Growth differences of Capnocytophaga canimorsus strains and some other fastidious organisms on various Columbia-based blood agar media

It is a little-known fact that lightning casualties often involve travel or transportation. López and colleagues, in their studies on the epidemiology of lightning injuries, have reported that 10% of lightning injuries are categorized under transportation. In the majority of their cases, victims were struck while standing outside or near their vehicles during a thunderstorm. During my review of the neurologic complications of lightning injuries, I was impressed by the number of case reports in which the victim was struck while either in or near a vehicle, airplane or vessel. In this article, I shall put forth information on four aspects of lightning that relate to the danger to people traveling in vehicles, boats, and airplanes. First, I shall deal with lightning safety on ships and boats. People who enjoy recreational sailing, including the "weekend sailor" and those who enjoy fishing from a boat, should be fortified with knowledge about lightning protection. Second, I shall consider the matter of lightning strikes to aircraft. In the third section, I shall discuss the question of lightning safety in automobiles. Fourth, I shall review those cases found in my literature review in which the victim was struck while in or near a vehicle, boat, or airplane.     

浅析供电线路的防雷措施

介绍供电线路遭受雷击的原因与危害和防雷装置的工作原理,并结合矿山的实际应用着重的介绍了供电线路中常用且有效的几种防雷措施,正确的采用防雷措施可以避免供电线路因雷击而出现故障,保护重要的建筑和设备,保证矿山的安全生产。对其他矿山的供电线路的防雷具有借鉴意义。     

排岩机的直击雷防护

矿山大型生产设备排岩机位于排岩场空旷地带,位置较高并移动作业,极容易受到雷击。在矿山排岩机及皮带系统的防雷方案中,避雷装置的选型、位置合理布控及与固定接地装置有效的连接是问题的关键。     

MRI of lightning injury: early white matter changes associated with cerebral dysfunction

A previously healthy male was struck by lightning. He developed neurologic deficits, including mild cerebral brain dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed numerous foci of hyperintensity on long TR images, scattered throughout the supratentorial white matter. To our knowledge, the early MRI findings of lightning injury have not been previously reported.     

Lightning Protection of Airport Runway

The runway of an international airport on the west coast of India was struck by lightning three times in succession at the rate of once every year. On two occasions the runway proper was damaged, and on the third the road around the periphery of the runway was cracked and a coconut tree burnt. A part of the runway was built on an embankment of a height varying from 30?to?40?m, and the periphery road was close to the embankment. The strategic importance of the runway and the fact that the vegetation around the embankment provided a sacrificial protection led to making a study of the cause of the problem of lightning strike and working out a solution. That solution consisted of providing suitable lightning protection conforming to international and national standards for the runway, incidentally providing natural lightning protection using tall trees with good biomass for the root system. The problems confronting the airport authorities and the solution to those problems are presented in this paper.     

Impaired increase of prostaglandin E2 in gastric juice during steroid therapy in children

BACKGROUND: Lightning can cause a number of ocular complications. A case involving a patient who developed a cataract and reversible maculopathy in both eyes after being struck by lightning is reported. METHODS: The patient was evaluated for cataract and macular edema by ophthalmoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography, and potential acuity meter. RESULTS: Maculopathy developed that was characterized initially by a retinal cyst with surrounding edema. Later, the lesions evolved to simulate a full-thickness hole. These lesions subsequently resolved, and the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/20 in each eye after cataract extraction. CONCLUSION: Because the visual prognosis for lightning-induced maculopathy is potentially different than that for full-thickness macular holes, careful retinal examination is essential in the preoperative workup.     

Lightning-strike disaster: Effects on children's fears and worries.

Administered a fear survey to 29 10–13 yr old children and their mothers who had been participants or observers when lightning struck a soccer game with a force that knocked down most of the participants and observers and led to the death of 1 participant. Two control children were matched to each lightning-strike (LS) child for age, sex, and SES, making a total of 58 controls. In addition, measures of Ss' sleep disturbances and somatic complaints were obtained from their mothers, and the interviewer rated each LS S for the extent of emotional upset caused by the disaster. Results show that differences between the LS and control groups were most pronounced for child-reported fears. The generalization gradient was fairly consistent with expectations from classical conditioning theory. The correspondence between the mothers' and children's reports of intense storm-related fears was markedly larger in the LS Ss than in the controls. Child-reported fears showed a number of substantial relations with mother-reported sleep and somatic problems and with interviewer-rated emotional upset. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

