BZN三元系焦绿石陶瓷离子取代改性研究

本文研究了稀土离子Sm3 取代Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5(BZN)基陶瓷Bi(1.5-x)SmxZnNb1.507的A位元素Bi3 后,对其物相结构与介电性能的影响.采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺制各陶瓷样品.利用XRD、SME等测试手段对样品进行测试,未用Sm2O3取代的纯三元系BZN陶瓷为立方焦绿石单相;当Sm2O3取代量较少时(0相似文献   

Y3+取代对(Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Nb0.5Ti1.5)O7陶瓷显微结构与介电性能的影响

研究了Y3 取代的(Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Nb0.5Ti0.5)O7(BZNT)基陶瓷(Bi1.5-xYx Zn0.5)(Nb0.5Ti1.5)O7(0≤x≤1.5,BYZNT)的显微结构和介电性能。采用传统的固相反应法制备陶瓷样品,XRD分析样品的相结构。结果表明:BZNT陶瓷的相结构中主相为立方焦绿石相;在整个取代范围内,BYZNT陶瓷的结构仍然保持主相为立方焦绿石的相结构。同时,随着Y3 取代的增加,晶胞体积减小,介电性能随结构的变化而呈现有规律的变化。其介电性能为:εr≈73-180,tanδ≈1.6％-0.4％,αε≈(-583-89)× 10-6／℃(1MHz)。     

Er3+替代Bi3+对Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7陶瓷烧结温度的影响

研究了Er3 替代Bi3 对Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7系介质材料结构和性能的影响,并借助X射线、扫描电镜、Agilent4284测试仪对其相结构和介电性能进行分析.研究结果表明:经Er3 替代的BZN陶瓷样品烧结温度升高(从960℃升高到1000℃);随着Er3 替代量的增加,Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7系介质材料的晶粒尺寸、介电常数、介电损耗都有所变化;当替代量x=0.1时,介电性能最佳,介电常数为78.7165,介电损耗为0.00134.     

V2O5掺杂对(Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5)O7介质陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统的固相反应法制备陶瓷试样,借助XRD,SEM和LCR测试仪,研究了V2O5掺杂对(Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5)O7介质陶瓷的烧结特性和介电性能的影响.结果表明,掺杂适量V2O5后试样的烧结温度明显降低,相结构仍为立方焦绿石单相,且具有良好的介电性能:介电常数(εr)为135～154,介电损耗(tan δ)为0.0033～0.0007,频率温度系数(τf)为-442～-387(2MHz).     

锑替代铋对铋锌铌陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了Sb3＋替代Bi3＋对Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5（BZN）系介质材料结构和性能的影响,并借助X射线、扫描电镜、LCR4284测试仪对其相结构和介电性能进行分析。研究结果表明,经Sb3＋替代的BZN陶瓷样品成瓷温度仍为1 000℃;随着Sb3＋替代量的增加,Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5系介质材料的晶粒尺寸、介电常数、介电损耗都有所变化。当替代量x=0.4时,介电性能最佳,介电常数为184,介电损耗为0.001。     

Ta_2O_5掺杂Bi_2O_3–ZnO–Nb_2O_5陶瓷的晶体结构、结晶化学及介电性能

采用固相反应法制备Bi1.5ZnNb1.5–xTaxO7陶瓷,研究了不同掺杂量Ta2O5对Bi2O3–ZnO–Nb2O5陶瓷相结构、晶体化学特性和介电性能的影响。结果表明:当x≤0.1时,样品均保持单一的立方焦绿石结构(α–BZN)。通过对样品结晶化学计算发现,随着Ta2O5掺杂量的增加,晶格常数a逐渐减小,结晶化学参数键价和AV(O')[A4]增大,AV(O)[A2B2]减小,48f(O)坐标ξ增加。在组成样品晶体结构的多面体中,由6个48f(O)组成的八面体结构(BO6)逐渐变得扭曲,而6个48f(O)和2个8b(O')组成的六面体结构逐渐变得规则,向正立方体结构变化。室温下样品的介电常数和损耗随Ta2O5掺杂量的增加而减小,弛豫度逐渐减小。     

