APM对黄瓜幼叶细胞超微结构冷稳定性的影响

为了解微管骨架在维持植物抗寒力中的作用机理，本文采用透射电镜技术，以微管解聚剂APM（amiprophos-methyl,甲基氨草磷）喷洒黄瓜幼苗，继之低温处理，从超微结构水平上研究了微管解聚对黄瓜幼叶细胞超微结构冷稳定性的影响。结果表明：用浓度为15mg/L的APM喷洒黄瓜叶片48h后，幼苗生长缓慢，继之于4℃下低温处理48h、72h，超微结构显示APM处理过的幼叶，其叶肉细胞超微结构受到的损伤，尤其是质膜及其细胞内膜系统受到的损伤程度明显严重于未经APM处理的。这表明APM对微管骨架的破坏加得了低温对黄瓜幼叶细胞超微结构的损伤，从而使植株的抗寒力下降，这与观察到的各组处理幼苗的的外观形态表现是一致的。     

Poxvirus virions: their surface ultrastructure and interaction with the surface membrane of host cells

Virions of vaccinia and orf viruses were examined by ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscopy using a non-coating method. Intracellular mature particles of vaccinia virus appeared to be covered with a net and ultrastructurally their surface consists of many fine ridges and globules, while the surfaces of orf virus mature particles recovered from infected cells consist of spirally running protrusions. The ridge-like structures of vaccinia virus were presumed to correspond to surface tubules shown by negative staining of this virus, while the spiral protrusions of orf virus were presumed to correspond to spiral threads having a criss-cross appearance by the same staining. Using scanning electron microscopy in which the samples were prepared by the conventional method, we observed: (i) many virions, i.e. one or two hundreds, or occasionally more reaching about one thousand particles, of the IHD strain of vaccinia virus, (ii) many or a moderate number of virions, i.e. about one hundred or fewer particles, of the 58 strain of cowpox virus and (iii) rather few virions, i.e. several tens or fewer particles, of the Iwate strain of orf virus on the free surface of each cell infected with these viruses. It must be noted that the number of virions detected considerably differed in respective cells examined. Virus budding was frequently observed at the cell surface of monolayer cells infected with vaccinia virus but it was never detected with cowpox or orf virus, indicating a difference in the mechanism of virus release between vaccinia and the other two viruses. When whole cells infected with vaccinia virus were examined by a combination of high-voltage and scanning electron microscopies, virions on the cell surface and those inside the cells were clearly differentiated. All virions on the cell surface had an envelope, and some of the envelopes had a slack and/or one or more bulges.     

小麦不同发育时期旗叶叶绿体结构与多糖的动态变化

以往有关小麦旗叶的研究多集中在生理生化方面,对不同时期旗叶的生理生化特性及其叶片结构动态变化的研究尚不多见.本文应用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微组织化学和紫外分光光度计等技术和方法,对高产小麦品系（小偃81）开花前后旗叶叶绿体数目与超微结构变化,以及多糖的显微定位与含量等进行了研究.结果表明：小麦旗叶叶肉细胞中的叶绿体数目、叶绿体基粒类囊片数目和垛叠数随着小麦开花期的到来逐渐增多,至开花后的灌浆期均达最高值,此后随之明显下降.与此同时,多糖与蔗糖含量等也有相似的变化趋势.我们认为：在小麦开花前后,特别是灌浆期,旗叶上述特征与小麦的光合效率及产量关系极为密切.本文的观察结果为高产小麦的选育和栽培管理提供了参考依据.     

