两亲性卟啉LB膜的Cu~(Ⅱ)离子嵌入作用

研究了带一个脂链三个羟基（ Ｔ Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ１）及三个脂链一个羟基（ Ｔ Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ３）的两种卟啉的单层膜及 Ｌ Ｂ膜的 Ｃｕ２＋ 离子嵌入作用。 Ｃｕ２＋ 嵌入速率和程度取决于膜中卟啉环的取向、分子排列和聚集态。膜中卟啉环较为平躺、排列较疏松、形成 Ｊ 聚体的 Ｔ Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ１ 可快速完全地金属化,而 Ｔ Ｈ Ｐ Ｐ３ 在膜中形成 Ｂ 带劈裂聚集体,环较直立,排列紧密有序, Ｃｕ２＋ 的嵌入缓慢且不完全。     

常温铁系耐蚀磷化液的研制和应用

分别对铁系耐蚀磷化液和ＭＴ－１２６添加剂的配方、配制、性能作了介绍。研制的ＭＴ－１２６含量达到４０ｍＬ／Ｌ时,磷化膜性能最佳。实验表明：最佳磷化液中形成的膜层ＣｕＳＯ４点滴〉３０ｓ,ＮａＣｌ浸泡〉６ｈ,室内挂片９０天无明显锈蚀。     

锌镀层表面铈盐转化膜的电子能谱分析

用浸渍法在锌镀层表面获得了金黄色的铈盐转化膜。加速腐蚀试验表明膜层具有较好的耐蚀性。用ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ对膜层的组成、价态进行分析，结果表明膜层由Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）的氧化物和氢氧化物组成，膜层中组成元素的相对原子含量为Ｃｅ５３．４％，Ｏ４４．０％，Ｚｎ２．６％。     

用溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备的高分散负载型催化剂Pd－Cu／C的结构与性质

应用溶剂化金属原子浸渍（ＳＭＡＩ）法制备了三种金属含量比不同的Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／Ｃ双金属催化剂。经ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ测定结果表明，催化剂中Ｐｄ和Ｃｕ已形成合金，合金颗粒平均直径小于５ｎｍ。ＸＰＳ和Ａｕｇｅｒ谱说明Ｐｄ和Ｃｕ均以零价态存在。在亚异丙基丙酮（ＣＨ＿３）＿２Ｃ＝ＣＨＣＯＣＨ＿３加氢反应中，随着催化剂中Ｃｕ比例增加，催化活性增大，而生成六碳酮的选择性基本不变。     

南宋涂山窑黑釉瓷釉面光的薄膜干涉

用ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ，ＥＳＣＡ和ＥＤＸＡ对釉面闪现彩色色斑和色环的宋代涂山窑黑釉瓷残片进行了分析研究。分析结果表明，釉表面有一层厚度为零点几微米到几微米的薄膜，膜和膜下的釉层具有不同的分相结构和化学组成。釉面闪现色斑和色环是由于光的薄膜干涉。对薄膜的成因作了探讨。     

乙烯基聚硅氧烷包覆改性聚磷酸铵及其在环氧树脂中的阻燃应用

以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷（ＶＴＯＳ）为前驱物,采用溶胶凝胶工艺将乙烯基引入聚磷酸铵（ＡＰＰ）的表面,以期对ＡＰＰ进行二次接枝改性。对ＶＴＯＳ改性ＡＰＰ（ＶＭＡＰＰ）进行了研究,并研究了其对环氧树脂（ＥＰ）阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,包覆膜材料中存在乙烯基;经含有乙烯基的聚硅氧烷对ＡＰＰ进行包覆改性后,在ＡＰＰ表面生成一层致密的保护膜,表面Ｐ、Ｎ 元素含量明显降低,Ｃ元素含量明显增加,出现Ｓｉ元素的吸收峰;ＶＭＡＰＰ的疏水性及耐水性均得到改善;ＶＭＡＰＰ能够促使ＥＰ生成更为致密和稳定的炭层,促进ＥＰ阻燃性能的改善。     