添加表面活性剂对Bi2O3—ZnO—Nb2O5系陶瓷温度系数的影响

研究了原料混合球磨研磨时,加入表面活性剂对Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5(BZN)系复相区陶瓷的相组成及性能的影响.依据最佳的(Bi3xZn2-3x)(ZnxNb2-x)O7陶瓷配方,采用固相反应法制备BZN陶瓷试样.在原料混合球磨研磨时,加入具有醇和胺双重性质的两性表面活性剂,借助XRD,DTA,SEM和HP4274A阻抗分析仪等研究手段,研究实验制备的BZN陶瓷试样的相结构与介电性能.结果表明试样的相结构仍为焦绿石立方结构α相和单斜结构β相的(α+β)复相焦绿石结构;在制备过程中加入表面活性剂,可降低Bi2O3,ZnO,Nb2O5原料固液界面表面张力,破坏原料的团聚状态,达到各种原料的充分混合,从而促进了在较低温度下形成相对较多的立方焦绿石α相,提高了相组成的稳定性.大大扩大了符合零温度系数[(0±30)×10-6/℃]要求的烧成范围,且此BZN陶瓷介电常数高(ε≥105)、介电损耗小(tgδ＜10-4).     

含Sr铋基焦绿石材料的介电弛豫性能

采用传统固相反应烧结工艺制备(Bi1.5Zn0.5–xSrx)(Ti1.5Nb0.5)O7(BZTN,x=0.30,0.32,0.34,0.36,摩尔分数)铋基焦绿石陶瓷,研究该体系陶瓷的化学组成对物相结构、介电性能和弛豫特性的影响。X射线衍射分析表明:当Sr离子取代量较小时(x0.36),材料的相结构仍然保持立方焦绿石单相结构;当x=0.36时,出现微量SrTiO3杂相,但仍保持立方焦绿石主晶相结构。Sr离子的取代对介电性能产生显著影响:随着Sr离子取代量增加,样品的相对介电常数先增大后减小,介电损耗逐渐减小,并具有较大的正温度系数。观察到铋基焦绿石介电陶瓷的高温介电异常行为:系列样品在200～300℃,均出现明显的介电弛豫现象,并分析与讨论高温介电弛豫性能。     

Bi1.5+xZn1.0Nb1.5O7+1.5x（x=0.075,0.15）陶瓷的结构和介电性能

采用固相反应法,以立方焦绿石Bi_1.5Zn_1.0Nb_1.5O₇（BZN）为配方基础,通过改变Bi³⁺离子与O^2-离子的浓度,形成非化学计量比Bi_1.5+xZN_1.0Nb_1.5O_7+1.5x（x=0.075,0.15）陶瓷。研究了不同Bi含量和烧结温度对BZN陶瓷的结构、微观形貌以及介电性能的影响。结果表明制备的非化学计量比BZN陶瓷在不高于1050℃时,呈现焦绿石单相结构;随着烧结温度增加到1100℃,x=0.075,出现ZnO杂相;x=0.15,出现Bi₂O₃杂相。随着x值的增大,BZN陶瓷样品的晶格常数、密度以及介电常数都逐渐增加。     

(Bi2-yCay)(Zn1/3 Ta2/3)2O7陶瓷的介电弛豫和介电性能

研究了(Bi2-yCay)(Zn1/3Ta2/3)2O7(0≤y≤1)材料的组成、结构与介电性能.当Ca含量增加时,材料的相结构由单斜焦绿石相转变为立方焦绿石相.样品在20～85℃,1 MHz时的介电常数温度系数由72×10-6/℃逐渐增加到470×10-6/℃,然后降为-100×10-6/℃,样品在微波频率下的品质因数Q值从1 250逐渐降低至40.在-60～160℃,观测到(Bi1.2Ca0.8)(Zn1/3Ta2/3)2O7样品出现介电弛豫现象.随着Ca含量的增加,介电损耗的弛豫峰向高温移动.比较了同为立方结构相的(Bi2-yCay)(Zn1/3Ta2/3)2O7(0.7＜y＜1)和(Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5·Ta1.5)O7介电弛豫温区移动的差异并分析了其形成原因.     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.