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1.
Monometallic (Co) and bimetallic (Co-Ni and Co-Cu) oxides catalysts supported on the almond based activated carbon (AC) were prepared by the heterogeneous deposition-precipitation method. The activity of these catalysts was evaluated as a function of reaction temperature, NaOH, and NaBH4 concentration. Several analysis methods including XRD, XPS, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, ICP-OES, and BET were applied to characterize the structure of prepared samples. Well-dispersed supported bimetallic nano-catalysts with the size of particles below 20 nm were formed by using nickel and copper oxides as a promoter which was confirmed by XRD and TEM techniques. Surface composition of alloy and core-shell cobalt-nickel oxides catalysts was analyzed by ICP-OES which was in a good agreement with nominal content during catalyst preparation. The performance of bimetallic cobalt-nickel oxides catalysts indicated the synergic effect between cobalt and nickel in comparison with monometallic and bimetallic cobalt-copper samples for hydrogen production. Maximum hydrogen generation rate was measured for the supported core-shell catalyst as named Ni1/Co3/AC. The reaction rate increased with increasing the temperature of the alkaline solution as a significant parameter while other operating conditions were kept constant. The optimal values for NaOH and NaBH4 content were calculated to be 10 wt % for both variables at 30 °C. Hydrogen production rates were calculated to be 252.0, 310.8 and 658.8 mL min?1.g?1 by applying Co3/Ni1/AC, Co3-Ni1/AC (alloy) and Ni1/Co3/AC at 30 °C in 5 wt % NaBH4 and 5 wt % NaOH solutions, respectively. Obtained activation energy (50 kJ mol?1) illustrated that the suitable catalysts were synthesized for hydrogen generation. The experimental study showed that the hydrolysis of NaBH4 was a zero-order type reaction with the respect to the sodium borohydride concentration. A semi empirical kinetic model was derived at the various temperatures and NaOH concentrations.  相似文献   

2.
Stable Ag-Ni bimetallic NPs was prepared, characterized, and applied for the dehydrogenation of sodium borohydride in aqueous media. The structure morphology and properties of Ag-Ni NPs were characterized by using conventional techniques such as surface field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Ag-Ni NPs were found to be highly effective catalyst to the hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. The catalytic activity of Ag-Ni was increased with increasing the ratio of Ni (Ag25-Ni25 ˂ Ag25-Ni50 ˂ Ag25-Ni75). The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to [NaBH4]. The apparent activation energy = 16.2 kJ/mol, activation enthalpy = 13.4 kJ/mol, and activation entropy = −135.2 J/K/mol were calculated for the hydrogen generation. The activation energy is much lower than those of the other bimetallic nano catalysts. The excellent catalytic activity, good stability, and low cost make the Ag based Ag-Ni NPs a suitable catalyst for the generation of hydrogen in sodium borohydride hydrolysis. It was found that the Ag25-Ni75 is one of the most reusable and durable catalyst for six consecutive cycles without any significant decrease in their catalytic activity.  相似文献   

3.
The development of efficient and non-noble catalyst is of great significance to hydrogen generation techniques. Three surface-oxidized cobalt borides of Co–B–O@CoxB (x = 0.5, 1 and 2) have been synthesized that can functionalize as active catalysts in both alkaline water electrolysis and the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution. It is discovered that oxidation layer and low boron content favor the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of Co–B–O@CoxB in alkaline water electrolysis. And surface-oxidized cobalt boride with low boron content is more active toward hydrolysis of NaBH4 solution. An alkaline electrolyzer fabricated using the optimized electrodes of Co–B–O@CoB2/Ni as cathode and Co–B–O@Co2B/Ni as anode can deliver current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.54 V for overall water splitting with satisfactory stability. Meanwhile, Co–B–O@Co2B affords the highest hydrogen generation rate of 3.85 L min−1 g−1 for hydrolysis of NaBH4 at 25 °C.  相似文献   