混凝土内衬耐酸工程

使用厂商　中芯国际集成电路制造 (上海 )有限公司使用场所　半导体厂排放之废水内包含有许多强酸 ,尤其是ＨＦ及Ｈ2 ＳＯ4 ,废水处理池之槽体混凝土表面必须以ＦＲＰ内衬加以保护。使用树脂　混凝土底涂树脂ＳＷＡＮＣＯＲＣＰ95铁槽底涂树脂ＳＷＡＮＣＯＲ 984Ｍ耐蚀树脂ＳＷＡＮＣＯＲ90 1Ｐ制作方法　上底涂树脂后 ,结构部分以切股毡含浸ＳＷＡＮＣＯＲ90 1-Ｐ积层 ,接触废水的部分使用ＰＯＬＹＥＳＴＥＲ的有机表面席 ,形成一富含树脂的耐蚀层。制作厂商　上海良机冷却设备有限公司混凝土内衬耐酸工程     

英语翻译技巧（13）

英语翻译技巧（１３）涂学忠（化工部北京橡胶工业研究设计院１０００３９）２．６ＣＯＮＶＥＲＳＩＯＮＯＦＭＡＳＴＥＲＢＡＴＣＨＥＳＭａｓｔｅｒｂａｔｃｈｅｓＣａｎｂｅｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｅｄｔｏｃｏｍｐｏｔｌｎｄｓｂｙｔｈｅａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｕｒａｔｌｖｅ...     

电导率法和红外光谱法分析硅烷试剂水解过程

1　前言　　金属表面的防腐研究已有多种防腐技术 ,例如 :电化学保护、电镀、化学镀、渗镀包镀、热喷涂及化学氧化膜法等。近期 ,国外学者提出了利用硅烷试剂(ＳｉｌａｎｅＡｇｅｎｔ,ＳＡ)与金属表面的氧化层形成化学键 ,来改变金属表面的性质[1],同时还具有无污染、处理件耐蚀性好、与涂层结合牢固等特点。一般ＳＡ首先水解反应生成硅醇 ,再起缩合脱水、缩合齐聚反应形成Ｓｉ-Ｏ -Ｍ (Ｍ为无机表面 )共价键和网状结构的膜覆盖在基材表面[2 ],这层膜具有抗外界酸、碱、盐等与金属反应的性质。不同ＳＡ的水解速度不同 ,因此溶剂及体系 ｐＨ…     

ASTM和其它世界标准

ＡＳＴＭ和其它世界标准ＪｏｈｎＳ．Ｄｉｃｋ著程永悦摘译涂学忠校在全世界橡胶行业中使用的ＡＳＴＭＤ１１／Ｄ２４标准和规范有３０２项，同时使用的ＩＳＯＴＣ４５标准有４４６项。本文将评论这些ＡＳＴＭ和ＩＳＯ标准，并按类别如橡胶加工测试、化学性能测试、硫化胶...     

The use of experimental design for the study of the corrosion of bronze pretreated with AMT in artificial rainwater

Copper and copper alloys (bronze and brass) are usually employed in the manufacturing of cultural objects. When these alloys are exposed to the atmosphere, damaging corrosion products may form on their surfaces. Corrosion inhibitors are used to minimize the corrosion processes. However, the conditions that obtain the best anticorrosive performance of these inhibitors require the control of several chemical and operational parameters, which are, in practice, often chosen empirically. An experimental design was employed to determine the best values with respect to the concentration of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT), the ethanol content and the immersion time of bronze in the AMT solution to achieve the most protective films on the bronze surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy assays of bronze samples with and without previous immersion in the inhibitor solution and exposed to artificial rainwater were performed at the open circuit potential. The parameters and the influence of their interactions on the inhibitory effect of the film formed on the bronze surface were shown to be statistically significant. The conditions for achieving the most protective films were 0.060 M AMT, 90% v/v EtOH, and 90 min of immersion.     

