidation

The cost of lime/limestone for neutralisation is the second largest operating cost in bioleaching. Therefore, these studies have been conducted with the aim to investigate the possibilities for use of by-products such as mesalime and electric arc furnace (EAF) dust for neutralisation during biooxidation of a refractory gold concentrate. Experiments were carried out using a retention time of 57 h in a one-stage reactor and the influence of two industrial by-products on the biooxidation performance was evaluated. The neutralising capacity of EAF dust was lower, while the mesalime was similar to the Ca(OH)₂ reference. The arsenopyrite oxidation in experiments ranged from 85% to 90%, whereas the pyrite oxidation was 63–74%. In subsequent cyanidation, final gold recoveries of 90% were achieved in bioresidues from mesalime and Ca(OH)₂, while the EAF dust bioresidue had a recovery of 85%. A comparatively high elemental sulphur content in EAF dust probably encapsulates part of the gold, which explains the lower recovery for the EAF dust bioresidue despite a longer residence time. Cyanide consumption was relatively high and ranged from 8.1 to 9.2 kg/ton feed after 24 h of cyanidation. Overall, the by-products tested here have proved to be feasible options as neutralising agents in bioleaching operations.     

Alkaline leaching of zinc from electric arc furnace steel dust

Electric arc furnaces (EAF) generate about 10–20 kg of dust per metric ton of steel, which constitute a hazardous waste, known as EAF dust. This dust contains a remarkable amount of non-ferrous metals, which include zinc, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel that could be recovered, reducing the environmental impact of the leachable toxic metals, and generating revenue. In this paper, different alkaline leaching techniques were tested in order to dissolve the zinc present in an EAF dust: (i) conventional agitation leaching; (ii) pressure leaching; (iii) conventional leaching following a microwave pretreatment and (iv) leaching with agitation provided by an ultra-sonic probe. Temperature and sodium hydroxide concentration were the variables tested. The highest zinc recovery from the EAF dust, containing about 12% of zinc, was about 74%. This was achieved after 4 h of leaching in a temperature of 90 °C and with a sodium hydroxide concentration of 6 M of the leaching agent.     

Recycling EAF dust by heat treatment with PVC

This study investigated whether polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be used as an additive for the treatment of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust. The PVC powder was mixed with the dust in order to test the synchronous treatment of two resources: waste PVC and EAF dust. The mixture was made into pellets and subjected to heat at various temperatures. The effects of the heat treatment and heating rate were investigated. The PVC emitted hydrogen chloride gas by pyrolysis and generated chlorides of zinc, lead, and cadmium in the pellets. These chlorides can be recovered by volatilization or leaching after the heat treatment. The residual pellet of this process contained over 45% iron, and it is expected that the residual pellet can be injected into the electric arc furnace.     

电炉含锌粉尘在微波场下脱锌的试验研究

微波能是一种清洁型能源，可以对物料进行选择性体加热。利用电炉含锌粉中和煤粉吸收微波能力强的特点，试验研究了微波加热还原电炉含锌粉尘的脱锌效果。结果表明，在大气条件下，脱锌率可达到80％左右；脱锌率随着配煤最、煤粉粒度和微波功率的增加而提高。     

含锌电炉粉尘配碳选择性还原的实验研究

为实现含锌电炉粉尘选择性还原、有效分离铁和锌资源,采用热力学计算和实验研究相结合,分析电炉粉尘中主要物相的还原分解行为,研究配碳量、反应温度和反应时间对还原产物的影响。结果表明,含锌电炉粉尘配碳选择性还原为铁氧化物和ZnO是可行的;在582~940 ℃之间,可实现铁酸锌的有效分解、ZnO过还原的抑制;随着反应温度增加和反应时间延长,铁氧化物遵循逐级还原规律,配碳量对产物并未产生明显影响;当温度为950 ℃时,ZnO被还原为锌蒸气而挥发,导致产物中锌含量明显降低。在配碳量1/10、反应温度850 ℃、反应时间1 h的优化条件下,ZnFe₂O₄分解率约为70%。     

Thermodynamic modelling of the multiphase pyrometallurgical processing of electric arc furnace dust

Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is produced when automobile scrap is remelted in an electric arc furnace and about 10–20 kilograms are generated per ton of steel. The major elements present in the dust are usually zinc, iron and calcium with smaller amounts of numerous other elements such as lead, copper and nickel. Typically, in the pyrometallurgical EAF dust treatment processes, the lead and zinc are separated as a crude zinc oxide while the iron is generally not worth recovering. Copper and nickel are usually not recovered as they report either to the oxide residue or to any metallic iron that is produced. In the present research, the recovery of the non-ferrous metals in a multiphase system consisting of gas, slag, matte, metal and solid carbon phases was investigated. The equilibrium compositions of the various phases, resulting from the smelting of the dust, were calculated using the SOLGASMIX module of Outokumpu HSC Chemistry. The effects of the following operating variables were investigated; carbon additions, sulphur additions, nitrogen and oxygen additions, temperature and dust composition. The thermodynamic modelling results show that the majority of the non-ferrous metals can be recovered, with the zinc and lead concentrating in the gas phase and the nickel and copper concentrating in the matte phase.     

Microwave caustic leaching of electric arc furnace dust

Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is a waste product which is generated when steel scrap is melted in an electric arc furnace. It contains high concentrations of iron, zinc and lead. Numerous pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes have been developed to treat this material. Only a limited number of these have reached commercialization and the majority have been pyrometallurgical. However, the hydrometallurgical processes, such as caustic leaching, offer some potential advantages.In the present research, the application of microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz was employed, as the energy source, in the hydrometallurgical caustic leaching process for EAF dust treatment. The variables which were investigated were: leaching time, microwave power, caustic concentration and the solid to liquid ratio. The experimental results showed that the zinc recovery from the dust increased with a decrease in the solid to liquid ratio and an increase in the microwave power. The optimum caustic concentration for the maximum zinc recovery was 8M. The rates of zinc recovery were significantly higher under microwave conditions as compared to those observed with conventional leaching. Some possible mechanisms to explain this behaviour are discussed.     

微波碳热还原含锌铅电炉粉尘

利用含锌铅电炉粉尘、焦炭、无烟煤和烟煤吸收微波能力强的特点,采用微波加热方法对配碳电炉粉尘进行碳热还原。结果表明,选用粒度为-0.096 mm的无烟煤为还原剂,在碳氧比为0.9、还原温度为1 100 ℃、保温时间为15 min的条件下,还原产物中铁的金属化率可达90.33%,蒸发脱锌率为96.26%,脱铅率为88.89%。     

岩巷综掘工作面高效除尘系统的现场应用

针对岩巷综掘工作面降尘难度大的问题,研究综合法防尘的效果,通过对综合防尘措施的耦合研究和分析,形成一套行之有效的掘进工作面高效除尘系统,并通过在天山煤电公司相关煤矿的现场应用验证了研究成果的科学性和有效性。结果表明:采用综合防尘措施后,综掘司机侧全尘降尘率99.9%,呼尘降尘率99.8%,回风侧全尘降尘率97.9%,呼尘降尘率96%,降尘效果较为显著。