Vibration and noise control of structural systems using squeeze mode ER mounts

This paper presents vibration and noise control of flexible structures using squeeze mode electro-rheological mounts. After verifying that the damping force of the ER mount can be controlled by the intensity of the electric fild, two different types of ER squeeze mounts have been devised. Firstly, a small size ER mount to support 3 kg is manufactured and applied to the frame structure to control the vibration. An optimal controller which consists of the velocity and the transmitted force feedback signals is designed and implemented to attenuate both the vibration and the transmitted forces. Secondly, a large size of ER mount to support 200 kg is devised and applied to the shell structure to reduce the radiated noise. Dynamic modeling and controller design are undertaken in order to evaluate noise control performance as well as isolation performance of the transmitted force. The radiated noise from the cylindrical shell is calculated by SYSNOISE using forces which are transmitted to the cylindrical shell through two-stage mounting system.     

Sliding mode control of a shear-mode type ER engine mount

This paper presents feedback control characteristics of a shear-mode type electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. The field-dependent yield stress of an arabic gum-based ER fluid is obtained using a couette type electroviscometer, and it is incorporated into the governing equation of motion of the ER engine mount, which is derived from a bond graph model. A sliding mode controller which directly represents the field-dependent damping force is formulated by taking into account the stiffness and damping properties of the systems as parameter uncertainties. The controller is then experimentally realized by imposing a semi-active actuating condition. The effectiveness of the proposed ER engine mount is demonstrated showing capabilities of isolating the vibrations due to sinusoidal and random excitations.     

A low power consumption control scheme: application to a piezostack-based active mount

Piezostack-based active mounts have shown great efficiency for vibration control in a wide frequency range. In this paper, we investigate the performances of the global semi-active control strategy presented by Ichchou et al. [1] for a control system consisting of an active mount and a supported mass. The control strategy allows extracting vibrations energy of the supported mass, storing it in accumulators to be reused for powering in part the actuators (two piezostacks). Consequently, energy needs are reduced versus good control performances comparable to those of the active control based on the negative velocity feedback. The performances of the controller are evaluated in both frequency (transmitted force) and time (acceleration) domains which show that vibrations of the supported mass due to base excitations are efficiently attenuated with the proposed law. An energetic analysis confirms the reduced energy requirement compared to the active scheme.     

Vibration control of a flexible structure using a hybrid mount

This paper presents vibration control of a flexible beam structure using a hybrid mount which consists of elastic rubber and piezoelectric stack actuator. After identifying stiffness and damping properties of the rubber and piezoelectric elements, a mechanical model of the hybrid mount is established. The mount model is then incorporated with the beam structure, and the governing equation of motion is obtained in a state space. A sliding mode controller is designed in order to actively attenuate the vibration of the beam structure subjected to high-frequency and small magnitude excitations. The controller is experimentally realized and measured control responses such as acceleration of the beam structure and force transmission through the hybrid mount are evaluated and presented in both frequency and time domains.     

A system for automatically testing properties

A test system was developed at Caterpillar to automatically measure the static stiffness as well as complex stiffness and phase angle of rubber mounts used for support, and for noise and vibration isolation in our vehicles. The system consists of a load frame with a hydraulic cylinder that applies load to the mount and an instrumentation and control system interconnected with a personal computer. The computer acquires load and displacement measurements from the mount through an analog-to-digital converter connected to computer controllable signal conditioners. The computer acts on these signals and controls a programmable function generator, which supplies a command signal to a hydraulic servo controller that controls load or displacement of the mount. The test system software allows the operator to configure the test through form fill-in menus and special function keys. Following setup, the system automatically runs the tests and prints or plots results to the CRT and optionally to the system printer. Additionally, the system allows the operator to specify characteristics of the sensors being used and guides the operator through calibration of the signal conditioners.     

A method of accurate position control with a pneumatic cylinder driving apparatus

In this paper, a method of accurate position control using a pneumatic cylinder driving apparatus is presented. To overcome the effect of friction force and transmission line, low friction type cylinder applied externally pressurized air bearing structure is used and two control valves attached both side of the cylinder directly. To compensate nonlinear characteristics of control valves, linearized control input derived from the relation between control input and effective area of control valve, and dither signal are applied to the valve. The controller applied to the pneumatic cylinder driving apparatus is composed of a state feedback controller and a disturbance observer. Experimental results show that the effectiveness of the proposed method and position control error of 5 μm accuracy could be obtained easily.     

潜艇浮筏隔振系统的半主动模糊滑模控制

对带有电流变液智能阻尼器的双层浮筏隔振系统设计一种半主动静态输出反馈模糊滑模控制器.根据滑模运动方程稳定的Hurwitz判据选择滑模面矩阵.根据滑模到达条件及可控屈服阻尼力对隔振系统做负功原理设计半主动输出反馈模糊滑模控制器.仿真分析浮筏隔振系统在扫频激励信号下的力传递率及在双频激励信号下的输入力和输出力曲线.仿真结果表明,半主动输出反馈模糊滑模控制下的浮筏隔振系统的减振效果要远好于最优被动阻尼系统.     