4.
Sodium borohydride exhibits great potential in the field of chemical hydrogen storage. A competent catalyst would accelerate its practical application for hydrogen utilization by enhance the efficiency of hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Herein, a kind of highly efficient and durable synergistic Co–Ni bimetal inlaid carbon sphere catalyst (Co-NiΦC) was prepared by a co-pyrolysis method, of which the configuration of metal inlaid carbon sphere could effectively expose and anchor the active component by contrast with the capsule catalyst (Co–Ni@C) and supported catalyst (Co–Ni/C). Further, diverse cobalt-nickel contents of the Co-NiΦC catalysts were optimized to achieve the best hydrolysis performance of sodium borohydride. The structure-performance relationship of inlaid catalyst and the bimetallic synergistic mechanism were investigated by multiple characterization measurements and the density functional theory (DFT). As demonstrated, the inlaid Co-NiΦC-2 catalyst (Co/Ni molar ratio of 8/2) shows a promising catalytic activity of hydrogen generation rate up to 6364 mLH2·min?1·gmetal?1, a relative low reaction activation energy of 30.3 kJ/mol as well as robust durability where it still remains about 83.4% of its initial reaction rate after the fifth cycle. The outstanding performance of the optimized catalyst may ascribe to the high dispersion, remarkable Co–Ni synergy and high stabilization of the Co–Ni nanoparticles under the confinement effect of the inlaid metal-carbon sphere configuration. This work provides an alternative avenue for the application of efficient carbon-supported bimetal catalysts in the future.  相似文献   

5.
In this study, nickel, nickel-chromium alloy, and nickel-vanadium alloy were coated to form a thin film on the slides prepared by magnetron sputtering process, which were used as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of alkaline sodium borohydride. Factors, such as the temperature of the solution, amount of the catalyst, initial pH of the solution and the performance of these catalysts on hydrogen generation rate were investigated using response surface methodology. Moreover, the catalysts were characterized using XRD and FE-SEM/EDS analyses. Utilizing the obtained optimum conditions of the response surface methodology estimation, the maximum hydrogen generation rate was 35,071 mL min−1 gNiV−1 from NiV catalyst at 60 °C, pH 6, and 1.75 g catalyst conditions. Under the same experiment conditions, the maximum hydrogen generation rates of Ni and NiCr catalyst systems are 28,362 mL min−1 gNi−1, and 30,608 mL min−1 gNiCr−1, respectively.  相似文献   

6.
In the present study, nanostructured Co–Ni–P catalysts have been successfully prepared on Cu sheet by electroless plating method. The morphologies of Co–Ni–P catalysts are composed of football-like, granular, mockstrawberry-like and shuttle-like shapes by tuning the depositional pH value. The as-deposited mockstrawberry-like Co–Ni–P catalyst exhibits an enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 solution. The hydrogen generation rate and activation energy are 2172.4 mL min−1 g−1 and 53.5 kJ mol−1, respectively. It can be inferred that the activity of catalysts is the result of the synergistic effects of the surface roughness, the particle size and microscopic architectures. Furthermore, the stability of mockstrawberry-like Co–Ni–P catalyst has been discussed, and the hydrogen generation rate remains about 81.4% of the initial value after 5 cycles.  相似文献   

7.
In recent years, catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is considered to be a promising approach for hydrogen generation towards fuel cell devices, and highly efficient and noble-metal-free catalysts have attracted increasing attention. In our present work, Co3O4 nanocubes are synthesized by solvothermal method, and then vapor-phase phosphorization treatment is carried out for the preparation of novel Co−O−P composite nanocatalysts composed of multiple active centers including Co, CoO, and Co2P. For catalyst characterization, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) are conducted. Optimal conditions for catalyst preparation and application were investigated in detail. At room temperature (25 °C), maximum hydrogen generation rate (HGR) is measured to be 4.85 L min−1 g−1 using a 4 wt% NaBH4 − 8 wt% NaOH solution, which is much higher than that of conventional catalysts with single component reported in literature. It is found that HGR remarkably increases with the increasing of reaction temperature, and apparent activation energy for catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 is calculated to be 63 kJ mol−1. After reusing for five times, the Co−O−P composite nanocatalysts still retains 78% of the initial activity.  相似文献   

