叔丁基过氧化氢环氧化合成环氧环己烷工艺研究

合成了钼 (Ⅵ )络合物———钼 (Ⅵ )合乙酰丙酮 ,并用元素分析和红外光谱技术对其进行了表征。合成并纯化了叔丁基过氧化氢 (t BuOOH) ,以此为环氧化剂 ,以钼 (Ⅵ )合乙酰丙酮为催化剂 ,研究了反应物料配比、溶剂和催化剂用量、反应温度、时间等因素对合成过程的影响 ,提出了钼 (Ⅵ )合乙酰丙酮催化环己烯、叔丁基过氧化氢合成环氧环己烷反应的机理。采用正交实验技术 ,优化出了较佳合成工艺条件 ,即n()∶n(t BuOOH) =3 5∶1 0 ,以n(t BuOOH) =0 1mol计 ,溶剂 10mL ,钼 (Ⅵ )合乙酰丙酮 0 1g ,反应温度 80℃ ,反应时间 6 0min。以t BuOOH计 ,环氧环己烷收率 99 5 % ,质量分数 99 9% (GC分析 )     

聚苯乙烯接枝钼(Ⅵ)络合物催化合成环氧环己烷的研究

合成了钼 ( )络合物——钼 ( )合乙酰丙酮 ,并用元素分析和红外光谱技术对其进行了表征。合成、纯化了叔丁基过氧化氢 (t- Bu OOH) ,以此为环氧化剂。合成出了大孔聚苯乙烯 -二乙烯苯树脂 ,采用相转移催化法接枝引入钼 ( )合乙酰丙酮 ,以它为催化剂 ,研究了反应物料配比 ,溶剂、催化剂用量 ,反应温度、时间等因素对合成过程的影响 ,建立了聚苯乙烯 -二乙烯苯接枝钼 (VI)合乙酰丙酮催化剂中 Mo的新分析方法和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析方法。采用正交实验技术 ,优化出了较佳合成工艺条件 ,即 ,n()∶n(t- Bu OOH) =3∶ 1,溶剂 10 m L ,催化剂 (以 Mo计 )～ 2 .0 3× 10 -2 g,反应温度～ 80℃ ,反应时间～ 6 0 min。以 t- Bu OOH计 ,环氧环己烷收率在 99.5 %以上 ,纯度约 99.9%(GC分析 )。     

相转移催化H2O2环氧化环己烯合成环氧环己烷

对反应控制相转移催化剂制备方法进行了改进,催化剂产率可达94%,并用红外光谱(IR)和元素分析对催化剂进行了表征;将催化剂用于以w(H2O2)=34.5%为氧化剂,以质量分数76.7%的工业粗环己烯为原料合成环氧环己烷;探讨了反应时间、反应温度、环己烯与H2O2的摩尔比、催化剂用量、溶剂用量等因素对反应的影响。获得的较佳合成条件(以0.08 mol H2O2计)为:反应温度40℃,反应时间90 m in,催化剂用量0.6 g,n(C6H10)∶n(H2O2)=2.5∶1,溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷70 mL。该条件下环氧环己烷平均选择性为96.1%,环氧环己烷的平均收率达91.7%。将回收的催化剂用于反应,环氧环己烷的平均选择性和平均收率分别为95.3%和90.9%。     

聚苯乙烯接枝聚乙二醇钼(Ⅵ)络合物合成、表征及对环己烯环氧化催化活性

合成了聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯（PS）接枝聚乙二醇（PEG）钼(Ⅵ)合乙酰丙酮［MoO₂(acac)₂］［简写为PS-PEG-MoO₂(acac)］,并对其进行了结构表征.实验表明,作为催化剂用于环己烯环氧化反应比小分子络合物MoO₂(acac)₂具有更优良的催化活性和选择性.建立了PS-PEG-MoO₂(acac)催化剂中Mo分析和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析方法;探讨了PS-PEG-MoO₂(acac)催化剂合成过程诸因素的影响;优化出环氧环己烷合成条件,即：以叔丁基过氧化氢为0.1mol计,环己烯与叔丁基过氧化氢摩尔比为3∶1,溶剂用量5ml,反应温度80℃,时间60min.该条件下,环氧环己烷收率（以t-BuOOH计）在99.5%以上,质量分数约99.5%(GC检测).PS接枝PEG-MoO₂(acac)催化剂使用5次后未发现活性明显减低.     

