川芎嗪对雪旺细胞神经生长因子合成与分泌的影响

目的观察川芎嗪(Tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对雪旺细胞(Schwann cells,SCs)合成与分泌神经生长因子(Nervegrowth factor,NGF)的影响,探讨其促进周围神经损伤修复的可能机制。方法采用DMSO溶解TMP,将SCs分为正常对照、溶媒对照组和不同浓度TMP组(终浓度分为25、50、100和200μg/ml),作用24 h后,通过MTT法和流式细胞术分析TMP对SCs增殖和凋亡的影响,Real-Time PCR与ELISA法分别检测TMP在mRNA和蛋白质水平对SCs合成与分泌NGF的影响。结果 TMP对SCs的增殖活力及凋亡均无影响。溶媒对照组、25、50μg/ml TMP组NGF基因mRNA水平和细胞培养上清中NGF含量与正常对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);100、200μg/ml TMP组与正常对照组相比明显增高(P<0.05),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TMP可促进SCs合成与分泌NGF,且该作用具有浓度依赖性,这可能是其促进神经损伤修复的机制之一。     

Estimation of local stresses and elastic properties of a mortar sample by FFT computation of fields on a 3D image

This study concerns the prediction of the elastic properties of a 3D mortar image, obtained by micro-tomography, using a combined image segmentation and numerical homogenization approach. The microstructure is obtained by segmentation of the 3D image into aggregates, voids and cement paste. Full-fields computations of the elastic response of mortar are undertaken using the Fast Fourier Transform method. Emphasis is made on highly-contrasted properties between aggregates and matrix, to anticipate needs for creep or damage computation. The representative volume element, i.e. the volume size necessary to compute the effective properties with a prescribed accuracy, is given. Overall, the volumes used in this work were sufficient to estimate the effective response of mortar with a precision of 5%, 6% and 10% for contrast ratios of 100, 1000 and 10,000, resp. Finally, a statistical and local characterization of the component of the stress field parallel to the applied loading is carried out.     

Poisson parameters of antimicrobial activity: a quantitative structure-activity approach

A contingency of observed antimicrobial activities measured for several compounds vs. a series of bacteria was analyzed. A factor analysis revealed the existence of a certain probability distribution function of the antimicrobial activity. A quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis for the overall antimicrobial ability was conducted using the population statistics associated with identified probability distribution function. The antimicrobial activity proved to follow the Poisson distribution if just one factor varies (such as chemical compound or bacteria). The Poisson parameter estimating antimicrobial effect, giving both mean and variance of the antimicrobial activity, was used to develop structure-activity models describing the effect of compounds on bacteria and fungi species. Two approaches were employed to obtain the models, and for every approach, a model was selected, further investigated and found to be statistically significant. The best predictive model for antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi species was identified using graphical representation of observed vs. calculated values as well as several predictive power parameters.     

CO2混合物热物性在CCS研究中的作用:实验数据、理论模型和典型应用

二氧化碳捕集与封存（CCS）各工艺过程的设计、运行都依赖于对CO₂及其混合物热物理性质的深入理解。同时，CCS的规模化发展和商业化进程，对CO₂混合物及其热物性的准确性提出了更高的要求。本文从实验数据、理论模型和典型应用3个方面综述了CO₂及其混合物热物性的发展现状，并尝试对发展趋势进行归纳。在实验研究方面，CO₂混合体系的研究进展视组分不同，差异较大，其中CO₂-N₂、CO₂-CH₄、CO₂-H₂O和CO₂-H₂二元体系已形成较完善的物性数据库，而CO₂-NH₃、CO₂-NO _x 和CO₂-CO体系的物性数据还比较欠缺；在物性估算方面，面向CCS的物性估算模型研究自2008年开始活跃，基于不同理论构架，目前已逐步形成面向CCS的多元化的物性估算体系。物性研究在CCS中的应用主要体现在物性是支撑CCS过程研究的基础，其不准确性在过程模拟或计算中会被“放大”，从而影响过程评估的准确性，本文从物性在循环构建和能效分析中的作用以及CO₂水合物的形成3个方面入手做了说明。文章最后对面向CCS的物性研究趋势进行了梳理，对分子模拟技术、通用性强的物性估算模型和物性在过程设计和循环分析中的角色进行了展望。     