建筑用16Mn钢超疏水膜层的制备及耐蚀性研究

为提高建筑用16Mn钢的耐蚀性,采用磷化处理、铈盐钝化再经过硬脂酸修饰在16Mn钢表面制备出超疏水膜层。表征了膜层微观形貌和成分,并测试了表面粗糙度、水滴接触角和耐蚀性。结果表明:铈盐钝化、硬脂酸修饰后磷化膜的微观形貌、成分和表面粗糙度存在差异,导致表面润湿性和耐蚀性不同。只是通过增加表面粗糙度的方式无法制备出超疏水膜层,膜层呈亲水性或超疏水性与其耐蚀性之间存在关联性。钝化-修饰磷化膜表面水滴接触角达到150.7°,表现出超疏水性还具有良好的耐蚀性,能有效抑制16Mn钢腐蚀从而提高其耐蚀性。原因是钝化-修饰磷化膜表面形成微纳米粗糙结构,有利于俘获空气形成气垫,对腐蚀介质具有较好的阻隔作用,有效抑制腐蚀并降低腐蚀程度。     

建筑用16Mn钢超疏水膜层的制备及耐蚀性研究

为提高建筑用16Mn钢的耐蚀性,采用磷化处理、铈盐钝化再经过硬脂酸修饰在16Mn钢表面制备出超疏水膜层。表征了膜层微观形貌和成分,并测试了表面粗糙度、水滴接触角和耐蚀性。结果表明:铈盐钝化、硬脂酸修饰后磷化膜的微观形貌、成分和表面粗糙度存在差异,导致表面润湿性和耐蚀性不同。只是通过增加表面粗糙度的方式无法制备出超疏水膜层,膜层呈亲水性或超疏水性与其耐蚀性之间存在关联性。钝化-修饰磷化膜表面水滴接触角达到150.7°,表现出超疏水性还具有良好的耐蚀性,能有效抑制16Mn钢腐蚀从而提高其耐蚀性。原因是钝化-修饰磷化膜表面形成微纳米粗糙结构,有利于俘获空气形成气垫,对腐蚀介质具有较好的阻隔作用,有效抑制腐蚀并降低腐蚀程度。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of nickel coating with high density nano-scale twins (NT) in solution with Cl

In this work, a nickel coating with high density nano-scale twins (NT) was synthesized on Q235 steel by using pulsed electrodeposition technique. The effects of NT structure on pitting corrosion resistance and semi-conducting properties of passive films formed on pure Ni in borate buffer solution with chloride ions were investigated by the potentiodynamic polarization measurements and capacitance measurements. The results indicated that the passive films formed on NT coatings showed higher pitting corrosion resistance and a bi-layer semi-conducting structure distribution, comparing with those formed on industrial electrodeposited (IE) nickel. The passive films are p-type semi-conductors at low potentials, but they show an n-type semi-conductor behavior at high potentials. It demonstrated that NT structure decreased vacancy diffusion velocity and slowed down the growth of passive films consequently. This led to the enhancement of pitting resistance for NT nickel.     

The formation of hydrophobic and corrosion resistant surfaces on copper and bronze by treatment in myristic acid

The surface of freshly etched copper and bronze samples was modified by immersion in ethanol solutions of myristic (tetradecanoic) acid. Modification resulted in the formation of hydrophobic layers with contact angles up to 141°. Two kinds of surface structure were observed. The modified surface of copper was covered by a uniform layer containing nano-grains or knitted-like structure, whereas the modified surface of bronze was covered by a layer with lamellate patterns and nano-grains. The corrosion properties of bare and modified copper and bronze surfaces were tested by potentiodynamic polarization experiments in 0.014 M Na₂SO₄ + 0.024 M NaHCO₃ solution. The deduced effectiveness of corrosion inhibition by the modified layers on copper and bronze was up to 97 and 68%, respectively. Modification of the surface by immersion in an ethanol solution of myristic acid appears to be a promising treatment for improving the corrosion resistance of copper. The same treatment was not very effective when used on bronze.     