PC12细胞凋亡及其细胞膜表面超微结构的原子力显微镜形态学观察

本文采用原子力显微镜(AFM)对PC12细胞的凋亡及其膜表面超微结构进行了实验研究，研究表明AFM可直接观察PC12细胞的生长情况，凋亡细胞膜发生皱缩、凹陷，并形成微绒毛消失的凋亡小体等现象。AFM有望发展成为一种研究细胞凋亡的工具。     

链格孢菌毒素对紫茎泽兰叶组织超微结构的影响

用导致世界恶性杂草紫茎泽兰自然致病的链格孢菌(Ahemaria ahemata(Fr．)Keissler)强致病菌株所产生的毒素处理紫茎泽兰顶端第2对真叶,研究该毒素对紫茎泽兰叶肉细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明毒素处理4h后,细胞出现质壁分离,叶绿体变形;24h后叶肉细胞的细胞壁变形甚至断裂,质膜断裂;叶绿体变形严重,类囊体片层解体,叶绿体膜膨胀、断裂。叶肉细胞的叶绿体受损伤程度大,暗示了毒素的作用方式很可能是抑制光合作用。     

The ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of the cells of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in rats

Samples of tissue from malignant fibrous histiocytoma of rats induced by subcutaneous injection of paraffin pill-enclosed DMBA were studied for localization of acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases (15 samples) and cell ultrastructure (10). Tumours showed cellular heterogeneity consisting of 5 types of cells: histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, giant multinuclear xanthomatous and undifferentiated. Acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases were found both in histiocyte-like and fibroblast-like cells which means that those enzymes are not the specific markers of tumors arising from monocytic-macrophagal system. Histochemical and ultrastructural features of experimental malignant fibrous histiocytoma were similar to those of its human analogue.     

‘麦香’桃叶片变色期色素含量及超微结构的变化

本文以桃的栽培品种‘麦香’（Prunus persica‘mai xiang’）为试材,在8月中旬其叶片由绿变紫红时,对其不同叶位的叶片色素含量进行了测定;以叶色维持绿色不变的品种‘照手姬’桃（Prunus persica‘terutehime’）为对照,并观察了这2个品种的叶片细胞超微结构。结果表明：当花色苷与总叶绿素、类胡萝卜含量的比值约为1∶3.86∶0.43时叶片开始转为淡紫色;当三者含量的比值达到1∶1.70∶0.18时,‘麦香’的整个叶片转变为紫色;当三者的比值大于1∶1.35∶0.16时,叶片的紫色加深变为紫红色。超微结构研究发现,‘麦香’的顶端嫩叶与‘照手姬’的存在显著差异,‘照手姬’桃叶绿体基粒片层清晰,而此时‘麦香’叶绿体基粒片层已表现出明显的松散,线粒体膜有降解现象,而且在上表皮细胞和栅栏组织的液泡中已存在不明物质,这种幼龄期表现的衰老迹象,可能是‘麦香’桃的早熟性决定的。在基部叶片的超微结构中,两品种都出现了相似的衰老现象,即叶绿体片层结构严重扭曲并出现解体现象、嗜锇颗粒增多变大、线粒体外膜解体,内嵴混乱。此外’麦香’叶片中还显示出特有的结构：栅栏组织细胞的液泡和上表皮细胞出现大量絮状或粒状的黑色物质。本实验结果表明,‘麦香’桃叶片的成色取决于花色苷和总叶绿素的比例,‘麦香’桃在变色期合成花色苷,然后可能运输到栅栏组织的液泡和上表皮细胞,使叶片呈现紫红色。     

表面光栅垂直腔面发射激光器偏振特性研究

研究了表面光栅结构对垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的偏振控制作用。引入表面光栅后,对不同刻蚀深度下的偏振相关的镜面损耗进行了仿真,结果表明表面光栅刻蚀深度在44~130 nm范围内均可实现稳定偏振,具有较大的工艺容差。表面光栅VCSEL在基横模工作状态下偏振抑制比(Orthogonal Polarization Suppression Ratio, OPSR)超过20 dB,偏振光谱峰间偏振抑制比达到40 dB,且在多横模状态也实现了有效的偏振控制。为了进一步验证光栅对偏振控制的效果,制作了方向互相垂直的两种表面光栅,具有这两种方向光栅的VCSEL的OPSR均达20 dB以上。测试分析表明表面光栅是VCSEL实现稳定偏振的一种有效手段。     