EGFR T751_I759delinsN Mutation in Exon19 Detected by NGS but Not by Real-Time PCR in a Heavily-Treated Patient with NSCLC

The detection of driver gene mutations can determine appropriate treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by identifying the presence of an effective druggable target. Mutations in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common driver mutations in NSCLC that can be effectively targeted by the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, without the detection of driver mutations, appropriate therapeutic decisions cannot be made. The most commonly applied methods for detecting driver gene mutations are assays based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, the underlying mechanism of PCR-based assays limits the detection of rare mutations. Therefore, patients harboring rare mutations may not receive optimal treatment. We report a heavily-treated patient with NSCLC who harbored a T751_I759delinsN mutation in exon 19 of EGFR that was not detected by real-time PCR but was successfully detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The detection of a driver mutation using NGS resulted in the administration of targeted therapy, leading to favorable progression-free survival for the patient. Our report highlights the importance and potential of routine NGS testing among NSCLC patients for whom traditional assays fail to detect driver mutations when determining treatment options.     

RNA干扰her-2基因对骨肉瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子-A和白细胞介素-8表达的影响

目的探讨her-2基因沉默对人骨肉瘤细胞株saos-2中血管内皮生长因子-A(Vascular endothelial growth factor-A,VEGF-A)和白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)表达的影响。方法构建her-2 shRNA重组表达质粒,转染至骨肉瘤细胞株saos-2,同时设空白对照组和shNC阴性对照组;RT-PCR检测her-2、VEGF-A和IL-8基因mRNA的转录水平;Western blot检测her-2蛋白表达的变化;ELISA法检测细胞培养液中VEGF-A和IL-8的分泌水平。结果构建的her-2 shRNA表达载体能抑制her-2基因的表达,对her-2基因mRNA的转录和蛋白表达的抑制率分别为63.05%和62.59%;转染重组质粒her-2 shRNA后VEGF-A和IL-8基因mRNA的转录水平及蛋白分泌水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 her-2基因沉默后,VEGF-A和IL-8基因mRNA的转录水平和蛋白表达水平明显降低,her-2基因参与了骨肉瘤细胞VEGF-A和IL-8基因的表达调控,提示her-2基因可作为研究骨肉瘤血管生成分子机理的新靶点。     

神经生长因子对乙型脑炎病毒感染BHK-21细胞的抑制作用

目的观察神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)对乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)感染地鼠肾细胞BHK-21的抑制作用。方法将不同浓度的NGF(100、50、25、12.5、6.3、3.1、1.6和0.8μg/L)加入BHK-21细胞中,采用MTT法检测NGF对BHK-21细胞的毒性作用;将不同稀释度的JEV(10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7)JEV感染BHK-21细胞,蚀斑计数法测定病毒滴度;在JEV感染的BHK-21细胞中加入不同浓度的NGF,观察细胞的CPE情况,并通过蚀斑减少率分析NGF对JEV的抑制作用。结果 NGF浓度在100μg/L以内对BHK-21细胞无毒性;JEV的滴度为Lg 8.70 pfu/ml;NGF(12.5μg/L)+JEV组BHK-21细胞病变程度明显减轻;随着NGF浓度的提高,蚀斑减少率也呈升高趋势(r=0.929,P<0.05),NGF浓度为3.1μg/L以上时,蚀斑减少率达10%以上,具有明显的抗JEV效果。结论 NGF在浓度为0.8～100μg/L的范围内,对JEV具有明显的抑制作用,为今后研究NGF抗病毒的作用机制奠定了实验基础。     

Preliminary Evidence on the Diagnostic and Molecular Role of Circulating Soluble EGFR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Assessment of biological diagnostic factors providing clinically-relevant information to guide physician decision-making are still needed for diseases with poor outcomes, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising molecule in the clinical management of NSCLC. While the EGFR transmembrane form has been extensively investigated in large clinical trials, the soluble, circulating EGFR isoform (sEGFR), which may have a potential clinical use, has rarely been considered. This study investigates the use of sEGFR as a potential diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC and also characterizes the biological function of sEGFR to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the course of action of this protein. Plasma sEGFR levels from a heterogeneous cohort of 37 non-advanced NSCLC patients and 54 healthy subjects were analyzed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biological function of sEGFR was analyzed in vitro using NSCLC cell lines, investigating effects on cell proliferation and migration. We found that plasma sEGFR was significantly decreased in the NSCLC patient group as compared to the control group (median value: 48.6 vs. 55.6 ng/mL respectively; p = 0.0002). Moreover, we demonstrated that sEGFR inhibits growth and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro through molecular mechanisms that included perturbation of EGF/EGFR cell signaling and holoreceptor internalization. These data show that sEGFR is a potential circulating biomarker with a physiological protective role, providing a first approach to the functional role of the soluble isoform of EGFR. However, the impact of these data on daily clinical practice needs to be further investigated in larger prospective studies.     