8.
Effective Co/Cu, CoB/Cu, and CoBM (M = Mo,Zn,Fe)/Cu catalysts were prepared on the copper surface by a simple electroless deposition method using a morpholine borane as a reducing agent in the glycine solution. The activity of the deposited catalysts was investigated for hydrogen generation from an alkaline sodium borohydride solution. It was determined that these synthesized catalysts demonstrated the catalytic activity for the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4. The lowest obtained activation energy (EA) of the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4was 27 kJ mol?1 for the CoBMo/Cu catalyst. The hydrogen generation rate of 15.30 ml min?1 was achieved using CoBMo/Cu catalysts at 313 K and it increased ~3.5 times with the increase of temperature to 343 K. The highest hydrogen generation rate obtained by CoBMo/Cu films may be related to the hierarchical cauliflower-shaped 3D structures and the high roughness surface area. Moreover, the CoBMo/Cu catalyst showed an excellent reusability.  相似文献   

9.
Hydrogen is an alternative and clean energy carrier, but there are still some production related problems. In this aspect, it is crucial to efficiently generate hydrogen from hydrogen rich materials such as sodium borohydride. In this study, Co3O4 supported Ni and Co catalysts are synthesized via microwave irradiation technique for hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride. In this context, firstly, Co3O4 support material is synthesized by chemical method. Then, Ni and Co catalysts are decorated onto Co3O4 support material by microwave irradiation-polyol method. Prepared catalysts and support material are characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). A new system is designed by our group in order to determine the activity of the prepared catalysts for hydrogen generation. The effects of different initial NaOH concentrations on hydrogen generation rate are investigated. It is observed that the rate of hydrogen generation increased with an increase in initial NaOH concentration. Co-Co3O4 catalyst at 10% NaOH initial concentration shows the highest hydrogen generation rate as 2823 ml/gcat.min. In summary, Co-based catalysts are exhibited more activity than Ni-based catalysts in terms of hydrogen generation.  相似文献   

10.
In the present study, a cobalt-doped catalyst was prepared from chicken eggshell powder (CEP) biowaste to be used in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). In the presence of the prepared catalyst (CEPcat), possible effects of the parameters of NaOH concentration (%), catalyst amount (g), NaBH4 concentration (%), process temperature (oC) and reusability affecting the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride were examined. The CEPcat obtained was characterized with FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM and EDX analyses. The hydrogen generation rate (HGR) was determined as 432 mL gCo−1 min−1 in the presence of 1 g CEPcat, a CoO/CaO ratio of 10/90 and 1% NaBH4 concentration. The activation energy of the NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction was calculated as 16.78 kJ mol−1. After 16 reuses of the CEPcat there was no significant decrease in the hydrogen volume. Compared to the first use while there was an increase in the HGR. These results showed that the CEPcat prepared has a significant advantage over other catalysts for use in NaBH4 hydrolysis.  相似文献   

11.
Cubic Co–La–Zr–B nano particles were prepared in situ for the first time from the reduction of Co(II), La(III) and Zr(IV) chloride by sodium borohydride in methanol under reflux condition. Poly N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizing agent was used for preparation of Co–La–Zr–B nano particles. Obtained powders were characterized by XRD, BET, ICP, SEM, TEM and UV–vis techniques. XRD patterns declare that under argon atmosphere only metalboride phase has been crystallized and it was not seen any oxide phase of metals. TEM image depicts that PVP stabilized nano particles are square shaped particles that containing many nanoclusters. Cubic Co–La–Zr–B nano particles were also confirmed by SEM image. Co–La–Zr–B is highly active catalysts for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. The reported work also includes the full experimental details for the collection of a wealth of kinetic data to determine the activation energy (Ea = 53 kJ mol−1) and effects of the catalyst dosage, amount of NaBH4, and temperature on the rate of the catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 is first order with respect to the catalyst concentration and also first order to the NaBH4 concentration in the case of cubic Co–La–Zr–B nano particles.  相似文献   