特种动物毛纤维表面形态和超微结构的研究

本文应用电镜技术,对３个种类１３个品种的特种动物毛纤维进行了表面形态和超微结构的研究。结果表明,不同种的动物毛纤维肯人独特的表面形态特征,在内部超微结构上的存在明显的差别。这一结果,对各种纤维的鉴别,正确的区分动物的种属,提供了可靠的依据。     

Propagation characteristics of magnetoelastic surface wave

The propagation characteristics of a magnetoelastic surface wave in ferrites are described using numerical calculations pertinent to gallium-y.i.g.     

航天器起伏表面的红外辐射特性

采用随机表面的计算机生成方法模拟了卫星表面起伏形貌;考虑了空间环境的辐射热流,采用蒙特卡罗法计算起伏表面面元间的辐射传递系数,完成了起伏表面的温度分布计算;考虑表面双向反射分布函数,建立了起伏表面随方向变化的红外辐射强度计算模型,并且以卫星常用的镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜材料为例,分析了空间目标起伏表面的红外辐射特性。计算结果表明:随机起伏表面的红外辐射特性与理想平面的红外辐射特性差别明显;表面温度分布和红外辐射分布与表面的起伏形貌特征相关性很强。其结果可以为空间目标红外探测技术的研究提供更加有效的支撑。     

Real-time road surface and semantic lane estimation using deep features

In this article, we present a robust real-time road surface and semantic lane marker estimation algorithm using the deconvolution neural network and extra trees-based decision forest. Our proposed algorithm simultaneously performs three environment perception tasks on colour and depth images, even under challenging conditions, namely road surface estimation, lane marker localization, and lane marker semantic information estimation. The lane marker semantic information implies the lane marker type such as dotted lane marker or continuous lane marker. The task of road surface estimation is performed with a trained deconvolution neural network. For the lane marker localization task, a scene-based extra trees regression framework is used to localize the lane markers in the given road. To account for the variations in the number and characteristics of the lane markers in the road scene, multiple regression models indexed with scene labels are used. The pre-defined scene labels correspond to the lane marker variations in a given scene, and an extra trees-based classification model is trained to estimate them from the road features. The road features, given as an input to the extra trees frameworks, are extracted from the road image using the trained filters of the deconvolution network. The proposed algorithm is validated using multiple acquired datasets. A comparative analysis is also conducted with baseline algorithms, and an improved accuracy is reported. Moreover, a detailed parameter evaluation is also performed. We report a computational time of 90 ms per frame.     

桉树叶片的解剖结构与其对焦枯病抗性的关系

选取福建省11个桉树(Eucalyptus spp)主栽种系中对焦枯病(Clindrocladium quinqueseptatum)的高抗种系巨赤桉9224和高感种系巨桉5号进行叶片解剖结构特征研究,结果表明:(1)巨赤按9224的叶片蜡质含量明显高于巨桉5号,桉树叶片的蜡质层是抵抗和延迟病原茵侵入的最外层防线;(2)2种按树下表皮气孔密度与其抗痛性相关性小,而巨赤桉9224的气孔小,气孔下陷更深,不利于病原侵入,表现出抗性高;(3)巨赤桉9224的叶片比巨桉5号厚,表现为上下表皮角质层厚,栅栏组织细胞层数更多,栅栏组织,海绵组织比大,叶肉细胞排列更紧密,可以抵抗病菌的侵入和扩展,成为抗病的又一个结构屏障;(4)巨赤桉9224的叶绿体数量多,累积淀粉多,抗性也随之增强.据此可以把桉树叶片蜡质含量作为鉴定桉树种系抗性的一种快速手段,桉树叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度及其细胞排列紧密度作为桉树抗焦枯病的辅助指标.     