变电站避雷器在线监测装置的研究与实践

介绍一种使用8031单片微机控制的高压避雷器在线监测装置。该系统能及时分析避雷器有功泄漏电流的变化情况,以判断高压避雷器是否老化或劣化,若检测到劣化避雷器时自动报警,自动显示劣化避雷器部位,便于及时更换。     

Strength of Glued-In Bolts after Full-Scale Loading

In 1993 after 9 years of use, one of the wooden blades of a windmill was struck by lightning. After demounting, the damaged blade was handed over to the Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, for the investigation of potential fatigue damage. This paper presents an experimental determination of the residual strength of the glued-in bolts that served as the blade to rotor hub connection in the windmill. The load history of the bolts, the test method, the observed fracture modes, and the force displacement curves are presented along with the recorded residual strength of the bolts. The bolts with a length of 500 mm had a special hollow tapering giving them a higher load-bearing capacity than solid bolts of equal dimensions. An FEM analysis confirms the higher load-bearing capacity. The mean residual stength was found to be 362 kN with a standard deviation of 37 kN, which is 95% of the predicted strength based on short-term tests on similar bolts. At fracture, a displacement between 0.4 and 1.0 mm was observed. In the majority of failures, the bolts were pulled out like a cork from a bottle.     

变电站通信系统防雷技术的研究与应用

针对通信系统设备因雷击经常损坏的问题,采取综合性措施对系统防雷设施进行了改进和完善.     

专用铁路站场监控设备的综合防雷技术分析与措施

由铁路站场电视监控设备受雷电侵袭的实例说明防雷的必要性。分析直击雷和感应雷的危害,针对感应雷损坏电子设备比例高的情况,结合站场实际情况,对监控系统的5个关键环节提出综合防雷措施,指出选择避雷器的注意细节和数据传输线路避雷器的选择依据。     

专用铁路站场监控设备的综合防雷技术分析与措施(续)

由铁路站场电视监控设备受雷电侵袭的实例说明防雷的必要性。分析直击雷和感应雷的危害,针对感应雷损坏电子设备比例高的情况,结合站场实际情况,对监控系统的5个关键环节提出综合防雷措施,指出选择避雷器的注意细节和数据传输线路避雷器的选择依据。     

新型防雷及抗干扰方法在电铲控制系统的应用

电铲是采区主要采掘设备,其弱电控制系统是电铲正常可靠运行的关键。由于雷击或电磁干扰造成弱电控制系统装置的损坏或工作异常等故障,已成为影响电铲安全正常运行的重要因素。针对现有电铲控制系统防雷抗干扰现状、存在的问题及影响,研究了一种新型防雷抗干扰方法,并分析了其在电铲弱电控制系统中的应用和实施效果。实际运行表明,新型防雷抗干扰方法能够有效提高电铲弱电控制系统防雷及抗干扰能力,对电铲及其他弱电控制系统防雷抗干扰的研究和应用具有积极的现实意义,且有着很好的推广价值。     

Effect of hypertonic saline solution and dextran on ventricular blood flow and heart-lung interaction after hemorrhagic shock

BACKGROUND: Hypertonic saline solutions may have beneficial hemodynamic effects in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. The effects on cardiac function and potential interaction with lung function are controversial and served as the basis for this study. METHODS: Domestic swine were resuscitated from hemorrhagic shock with equivalent sodium loads of lactated Ringer's solution (LR) or 7.5% NaCl plus 10% dextran (HSD). Hemodynamic data were obtained at baseline, shock, and after resuscitation. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular change in pressure with respect to time (dP/dt) were used to index contractility. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined with microspheres. Lung water was determined gravimetrically. RESULTS: There were no differences in the ability to restore hemodynamic parameters with equivalent sodium loads of LR and HSD resuscitation. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular change in pressure with respect to time were only transiently affected by shock and resuscitation. Regional myocardial blood flow was increased above baseline values after HSD. The total resuscitation volumes were 1958 +/- 750 mL and 140 +/- 31 mL with LR and HSD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although LR and HSD were equally effective in the early resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock, this occurred at the expense of significantly greater volume requirements for resuscitation with LR. This may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in this setting. Enhanced regional myocardial blood flow after HSD resuscitation may be beneficial against ongoing myocardial stress.     

Evolution of the Total Lightning Activity in a Leading-Line and Trailing Stratiform Mesoscale Convective System over Beijing

Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform (LLTS) mesoscale convective system (MCS) over Beijing on 31 July 2007.Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud (IC) lightning,while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning to -CG lightning was 1:4,which was higher than the average value from previous studies.The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo,particularly at the leading edge of the front.Little IC lightning and little +CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region.The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure.During the storm's development,most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of ～9.5 km;the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km,the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm.When the thunderstorm began to dissipate,the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually.The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground,although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.     