12.
Ru-Co nanoparticles prepared in nano-size by combustion derived of citric acid used sol-gel technique followed by calcination process at 450 °C. The external and internal properties of nano-sized catalyst were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, ICP-OES, and N2 sorption techniques. The characterization results proved that nano-sized catalyst was mixture of cubic Co3O4 (18 nm) and tetragonal RuO2 (40 nm) crystals with mesoporous structure (12.64 m2g-1). Insight into the role of solvents for enhancing hydrogen production from Ru-Co nanoparticles catalyzed sodium borohydride (NaBH4, SBH) was systematically studied by altering the dehydrogenation medium with water or methanol. The reaction kinetic performance of nano-sized catalyst was evaluated by performing both hydrogen generation reactions at various reaction temperatures, initial SBH concentration, and catalyst dosage to evaluate the hydrogen generation activity. Ru-Co nanoparticles exhibited exclusive catalytic performance for hydrogen generation by hydrolysis and methanolysis of SBH. The apparent activation energies (Ea) for the catalytic hydrolysis and methanolysis of SBH over Ru-Co nanoparticles were determined to be 20.02 kJ mol−1 and 54.38 kJ mol−1, respectively. Furthermore, Ru-Co nanoparticles also performed satisfied stability for both hydrolysis and methanolysis reactions. Beside both hydrogen generation was achived with fully conversion of SBH, Ru-Co nanoparticles promised good recyclability for at least 5 cycle for methanolysis of SBH.  相似文献   

13.
Cyclic life of catalyst for hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is one of the key issues, which hinder commercialization of hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution. This paper is aimed at promoting the cyclic life of Ru/Ni foam catalysts by employing an electro-deposition method. The effect of hydrolysis parameters on hydrolysis of sodium borohydride was studied for improving the catalytic performance. It is found that the hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by Ru/Ni foam catalyst can reach as high as 23.03 L min?1 g?1 (Ru). The Ru/Ni foam catalyst shows good catalytic activity after a cycleability test of 100 cycles by rinsing with HCl, which is considered as more effective method than rinsing with water for recovering the performance of Ru/Ni foam catalyst.  相似文献   

14.
Hydrogen generation through hydrolysis of sodium borohydride was examined over a series of supported cobalt nano particles as novel catalysts. For the first time extracted Glucomannan from Orchis Mascula used as a suitable matrix for preparation and stabilization of cobalt catalysts. Insoluble glucomannan obtained by polymerization reaction in the presence of MBA cross-linker and MAA monomer. Size, morphology and hydrogen generation activity of Co-glucomannan powders are studied by varying MAA/MBA ratios. XRD, XPS, FE-SEM and TEM techniques were used to characterization of obtained catalysts. All nano catalysts are formed in amorphous phase. Electron microscopic images confirmed that almost all particles are less than 10 nm. It is shown, cobalt particles are dispersed on the surface of glucomannan polymer without agglomeration. Catalytic activity of obtained Co-glucomannan are tested on hydrogen generation over hydrolysis of sodium borohydride reaction. Kinetic studies were applied to determine partial order respect to catalyst dosage and initial concentration of sodium borohydride. Finally, Arrhenius equation was used to find activation energy of hydrolysis sodium borohydride reaction over Co-glucomannan nano catalyst.  相似文献   