p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580对缺氧致人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的观察p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580对缺氧致人脐静脉内皮细胞(Human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)损伤的保护作用。方法将HUVECs分为正常对照组、缺氧培养组、SB203580+正常对照组和SB203580+缺氧培养组,培养24h后,流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡率;Western blot分析各组细胞p38MAPK蛋白及其磷酸化水平;Transwell小室模型检测各组细胞的迁移率;ELISA法检测各组细胞培养上清中可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(sFlt-1)及可溶性Endoglin(sEng)的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,缺氧培养组细胞的凋亡率、p38MAPK的磷酸化水平、sFlt-1及sEng含量显著增加(P<0.01),细胞体外迁移能力下降;SB203580+缺氧培养组细胞的凋亡率、p38MAPK的磷酸化水平、sFlt-1和sEng的释放较缺氧培养组均下降,体外迁移能力增强(P<0.05);磷酸化p38MAPK的释放水平与sFlt-1及sEng含量呈正相关(r1=0.69,P<0.05;r2=0.71,P<0.05)。结论 SB203580通过特异性阻断p38MAPK信号转导通路,对缺氧培养的HUVECs产生保护作用。     

Use of Natural Neural Scaffolds Consisting of Engineered Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Immobilized on Ordered Collagen Fibers Filled in a Collagen Tube for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Rats

The search for effective strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, ordered collagen fibers were used as intraluminal fibers after nerve injury in rats. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in nerve regeneration, but its very fast initial burst of activity within a short time has largely limited its clinical use. For the stable binding of VEGF to ordered collagen fibers, we fused a collagen-binding domain (CBD) to VEGF through recombinant DNA technology. Then, we filled the ordered collagen fibers-CBD-VEGF targeting delivery system in a collagen tube to construct natural neural scaffolds, which were then used to bridge transected nerve stumps in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. After transplantation, the natural neural scaffolds showed minimal foreign body reactions and good integration into the host tissue. Oriented collagen fibers in the collagen tube could guide regenerating axons in an oriented manner to the distal, degenerating nerve segment, maximizing the chance of target reinnervation. Functional and histological analyses indicated that the recovery of nerve function in the natural neural scaffolds-treated group was superior to the other grafted groups. The guiding of oriented axonal regeneration and effective delivery systems surmounting the otherwise rapid and short-lived diffusion of growth factors in body fluids are two important strategies in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. The natural neural scaffolds described take advantage of these two aspects and may produce synergistic effects. These properties qualified the artificial nerve conduits as a putative candidate system for the fabrication of peripheral nerve reconstruction devices.     

Optimization of BaZrO3 sintering by control of the initial powder size distribution; a factorial design statistical analysis

A factorial design statistical analysis has been conducted in order to obtain the optimum conditions in the solid state sintering process of barium zirconate bulk materials, optimum with respect to density, closed and open porosities. The optimized heat treatment permits to sinter a 99% dense barium zirconate sample at 1650 °C during only 2 h. When the temperature is higher than 1650 °C or when the heating time is longer than 2 h, a decrease in density is observed.     

Measurement of excess enthalpies using a high-pressure flow microcalorimeter and determination of binary interaction parameters for thermodynamic models

While an equation of state (EOS) plays a critical role in estimating thermodynamic properties, employing it in the determination of binary interaction parameters is extremely important. In general, these parameters can be determined from phase equilibrium data. However, data collection from experiments is a time-consuming and tedious process. In this study, after measuring the excess enthalpies of binary systems containing CO₂ by high-pressure flow isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC), we determined the EOS binary interaction parameters, specifically, the Peng-Robinson EOS binary interaction parameters. These binary interaction parameters obtained by IMC were compared with those obtained by vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) experiments. Hence, high-pressure flow IMC appears to be an effective method for the determination of interaction parameters that are used in the estimation of thermodynamic properties. Further, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters of a binary mixture CO₂ containing with various mole compositions were also estimated by employing high-pressure IMC.     