Corrosion resistance and infrared emissivity properties of EPDM (EPDM-g-MAH) film on low infrared emissivity PU/Cu coating

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of low infrared emissivity polyurethane (PU)/Cu coating, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and maleic anhydride grafted EPDM (EPDM-g-MAH) were deposited on PU/Cu coating by spin coating, respectively. The ability of EPDM and EPDM-g-MAH to serve as corrosion protective films for PU/Cu coating was examined by evolved emissivity immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. And the chemical composition and surface morphology of PU/Cu coating before and after corrosion were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that all of the coated samples present a better corrosion resistance than bare PU/Cu coating due to indissolubility of Cu by aggressive ions, and the effect of EPDM-g-MAH is better than that of EPDM.     

Electrodeposition of silane films on aluminum alloys for corrosion protection

In this paper, three types of protective silane films, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) were prepared on aluminum alloys AA 2024-T3 by electrodeposition technique. The Reflection-Absorption Fourier Transform IR (FTRA-IR) measurements showed that, the silane films were successfully deposited through chemical bonding between silane agents and Al alloys. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests indicated that in comparison with those by conventional “dip-coating” method, silane films electrochemically prepared at cathodic potentials exhibited obviously higher corrosion resistances. “Critical potential” was all observed for each silane system. Silane films prepared at this potential performed the highest corrosion resistance. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated a potential dependence of surface morphology of silane films. The highest compactness was obtained at the “critical potential”. Due to the presence of long hydrophobic dodecyl chain in bone structure, DTMS films displayed the highest barrier properties.     

鎏镀——中国古代发明的一种在材料表面上镀金属的技术

介绍3500年前中国商代早期发明的一种在青铜器表面鎏镀富锡铜的技术,使青铜器表面美观并耐蚀。到了2500年前的春秋晚期又发明了在青铜器表面鎏金的技术,使青铜器外表更美观并更耐蚀。鎏金技术历经二千多年的各朝各代,一直延用至今,仍在一些仿古铜工艺品上应用。鎏富锡铜技术一直在铜镜的表面处理技术中应用,该技术在青铜器中应用时间长达三千多年。在古代,鎏金青铜器和鎏富锡铜镜随东西方交流逐渐出口到东亚、东南亚、西亚和欧洲各国。鎏镀技术也传向日本、朝鲜及西亚各国。它对世界各国在鎏金装饰技术、铜镜鎏富锡铜、玻璃镜鎏锡汞齐和齿科补牙的银铜锡汞齐材料的发展都有过一定的贡献。鎏镀技术是中国古代的重大技术发明之一,而且至今还在运用着。     

鎏镀——中国古代发明的一种在材料表面上镀金属的技术(续完)

介绍3500年前中国商代早期发明的一种在青铜器表面鎏镀富锡铜的技术,它使青铜器表面美观并耐蚀。到了2500年前的春秋晚期又发明了在青铜器表面鎏金的技术,使青铜器外表更美观并更耐蚀。鎏金技术历经二千多年的各朝各代一直延用至今,仍在一些仿古铜工艺品上应用。鎏富锡铜技术一直在铜镜的表面处理技术中应用,该技术在青铜器中应用时间长达三千多年。在古代,鎏金青铜器和鎏富锡铜镜随东西方交流逐渐出口到东亚、东南亚、西亚和欧洲各国。鎏镀技术也传向日本、朝鲜及西方各国。它对世界各国在鎏金装饰技术、铜镜鎏富锡铜、玻璃镜鎏锡汞齐和齿科补牙的银铜锡汞齐材料的发展都有过一定的贡献。鎏镀技术是中国古代的重大技术发明之一,而且至今还在运用着。     

锡青铜钝化工艺优化

本文采用大量工艺试验研究并确定了锡青铜材料化学钝化处理的最佳工艺配方和参数,并采用硝酸点滴方法对钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行了验证。结果表明,最佳钝化工艺参数为:重铬酸钠120~130 g/L,硫酸4.8~5.2 g/L,氯化钠7~8 g/L,温度θ为22℃,钝化时间t为4 s。处理后的锡青铜表面形成了光亮的彩虹色钝化膜,耐硝酸点滴试验的时间延长了3倍多,提高了锡青铜钝化膜层的耐腐蚀性能。