油罐目标表面温度场特性研究

针对油罐目标在军事打击中的重要战略地位,提出了一种油罐目标温度场的建模方法.首先,分析了油罐目标的结构特性,在此基础上简化了目标结构,将油罐体分为5个部分、采用2种坐标系进行分析;其次,对油罐目标进行了网格划分,明确了各节点之间的几何关系;然后,分4种情况分析了不同控制体的热平衡状态,建立了控制体的热平衡方程;最后,通...     

光学元件表面洁净度对其表面散射特性的影响

针对光学系统在实际工作中元件表面污染粒子对光的散射问题,以空气中Al2O3污染粒子为例,基于米氏散射理论,模拟和分析了元件表面双向反射分布函数（BRDF）随散射角的变化规律,进而定量计算了元件表面全积分散射值（TIS）。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响表面洁净度的三个主要因素（空气洁净度、工作面朝向和曝露时间）对元件表面BRDF及其TIS值的影响。结果表明,空气洁净度等级、工作面放置方向和曝露时间等对元件表面散射量的影响均较为明显。其中,工作面的放置方向对元件表面的散射影响尤为突出,水平向上放置（TIS=1.9310-4）较之垂直放置时（TIS=8.0710-5）散射量增大一个量级,而较之工作面水平向下放置时（TIS=3.1210-6）增大两个量级。最后,以卡塞格伦望远镜为例,针对其主镜的污染容限问题,分析了不同空气洁净度条件下主镜表面洁净度达到污染容限所用的曝露时间,可为实际工作中污染控制和保证系统对微弱目标信号的有效探测提供参考。     

地物环境对地面大气电场测量的影响

地物环境对地面大气电场测量结果的影响较大,这在地面大气电场仪联网中将会影响以致失去各观测点数据间的可比性。针对这一问题将地面上凸出的建筑物、树木等简化为形状规则的立方体、柱体和球体三种基本单元,分别对这三种基本单元周围的大气电场进行了计算和讨论,并采用电磁场仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell进行了仿真分析,得出了地面凸出物的形状、距离、高度对大气电场影响的解析关系式以及不同条件下的环境修正系数。     

IR reflection spectra of the silicate surface layer of yellowed rice plant leaf

We have investigated the IR reflectional properties of the three-hold cytrogical surface layer (kutchikura layer on silicate layer n(SiO₂) on silicate cellulose layer C₆H₁₀Si_xO_y) and that of chlorophyll, a(C₅₅H₇₂M_gN₄O₅) etc., present in bladder's cells by using our experimental method. From analysis of three set of anisotropical reflection spectra assigned as due to CO, SiO and NC surface oscillators contained in the cytrogical cells and measured at 2500 2200 cm^?1, 1200 700 cm^?1 and at 700 200 cm^?1 regions, we have confirmed some important results. One is their quantized directional distributions that of the numbers of fine step spectrum and that of the reflection integrals of these spectra. Here, that of the NC oscillators were found to distribute in pentagonal directions relating to the molecular structure of chlorophyll. Second, we confirmed the pecularity of eight fine step-series measured in these sensitive spectra comparing with that of bamboo's seven series. Third, from analysis of the stepnized variation of the “reflection integrals”, we estimated the origin of this effect as which is presumably due to statistical, transfer of the 2p₄ valence electrons etc. in the oxygen atoms from C=O, Si=O double bonding side upto the shallower quantized states, E(N,J) which were formed softly around the and surface oscillators. And these surface oscillators were confirmed as to make photo-chemical reaction process by receiving energy higher than ～24 m eV especially under the illumination of sunshine etc.     

条带开采条件下地表移动与变形特征的预测研究

某矿150506工作面开采属于多煤层重复开采,控制地表村庄等建筑物变形是采矿业迫切需要解决的难题之一,本文通过条采下沉系数、拐点偏距、主要影响角正切、水平移动系数经验计算得到三种回采方案下的地表移动与变形特征参数,为工作面安全回采优选了条采方案。