Synthesis of platelike CaTiO3 particles by a topochemical microcrystal conversion method and fabrication of textured microwave dielectric ceramics

Platelike CaTiO₃ particles with an orthorhombic perovskite structure have been synthesized by topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) from platelike precursor particles of the layer-structured CaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ at 950 °C. The CaTiO₃ particles inherited and retained the shape of the precursor particles with a thickness of approximately 0.3 μm, and a width of 2–6 μm. XRD analysis showed that in the TMC reaction, the crystallographic {0 0 1} plane of CaBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ is converted into the {1 0 0} plane of CaTiO₃. Using the platelike CaTiO₃ particles as templates in the templated grain growth method, dense {1 0 0} grain-oriented CaTiO₃ ceramics having a {1 0 0} orientation could be fabricated at sintering temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °C. The maximum orientation factor reached 99.7% at 10% of template. It was found that texturing improves microwave dielectric low-loss properties, providing a 1.55 times higher Q_f value of 9310 GHz in textured ceramics compared to that of 6005 GHz in non-textured ceramics.     

血管内皮生长因子受体3和神经纤毛蛋白2对胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨分别阻断和联合阻断血管内皮生长因子受体3(Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3,VEGFR3)及神经纤毛蛋白2(Neuropilin 2,NRP2)基因的表达对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响。方法将SGC-7901细胞株分为3大组,VEGFR3阻断组、NRP2阻断组和VEGFR3+NRP2阻断组,各大组中又包含空白对照组、脂质体转染组、无义链转染组(NSODN组)和不同浓度反义链转染组(ASODN组)。转染后的各组SGC-7901细胞株经RT-PCR法检测VEGFR3-mRNA及NRP2-mRNA的转录水平。分别采用MTT法和流式细胞术检测细胞的增殖和凋亡情况。结果反义链转染组VEGFR3-mRNA和NRP2-mRNA的转录水平明显低于其各自的空白对照组、脂质体转染组和NSOND组,表明该组成功阻断基因VEGFR3和NRP2的表达。各组细胞的增殖和凋亡情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并呈剂量和时间依赖性。在相同条件下,单独转染VEGFR3-ASODN组对胃癌细胞增殖的抑制及促凋亡作用优于单独转染NRP2-ASODN组,而联合转染组对细胞增殖的抑制及促凋亡作用最明显。结论阻断VEGFR3基因的表达对细胞增殖凋亡的影响大于阻断NRP2基因,联合阻断两个基因的表达,对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响明显大于单独阻断组。     

塞来昔布对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE-1增殖与侵袭能力、VEGF表达及放疗敏感性的影响

目的探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)选择性抑制剂塞来昔布(Celecoxib)对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE-1增殖与侵袭能力、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达及放疗敏感性的影响。方法HNE-1细胞经不同浓度塞来昔布处理后,采用MTT法检测各组细胞的增殖水平,细胞侵袭试验检测细胞的侵袭转移能力,RT-PCR及ELISA分别检测细胞VEGF mRNA的转录水平及蛋白的表达水平,克隆形成试验检测细胞对放疗的敏感性。结果不同浓度的塞来昔布均可显著抑制HNE-1细胞的增殖与侵袭能力,并显著下调HNE-1细胞VEGF在mRNA及蛋白水平的表达,且均呈剂量依赖性,差异具有统计学意义。克隆形成试验结果表明,125μmol/L的塞来昔布与放疗联用对HNE-1细胞有明显的协同抗肿瘤效应。结论塞来昔布对HNE-1细胞的增殖与侵袭能力及VEGF的表达均有明显的抑制作用;经塞来昔布处理可增强HNE-1细胞对放疗的敏感性。     

外用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子凝胶与注射用重组人生长激素联合应用对实验性烫伤动物的疗效