矿山高压供电架空线路防雷措施及效果

矿山高压供电系统的稳定性对矿山企业的生产和安全起着至关重要的作用,而雷电因其突发性和不确定性经常通过高压供电架空线路给矿山用电设备造成巨大影响和损失。为减少因雷电带来的损失,桓仁矿业有限公司对松兰矿、向阳矿的高压供电线路加装了避雷线,在配电室附近安装避雷针等措施。经过几年的实践证明,防雷效果显著。     

浅谈矿区防雷系统应用

背景:雷电是发生在大气中的声、光、电等物理现象,其放电电流可达数十千安,甚至数百千安。目的:经过有效措施降低雷击损失。方法:针对雷电伤害的直接雷击危害、雷电波入侵、雷电电磁脉冲辐射、地电位反击四个方面进行系统防雷。结果:通过对防雷系统的设计研究,从而有效缩减矿山地区雷击灾害。     

Rational management of cardiac arrest

When immediate defibrillation fails, successful cardiac resuscitation is contingent on prompt reestablishment of myocardial blood flow. Conventional methods of closed-chest resuscitation generates only critical levels of myocardial blood flow and therefore are of limited value for successful resuscitation. Methods that optimize the site, depth, rate and duration of precordial compression may increase myocardial blood flow, however, the lack of objective measurements of their hemodynamic effects limits the optimal performance of this resuscitation method. With the recognition that elimination of CO2 is flow limited, measurement of end-expired PCO2 has emerged as a practical option for continuous assessment of systemic blood flow and coronary perfusion pressure. With measurement of the end-expired PCO2, operator fatigue may be recognized, the technique of precordial compression may be optimized, and the likelihood of restoring spontaneous circulation may be estimated. When conventional cardiac resuscitation fails or is predicted to fail by measurements of end-tidal PCO2, more effective interventions such as open-chest direct cardiac massage may be instituted. Regarding the vast resuscitation polypharmacy, only agents that act by selectively augmenting coronary perfusion pressure and myocardial blood flow are of proven benefit for successful resuscitation.     

对电厂防雷接地系统有关问题的探讨

攀枝花新钢钒公司热电厂针对雷击引起的事故,对防雷问题进行联合技术攻关,制定了综合性防雷措施,并成功地实施了全面整改。     

Different tyrosine autophosphorylation requirements in fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 mediate urokinase-type plasminogen activator induction and mitogenesis

BACKGROUND: Although rapid fluid resuscitation continues to be an important component of the initial therapy for trauma patients, it remains unknown whether the rate of fluid administration after trauma-hemorrhage has any deleterious or beneficial effects on immunity. METHODS: Male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to sham operation or soft-tissue trauma (midline laparotomy) and hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial blood pressure of 35+/-5 mm Hg for 90 minutes) followed by resuscitation with four times the volume of shed blood in the form of lactated Ringer's solution over 30 minutes (rapid rate), 60 minutes (moderate rate), or 120 minutes (slow rate). The animals were killed at either 4 hours or 4 days after the end of trauma-hemorrhage. Spleens were harvested and splenocyte interleukin (IL)-3 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release as well as splenic macrophage IL-1beta and IL-6 release were determined. RESULTS: The results indicate that at 4 hours after trauma-hemorrhage, splenocyte IL-3 and IFN-gamma release were significantly depressed in all animals subjected to trauma-hemorrhage compared with sham-operated animals. At 4 days after trauma-hemorrhage, splenocyte IL-3 and IFN-gamma release were restored in mice resuscitated with the slow rate of resuscitation; however, the release of these cytokines remained significantly depressed in animals resuscitated with the moderate or rapid rates. Splenic macrophage IL-1beta and IL-6 release were significantly depressed at 4 hours after trauma-hemorrhage. At 4 days after trauma-hemorrhage, the release of these proinflammatory cytokines was still depressed in animals resuscitated with the rapid rate. In contrast, splenic macrophage IL-1beta and IL-6 release were restored in mice receiving the slow rate of resuscitation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a slower rate of fluid resuscitation after trauma-hemorrhage leads to a faster restoration of the depressed cell-mediated immunity, whereas rapid fluid resuscitation produces a prolonged depression of immune responses. In view of this, we propose that a prospective clinical study of this type must be performed in a select group of trauma patients to determine whether or not a slower rate of fluid resuscitation also improves immune responses in trauma patients.