多普勒频率补偿算法在GPS信号捕获中的应用

在GPS卫星高速运动和地面GPS接收机的移动中,由于卫星和接收机之间的径向速度引起了载波多普勒频移、C/A码的多普勒频移和数据码的多普勒频移,多普勒频移会对GPS接收机的信号捕获产生影响,使其准确度下降。针对上述情况,在常用的相干积分结合非相干积分的GPS信号捕获方案中引入一种多普勒频率补偿算法,并对此算法进行相应的仿真。结果表明该设计方案是可行的,引入的补偿算法能够有效消除多普勒频移对GPS信号捕获的影响,能够实现对GPS卫星信号的多普勒和码相的准确捕获。     

补偿码多普勒和本地钟偏的GNSS弱信号捕获

弱信号捕获是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)领域的研究难点之一.已有的弱信号捕获方法,仅考虑了码多普勒的影响而忽视了本地钟偏的影响,且在码多普勒补偿过程中需要频繁更新本地码表,导致运算量过大.为解决上述问题,在分析了码多普勒和本地钟偏对弱信号捕获性能影响的基础上,提出一种同时补偿码多普勒和本地钟偏的弱信号捕获新方法.改进方法在降采样环节补偿码多普勒,无须频繁更新本地码表;在非相干累加环节补偿本地钟偏,提高了捕获性能.测试结果表明,与已有方法相比,改进方法不仅显著降低了运算量,还可实现更高的捕获灵敏度.     

一种高动态环境下 COMPASS 卫星信号快速捕获算法

在对传统的卫星信号捕获算法分析的基础上,提出了一种惯性导航系统(INS)辅助的基于部分匹配滤波器和快速傅里叶变换(FFT)相结合的捕获算法。在此算法中,利用惯性导航设备提供的信息计算多普勒频率,通过部分匹配滤波器和 FFT 相结合的算法并行搜索载波频率和码相位。该算法不仅能缩小多普勒频率的搜索范围,而且能够快速搜索码相位。仿真结果表明,此算法能够在高动态环境下成功捕获 COMPASS 卫星信号,并且明显减少捕获时间。     

高动态环境下载波信号的快速捕获方法探讨

我国北斗二代卫星导航系统采用三类异质卫星组成的混合星座导航系统,高动态绘给载波信号带来较高的多普勒频移,造成载波跟踪环失锁,影响载波的同步,提高载波快速捕获能力极为重要。本文基于北斗二代卫星导航系统,研究了高动态环境下载波信号的快速捕获方法。     

北斗B1I信号的捕获算法

北斗B1I信号的捕获是北斗2代接收机的核心模块,它是基于码相位和多普勒频移二维搜索的过程.对于捕获模块,通常采用并行码相位搜索捕获算法来实现对空中可见卫星的捕获.针对信号较弱情况下的卫星捕获,采用了非相干累加与并行码相位搜索捕获相结合的方法.测试结果表明,该捕获算法能够有效快速地实现弱信号的捕获.     

北斗信号快速捕获研究与仿真

捕获速度和捕获多普勒误差影响着北斗接收机的工作性能,北斗信号导航电文的高数据率使传统通过加长快速傅里叶变换(FFT)数据长度来精细化多普勒频移估计的方法不再适用.在研究北斗信号结构和并行码相位搜索捕获原理的基础上,利用FFT对北斗信号实现快速捕获,根据信号相关幅值与多普勒频移估计误差的关系,采用曲线拟合对多普勒频移进行精细化估计,提高了北斗信号的捕获性能.利用采集的北斗导航模拟器信号和MATLAB对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,在1 ms相干积分时间下,并行码相位搜索捕获算法成功捕获到全部卫星信号,经曲线拟合精细化之后的多普勒频移估计误差小于50Hz.     

基于并行架构的宽带扩频信号捕获技术研究

为解决大动态低信噪比环境下,由于宽带扩频信号速率过快,使得载波多普勒和伪码多普勒较大导致无法成功捕获信号的问题,提出一种基于并行架构的捕获方法;该方法利用并行载波NCO产生本地载波,与接收信号进行下变频混频以对载波和伪码多普勒进行补偿,利用并行伪码NCO产生本地码进行内码滑动相关和外码匹配滤波,经过二次捕获进一步估计载波多普勒和伪码相位;仿真结果表明,在62 dBHz的载噪比下,符号速率为1 Mbps,载波多普勒搜索范围为± 800kHz,载波多普勒变化率为±100 kHz/s时,这种方法可以实现宽带扩频信号捕获,并且在符号信噪比为2 dB时,捕获概率为99%,捕获时间为0.9009 s;使用该捕获方法,可以降低宽带扩频信号捕获复杂度、提高捕获效率,为大动态低信噪比环境下宽带扩频信号的捕获提供了一种有效的捕获方法。     