目的观察外用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)凝胶与注射用重组人生长激素(rhGH)联合应用对实验性烫伤动物的疗效。方法将脱毛的Wistar大鼠背部皮肤浸入(85±1)℃恒温水浴中持续15s,造成深Ⅱ度烫伤。大鼠烫伤部位分别涂抹外用rhGM-CSF凝胶、易孚凝胶、美宝湿润烧伤膏、磺胺嘧啶银、医用凡士林膏,金因肽组用金因肽喷湿创面,rhGH组和GM+GH组在烫伤后24h开始皮下注射rhGH。各组每天给药1次,连续用药25d。每5d用透明硫酸纸描绘烫伤皮肤面积,并称重,计算烫伤皮肤愈合率;烫伤后6h、9d和25d,各组随机选取3只大鼠,对其烫伤创面进行病理学检查。结果从给药第10天开始,各给药组大鼠烫伤皮肤愈合率均比模型组明显提高;以GM+GH组最高。病理学观察显示,烫伤后25d,各给药组大鼠绝大多数创面表皮细胞增生明显,真皮层可见毛囊、皮脂腺腺体修复,GM+GH组炎细胞浸润不明显,模型组多见化脓性炎症改变,并见脓肿灶形成。结论各给药组均可减轻烫伤后炎症反应,促进烫伤皮肤愈合,对深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠皮肤有明显治疗作用,其中以外用rhGM-CSF凝胶联合应用rhGH的治疗效果最好。     

"胶乳法"氯化天然橡胶薄层干燥影响因素的研究

采用二次回归正交设计方法,对“胶乳法“氯化天然橡胶(CNR)进行薄层干燥试验.分析了热风温度、风速和物料的粒径等因素对干燥速率、干燥后物料性能的影响规律,确定了影响物料薄层干燥速率各因素的主次,提出了较佳的干燥工艺和合理的性能参数.     

序批式生物膜法处理城市生活垃圾厌氧消化液脱氮的影响因素

探讨了序批式生物膜法处理有机生活垃圾厌氧消化液脱氮的影响因素,如温度、有机负荷、pH值和DO等,选择了最佳的运行条件.当控制DO在3.5～5.0 mg·L-1、pH值7.2～8.0、温度25℃左右时,反应器中有机物和氨氮的去除效果较好.     

Catalytic activity of Fe/AC, obtained by impregnation of activated carbon in aqueous and non-aqueous media, to neutralize NO

The influence of the nature of the impregnating solutions media (aqueous or non-aqueous) on the forming of active phases is investigated in case of preparing iron catalysts, supported on activated carbon with respect to their catalytic activity in the reaction of NO reduction by CO. The catalysts are characterized by chemical analysis (AAS), BET surface area, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). The catalytic investigations and TPD are carried out in a flow apparatus. Three peculiarities are observed with respect to this influence—the ratio between the separate iron species in different oxidation state of Fe species, which build up the catalytic active complexes (CAC), common participation of superficial groups of the carbon support and Fe components of the impregnating solutions as well as different dispersion of the active phase on the surface of the samples. As a result the highest catalytic activity was observed with the sample, obtained by impregnation with an aqueous solution, while with the other samples, obtained from organic solutions, the catalytic activity decreases in the order of: Methanol > Ethyl Ether > Acetone. It was assumed that the different catalytic activities are connected most probably with the process of forming of CAC during the process of preparation of the samples.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of surface characterization of electrodes on the gas bubble dynamics in electrolyte flow and performance of FLA batteries by using PIV

In the flooded lead_acid batteries (FLAB), gas bubbles are initially formed on the surface of the electrodes, which are produced by electrochemical reactions, and then released into the electrolyte. In the present investigation, the effect of surface characterization of electrodes of FLAB on the gas bubble dynamic parameters in the electrolyte flow at different charging/discharging rates (C-rates) are studied utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The results show that the capacity of FLAB have a linear behav-ior due to changes in each of the two parameters of the surface characterization of electrodes and the C-rate. At all State of charges (SOCs) of FLAB cells in different tests, increasing average roughness (Ra) and average wavelength of the roughness (ka) in the electrode surfaces, results in an increase in average bub-ble diameter and bubble rising velocity. Nevertheless, a sharp decrease in the void fraction of bubbles within the electrolyte was observed due to the increment in ka and Ra. Also, the effect of the rising move-ment of gas bubbles within the electrolyte on the average electrolyte velocity pattern in the gap between the electrodes by changing the surface characterization of electrodes are investigated in detail.