潜艇浮筏隔振系统的控制研究

为带有电流变阻尼器的双层浮筏隔振系统设计了一种半主动模糊滑模控制器。根据滑模运动方程稳定的Hurwitz判据选择了滑模面系数,并根据滑模到达条件设计了半主动模糊滑模控制器。仿真分析了浮筏隔振系统在扫频激励信号下的力传递率及双频激励信号下输入力和输出力的曲线。仿真结果表明：半主动模糊滑模控制下浮筏隔振系统的减振效果要远好于最优被动阻尼系统。     

周期性机械振动主动控制算法

为提高周期性机械装置的隔振性能,减少其对底座(或地面)及周围环境的影响,采用由弹性橡胶和压电堆作动器组成的主动悬置(active control mount, ACM).针对压电堆作动器输出位移较小的情况,设计液压位移放大机构.通过对压电作动器和橡胶主簧性能的分析,建立由主动悬置构成的隔振系统的力学模型.周期性机械振动系统,其周期振动信号可用作控制同步信号,因此控制系统采用基于同步滤波-X LMS(least mean square)算法的自适应控制策略,传递到机座的残余力作为误差信号,实现对周期性机械振动系统的主动控制.计算机仿真实验结果表明,采用这种主动悬置和同步滤波-X LMS算法的主动控制系统,相对于采用普通橡胶悬置的被动系统,明显减少了对底座的力传递,减振效果明显.     

Optimal control of structural vibrations using a mixed-mode magnetorheological fluid mount

In this work, a mixed-mode magnetorheological (MR) mount is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a flexible beam structure subjected to external disturbances. On the basis of non-dimensional Bingham number, an appropriate size of the MR mount is designed and manufactured. After experimentally evaluating the field-dependent damping force of the MR mount, a structural system consisting of a flexible beam and vibrating rigid mass is established. The governing equation of motion of the system is derived and expressed as a state space control model. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is then designed in order to attenuate the vibration of the structural system. The controller is empirically realized and control responses such as acceleration and displacement of the structural system are evaluated and presented in frequency domain.     

复杂机械系统多维耦合振动传递矩阵分析

以特性传递矩阵描述复杂机械系统中子结构输入、输出力与速度矢量关系,提出了复杂振源激励、多弹性支承与基础板结构三维耦合隔振系统传递矩阵力学模型。考虑隔振支承多维波动效应,推证了弹性支承耦合振动传递矩阵,为复杂系统功率流特性及隔振器多维驻波效应研究确立了有效途经。数值模拟计算表明,基础板结构的前两阶弯曲共振模态是高频域系统功率流提高的主要原因。振源力矩或垂向激振力诱发的隔振器纵向谐振使系统功率流明显提高:增大基础板厚度,驻波共振峰值提高。     

DECOUPLING ACTUATORS WITHH∞ROBUST CONTROL FOR ACTIVELY ISOLATING VIBRATING MACHINES

A feedback controller designed to minimise the vibration transmitted to a flexible beam from a vibrating machine via two active isolation mounts is described. The state–space equation for the mechanical structure is obtained by performing modal analysis on the associated conservative structure.H_∞control methods are used to derive a decoupled (diagonal) controller which provides robustness against unmodeled high-order frequency dynamics and optimises the performance in terms of the frequency response shaping of the modal accelerations. The performances of the decoupled controller were found to be similar to those of the coupled (global) one.     

车辆发动机悬架系统现状与进展

理想的发动机悬架系统应隔离发动机工作转速范围内由发动机干扰力所引起的发动机振动，并阻止由冲击而激起的发动机弹跳，这意味着发动机悬架的动态刚度和阻尼是与频率和振幅有关的，改善依赖于频率和振幅特性的动态刚度与阻尼是发动机悬架系统发展的关键所在。传统的弹性悬架不能满足所有的要求，它仅能在静偏转和隔振之间进行折衷，特别在低频域，被动的液压悬架能比弹性悬架提供更好的特性，通常半主动技术，由于其可调性而被用来进一步改善液压悬架的特性，为了隔振、低频时主动发动机悬架系统非常硬，而在高频域内被调整的非常软，主动的发动机悬架已被认为是发动机悬架的新一代，发动机悬架系统的优化是相当可取的，但发动机悬架的优化工作出现一些局限性，文中综述国内，外发动机悬架技术的现状与进展。     