针对大多普勒频率偏移的PN码快速捕获与解调

扩频技术应用于高速移动环境时使得接收信号附加了很大的多普勒频率偏移,增加了捕获难度,如低轨道卫星扩频通信等。本文在基于FFT的捕获方法基础上,提出了分段式数字匹配滤波器和FFT捕获相结合的捕获方法,同时采用基于并行导频的信道估计方法来校正多普勒频率偏移,实现信号的正确解调。该方法既具快速捕获的特点,同时捕获多普勒频率偏移范围大。     

针对大多普勒频率偏移的PN码快速捕获与解调

扩频技术应用于高速移动环境时使得接收信号附加了很大的多普勒频率偏移,增加了捕获难度,如低轨道卫星扩频通信等.本文在基于FFT的捕获方法基础上,提出了分段式数字匹配滤波器和FFT捕获相结合的捕获方法,同时采用基于并行导频的信道估计方法来校正多普勒频率偏移,实现信号的正确解调.该方法既具快速捕获的特点,同时捕获多普勒频率偏移范围大.     

一种直扩MSK信号的二维联合捕获方法

针对直扩MSK信号的特殊性以及高动态环境下载波多普勒频偏对伪码捕获的影响,提出了一种直扩MSK信号的二维联合捕获方法。将直扩MSK信号构造成近似直扩BPSK的信号形式,在高动态环境下采用基于多普勒补偿-FFT的二维联合捕获算法对伪码相位和载波频率进行搜索,得到二者的估计值。最后通过MATLAB仿真得到了二维捕获的相关输出图形以及恒虚警条件下系统的检测概率和虚警概率随信噪比变化的曲线。仿真结果表明,由该方案设计的直扩MSK信号的捕获方法能够快速而准确地对伪码相位和载波多普勒频偏进行二维捕获。     

等间隔分数时延滤波器及其线性插值设计

针对宽带数字信号精确可变时延需求,研究等间隔分数时延滤波器及其线性插值方法。现有分数时延滤波器设计方法不能应用于可变时延,基于多采样率信号处理理论,提出等间隔分数时延滤波器设计方法。将所需时延近似为等间隔分数时延,选取对应时延滤波器组对信号进行时延,满足工程中变分数时延滤波需求。为提高时延滤波精度,提出对相邻滤波器系数线性插值的分数时延滤波器设计方法。对线性调频信号仿真结果表明,所提方法与常规分数时延滤波方法运算量相当,且适用于宽带信号的精确可变时延应用。     

Taylor series expansion based repetitive controllers for power converters,subject to fractional delays

Digital repetitive controllers are widely employed to track/reject the periodic signals with zero steady-state error. Their implementation involves the use of single or multiple digital delay elements. Practically, the delay element is implemented by the use of memory locations, where samples are held and released after a specific number of sampling periods, equivalent to the desired time delay. A problem arises when the desired time delay becomes a non-integer multiple of the sampling time. Such time delays can be accurately realized by employing a fractional delay filterThis paper presents a Taylor Series expansion based digital repetitive controller designed to implement any (integer, non-integer) delay in the control of power converters, occurring due to uncontrollable variations in the reference frequency. The T3644aylor Series expansion transforms the fractional delay filter design problem to a differentiator/sub-filter design. Finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) fractional delay (FD) filter concepts can be applied to realize the required fractional delay. This structure provides efficient on-line tuning capabilities i.e. FD can easily generate any required fractional delay without redesigning the filter when the delay parameter varies. An example is demonstrated to show the effectiveness of this approach, for a single-phase power inverter feeding a passive load.     

基于FPGA的低成本GPS信号模拟器设计

本文介绍了一种低成本的GPS信号模拟器的设计;根据GPS信号的数学模型,设计了采用FPGA实现所有基带处理功能的方案。利用码发生器产生GPS各卫星的伪随机码,采用数字延迟滤波器实现信号的延迟处理,采用多级采样率转化器和滤波器串联的方法提高延迟精度,生成的多星基带信号在数字域进行叠加,再通过正交射频调制得到L1频点的GPS信号;该GPS信号模拟器结构简单,成本低,生成的GPS信号精度高,可以满足部分GPS接收机的测试需求。     

分数阶时滞非线性多智能体系统的自适应控制

针对分数阶多智能体系统中存在时滞和非线性特性, 时滞往往会引起控制系统的性能下降甚至出现系统 不稳定等问题, 提出了一种含时滞非线性的分数阶多智能体系统自适应控制方法. 对于多智能体系统的控制协议, 设计了基于领导者和相邻智能体状态信息的自适应控制协议, 减小了过大常数控制增益带来的能源浪费. 对于一 致性, 利用图论基础、分数阶Halanay不等式稳定性定理、Kronecker积和Schur补引理, 获得了分数阶时滞非线性多 智能体系统的LMI一致性条件. 仿真结果验证了本文算法的正确性和有效性. 由于整数阶系统是分数阶系统的特殊 形式, 本文结论可以直接推广到整数阶多智能体系统中.     