SiO2键合PEG钼(Ⅵ)配合物合成、表征及对环己烯环氧化催化活性

合成了SiO₂键合聚乙二醇（PEG）高分子配体,将钼（Ⅵ）合乙酰丙酮组装在该高分子配体上合成出SiO₂负载PEG钼（Ⅵ）配合物,并用元素分析、红外光谱以及X射线光电子能谱技术对其进行了结构表征.建立了SiO₂键合PEG钼（Ⅵ）配合物催化剂中Mo的化学分析新方法.实验表明：该配合物作为环己烯环氧化用催化剂,具有优良的催化活性和选择性.在叔丁基过氧化氢为0.1 mol、环己烯与叔丁基过氧化氢摩尔比为3.5∶1、溶剂10 ml、反应温度80 ℃、时间60 min条件下,环氧环己烷收率（以叔丁基过氧化氢计）在99.2%以上,质量分数≥99.5%（GC检测）.     

席夫碱钼(Ⅵ)配合物催化合成环氧环己烷

以合成的水杨醛缩2-氨甲基吡啶席夫碱钼配合物([MoO_2(L_1)(EtOH)])、邻羟基苯乙酮缩2-氨甲基吡啶席夫碱钼配合物([MoO_2(L_2)(EtOH)])、2-吡啶甲醛缩邻氨基酚席夫碱钼配合物([MoO_2(L_3)(EtOH)])为催化剂,研究了叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)作氧化剂时3种配合物在制备环氧环己烷中的催化活性。3种席夫碱配合物中[MoO_2(L_3)(EtOH)]的催化活性最高。详细考察了反应时间、温度、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量对环己烯转化率、环氧产物选择性的影响,筛选出了席夫碱钼催化剂最佳的反应条件:70℃,10 mg[MoO_2(L_3)(EtOH)],n(环己烯)∶n(叔丁基过氧化氢)=1∶2,反应5 h,环己烯的转化率为77.2%,环氧环己烷选择性99%,产率为77.2%。催化剂重复使用性实验表明,该席夫碱配合物具有较高的稳定性。     

SiO2负载双氯基桥联双核Mo(V)催化剂合成、表征及其催化环己烯环氧化性能

合成了SiO2负载双氯基桥联双核Mo(V)催化剂,并用红外光谱、X-光电子能谱测定及UV-vis光谱等方法进行了结构表征.结果表明:SiO2负载双氯基桥联双核Mo(V)中金属Mo(V)离子以双齿配位形式与SiO2表面氧键合,双核Mo(V)间以μ-双氯基桥联.实验发现,其作为催化剂用于环己烯环氧化反应的活性组分是Mo(VI)而不是Mo(V).在反应过程中,经环氧化剂叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BuOOH)处理后,具有很高的催化活性和选择性;研究探讨了其催化环己烯环氧化的反应机理;建立了催化剂中Mo分析和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析新方法;在n(t-BuOOH)=0.1mol,n(C6H10) : n(t-BuOOH) = 3 : 1,溶剂5 mL,催化剂用量(以Mo计) ～0.0216 g,反应温度80℃,时间60min反应条件下,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)在99% 以上,质量分数～ 99.5 %(GC检测).催化剂循环使用5次后,未见活性明显下降,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)仍接近99%.     

环氧环己烷的研制

介绍了环氧环己烷的合成方法,研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂用量、反应体系pH值等因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明:合成环氧环己烷的理想工艺条件为:n(环己烯)∶n(过氧乙酸)=1∶1.3,溶剂乙酸乙酯用量为环己烯质量的3倍,反应温度为25℃,滴加反应时间和补充反应时间分别为2h和1.5h,反应体系的pH值控制在5.0,产品收率达到94.9%,经精馏处理后,产品纯度达到97.5%以上。     

含氢环体与4-乙烯基环氧环己烷的硅氢加成反应研究

以含氢环体和VCHO(4-乙烯基环氧环己烷)为主要原料、甲苯为溶剂和氯铂酸-三苯基膦络合物为催化剂,采用硅氢加成反应法制备了环氧改性含氢环体。研究结果表明:以反应程度为考核指标,采用正交试验法优选出合成环氧改性含氢环体的最佳工艺条件是反应温度为85℃、m(催化剂)=1.00 mg、反应时间为6 h和n(含氢环体)∶n(VCHO)=1∶4。     

磷钨酸季铵盐催化合成环氧环己烷

以钨酸、磷酸、双氧水和氯化十六烷基吡啶为原料,合成了具有(C16H33C6H5N)3PO4(WO3)4结构的磷钨杂多酸季铵盐相转移催化剂,采用红外光谱和元素分析对所制得的催化剂进行表征。将该催化剂用于催化环己烯合成环氧环己烷的反应,结果表明,在催化剂用量2%、n(环己烯)∶n(双氧水)=2∶1、反应温度50℃、反应时间180 min的条件下,环氧环己烷的选择性达到98.86%,双氧水利用率达95.76%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.