基于CPLD的旋转联接部件信号传输控制系统设计

针对固定部分的控制器与外部旋转执行机构之间的信号传输问题,对旋转联接部件信号传输控制系统的电路构成、控制模块与信号通信编解码等方面进行了研究,对旋转联接部件中的光通信过程进行了归纳,提出了一种以大规模可编程控制芯片CPLD为通信控制硬件核心,以激光作为数据通信载体的包含了控制信号接收、信号编码、光电转换、信号解码、信号反馈等多个功能模块的高速双向数据传输系统,并搭建了旋转联接部件实验平台对其中的旋转过程中信号传输的数据正确率和光信号传输的损耗率进行了测试。研究结果表明,基于大规模可编程控制技术的旋转联接部件信号传输控制器具有结构简单、工作性能可靠、光信号损耗小等优点,具有很强的实际应用价值。     

被动加载的内部反馈控制方法

提出电液加载的内部变量反馈控制方法。通过对可测量的内部变量反馈，补偿了活塞运动时流量的变化，使加载系统的跟踪没有滞后。反馈以后，改变了系统传递函数和动态性能，并将舵机运动干扰输出等效为一个较小的量。原理分析证明，采用类似于PID形式的内部反馈，可消除舵机运动的速度和加速度干扰。仿真结果表明，内部反馈在主从电液跟踪加载控制中能减小多余力的影响，系统特性的改善优于传统的前馈方法。     

发动机半主动控制液力悬置动特性仿真研究

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.笔者基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立力学模型和数学模型,进行动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析液力悬置的结构参数和液力参数对其动态特性的影响.进行液力悬置的台架试验,确定较可行的惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律,从而在较宽的频带内,达到良好的隔振效果.     

NOVEL 6-DOF WEARABLE EXOSKELETON ARM WITH PNEUMATIC FORCE-FEEDBACK FOR BILATERAL TELEOPERATION

A particular emphasis is put on a novel wearable exoskeleton arm, ZJUESA, with 6 degrees of freedom, which is used for the robot teleoperation with the force-feedback in the unknown environment. In this external structure mechanism, the 3-revolution-prismatic-spherical （3RPS） parallel mechanism is devised from the concept of the human upper-limb anatomy and applied for the shoulder 3-DOF joint. Meanwhile, the orthogonal experiment design method is introduced for its optimal design. Aiming at enhancing the performance of teleoperation, the force feedback is employed by the pneumatic system on ZJUESA to produce the vivid feeling in addition to the soft control interface. Due to the compressibility and nonlinearity of the pneumatic force feedback system, a novel hybrid fuzzy controller for the precise force control is proposed and realized based on the Mega8 microcontroller units as the units of the distributed control system on ZJUESA. With the results of several experiments for master-slave control with force feedback, the feasibility of ZJUESA system and the effect of its hybrid fuzzy controller are verified.     

High-accuracy servo press system for the clinching joint process

This paper focuses on the quality improvements on clinching joints using a servo press with a Radial basis function neural network and a sliding mode (RBFS) control strategy. Bottom thickness, which is affected by the press punch position, is usually used to monitor clinching joint quality. Traditional clinching presses are driven by pneumatic pistons or motors that provide feedback on punch force or motor position. However, this feedback is indirectly related to the joint bottom thickness. Clinching workers who set the control parameters on these presses depend on tests and statistics. Thus, this paper presents a servo press system that utilizes punch position feedback to directly control the joint bottom thickness. Transmission errors are considered for the movement accuracy of the servo press. A mathematical model of the servo press is established for analyzing. An algorithm, which combines RBF neural network and sliding mode, is proposed and applied for press position tracking. This algorithm adopts an RBF neural network to approximate the nominal model of the press system. The update law of the algorithm is based on the Lyapunov function used to prove the stability of a closed-loop system. The sliding mode controller compensates for the neural network error and disturbance. Finally, experiments are executed on the servo press with an RBFS controller. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a fuzzy PID controller is also applied to the press for comparison. The results indicate that the servo clinching press system with RBFS efficiently and accurately control the clinching jointing process.

     

基于模型参考自适应控制的直线电机位置控制

针对直线电机的强非线性和时变特性,采用模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)方法对SISO直线电机闭环位置控制器进行了研究。利用偶极子对消建立了简化的永磁直线电机二阶数学模型,提出了基于局部参数最优化MIT(梯度)方案和全局稳定性理论的Lyapunov方案下的二阶直线电机位置模型参考自适应控制器,并对自适应控制器下的直线电机闭环系统稳定性进行了分析研究。在相同的前馈加反馈的控制器下,对这两种方案下的实验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,基于Lyapunov第二方法设计的二阶控制器比MIT方法下的二阶控制器更能实现对三阶点到点轨迹输入信号的快速响应和跟踪,证实了直线电机位置自适应控制的有效性。     

基于比例调压阀的气动力觉系统开发

开发出一种用于夹钳式主从机器手的气动力觉系统。该系统可使操作者在主从操作中具有夹持力觉临场感,避免破坏易碎的操作对象。详细介绍了机械气动结构、力矩传感器的设计、位置传感器的安装。设计了主手PID控制器,实现对主机器手的位移信号发送与力矩伺服控制。制作试验样机并搭建了试验平台。通过对系统动态特性的分析验证了系统方案的可行性。