Stub‐loaded square loop bandpass filter with equiripple response in both delay and magnitude

It is shown that a stub loaded square loop filter, composed of six sections of commensurate transmission line, can achieve equiripple response in both magnitude and group delay simultaneously, when the admittances of the lines are properly chosen. Design formulas are given to calculate the admittances by given specifications such as fractional bandwidth and in‐band magnitude ripple. An interesting property of this filter is that the group delay can be adjusted while the in‐band magnitude response keeps almost unchanged. For verification, a filter sample is designed, fabricated and measured. In experiment, it exhibits a delay variation of 0.22 ns and minimal insertion loss of 0.21 dB within its passband (|S₁₁| < ?13.8 dB) from 0.48 to 1.52 GHz, which agree well with the theoretical predictions.     

高精度波束形成的相控阵超声系统研究

为深入研究管道环焊缝缺陷特性,需要相控阵检测系统提供完全控制激励信号参数和获得接收回波信号的特性,针对该问题设计了32个模拟通道,可接入128个阵元,数字化频率达到125 Msample/s的相控阵超声检测系统.采用流水线式延时实现小数倍延时,脉冲发射延时精度为2.5 ns;使用Master-Slave结构的管理方式,在硬件上合理分配资源,对回波数据进行线性插值,同时根据脉冲的延时方案对各通道的插值数据进行存储,实现高精度数字波束形成.使用Hilbert变换提取形成波束在FIR滤波器滤波前后的包络,得到滤波后信噪比提高了9.4 dB.对标准试块进行缺陷检测实验,实验表明在深度上缺陷定位的相对误差为1.7%,相对于现有系统检测精度提高了接近2倍.     

Multipath effects on vector tracking algorithm for GNSS signal

The vector tracking algorithm uses a single extended Kalman filter （EKF） to predict the time-delays and the Doppler deviations of the GNSS signal, while also estimating the user＇s position, velocity, and clock state. In this paper, the effects of multipath on the tracking performance of the vector delay / frequency lock loop （VDFLL） is studied for better application in the multipath environment. The error expressions of the measurements are given in theory. The tracking error caused by multipath is reduced by VDFLL, which is proved by the tracking error of VDFLL through a new iterating method. The theoretical analysis is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation.     

Robust stability analysis for fractional‐order systems with time delay based on finite spectrum assignment

In this paper, the robust stability of a fractional‐order time‐delay system is analyzed in the frequency domain based on finite spectrum assignment (FSA). The FSA algorithm is essentially an extension of the traditional pole assignment method, which can change the undesirable system characteristic equation into a desirable one. Therefore, the presented analysis scheme can also be used as an alternative time‐delay compensation method. However, it is superior to other time‐delay compensation schemes because it can be applied to open‐loop poorly damped or unstable systems. The FSA algorithm is extended to a fractional‐order version for time‐delay systems at first. Then, the robustness of the proposed algorithm for a fractional‐order delay system is analyzed, and the stability conditions are given. Finally, a simulation example is presented to show the superior robustness and delay compensation performance of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the robust stability conditions and the time‐delay compensation scheme presented can be applied on both integer‐order and fractional‐order systems.     

Set-point Filter Design for a Two-degree-of-freedom Fractional Control System

This paper focuses on a new approach to design (possibly fractional) set-point filters for fractional control systems. After designing a smooth and monotonic desired output signal, the necessary command signal is obtained via fractional input-output inversion. Then, a set-point filter is determined based on the synthesized command signal. The filter is computed by minimizing the 2-norm of the difference between the command signal and the filter step response. The proposed methodology allows the designer to synthesize both integer and fractional setpoint filters. The pros and cons of both solutions are discussed in details. This approach is suitable for the design of two degreeof-freedom controllers capable to make the set-point tracking performance almost independent from the feedback part of the controller. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.      

Fractionally Delayed Kalman Filter

The conventional Kalman filter is based on the assumption of non-delayed measurements. Several modifications appear to address this problem, but they are constrained by two crucial assumptions: 1) the delay is an integer multiple of the sampling interval, and 2) a stochastic model representing the relationship between delayed measurements and a sequence of possible non-delayed measurements is known. Practical problems often fail to satisfy these assumptions, leading to poor estimation accuracy and frequent track-failure. This paper introduces a new variant of the Kalman filter, which is free from the stochastic model requirement and addresses the problem of fractional delay.The proposed algorithm fixes the maximum delay(problem specific), which can be tuned by the practitioners for varying delay possibilities. A sequence of hypothetically defined intermediate instants characterizes fractional delays while maximum likelihood based delay identification could preclude the stochastic model requirement. Fractional delay realization could help in improving estimation accuracy. Moreover, precluding the need of a stochastic model could enhance the practical applicability. A comparative analysis with ordinary Kalman filter shows the high estimation accuracy of the proposed method in the presence of delay.