15.
Porous carbon nanostructures are promising supports for stabilizing the highly dispersed metal nanoparticles and facilitating the mass transfer during the reaction, which are critical to achieve the high efficiency of hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride dehydrogenation. Herein, the catalytically active porous architectures are simply prepared by using 2-methylimidazole and melamine as reactive sources. The structural and compositional characterizations reveal the coexistence of metallic cobalt and N-doped carbon in porous architectures. Electron microscopy observations indicate that the synthesized products are smartly constructed from the carbon nanosheets with densely dispersed Co nanoparticles. Due to the notable structural features, the prepared Co@NC-600 sample presents the highly efficient activity for catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 with a hydrogen generation rate of 2574 mL min−1 gcat−1 and an activation energy of 47.6 kJ mol−1. The catalytically active metallic Co and suitable support-effect of N-doped carbon are responsible for catalytic dehydrogenation.  相似文献   

16.
In this study, Ni deposited carbon fiber electrode (Ni/CF) prepared by electroless deposition method was examined for their redox process and electrocatalytic activities during the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borohydride in alkaline solutions. The Ni/CF catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical voltammetry analysis. The electrocatalytic activity of the Ni/CF for oxidation of hydrogen peroxide and sodium borohydride in alkaline solutions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The anodic peak current density is found to be three times higher on Ni/CF catalyst for sodium borohydride compared to that for hydrogen peroxide. Preliminary tests on a single cell of a direct borohydride/peroxide fuel cell (DBPFC) and direct peroxide/peroxide fuel cell (DPPFC) indicate that DBPFC with the power density of 5.9 mW cm−2 provides higher performance than DPPFC (3.8 mWcm−2).  相似文献   

17.
The fast release of hydrogen from borohydride is highly desired for a fuel cell system. However, the generation of hydrogen from borohydride is limited by the low activity and low stability of the catalyst. Herein, a highly active catalyst is synthesized through a simple one-step chemical reduction using bacterial cellulose (BC) derived carbon as a support for the active Co–B alloy. The morphology and microstructure of the BC/Co–B nanocomposite are characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and BET adsorption analysis. The BC/Co–B possesses high surface area (125.31 m2 g?1) high stability and excellent catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of NaBH4. Compared with unsupported Co–B nanocomposite or commercial carbon supported Co–B, the BC/Co–B nanocomposite shows greatly improved catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of NaBH4 with a high hydrogen generation rate of 3887.1 mL min?1 g?1 at 30 °C. An activation energy of 56.37 kJ mol?1 was achieved for the hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the BC/Co–B demonstrated excellent stability. These results indicate that the BC/Co–B nanocomposite is a promising candidate for the hydrolysis of borohydrides.  相似文献   

18.
Boron compounds have recently attracted attention in hydrogen production since they contain many hydrogen atoms. Among these compounds, ammonia borane, which has high hydrogen density (in weight basis), can be used to produce hydrogen through a hydrolysis reaction. However, since the ammonia borane solution is highly resistant to hydrolysis under ambient conditions, there is a need for active and stable catalysts to accelerate the reaction. In this review paper, unsupported and carbon-based supported metal catalysts used for hydrogen production through the hydrolysis of ammonia borane are presented. Noble metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and their binary and ternary alloys) and non-noble metal catalysts (Co, Ni, Fe, Cu and their binary and ternary alloys) were examined. The activation energy of reaction and turnover frequency (TOF) values were compared for these catalysts. Among the unsupported catalysts, it was concluded that the multi-metal catalyst systems (binary, ternary and quaternary) have higher catalytic activity than a single use of the same metals. In addition, the comparison showed that the supported catalysts are more resistant to catalytic cycles and suitable for long-term use. It was observed that CNT supported Rh (TOF = 706 mol H2 mol cat−1 min−1) and graphene supported Ru (TOF = 600 mol H2 mol cat−1 min−1) catalysts are the most active catalysts for the hydrogen generation from the ammonia borane at room temperature.  相似文献   

19.
High-purity hydrogen can be generated by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride and used for operating portable proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The monolith supported catalyst is suitable for practical NaBH4-based hydrogen generation system due to its simple reactor structure miniaturizing for small size applications and easy separation from the spent solution. In the present study, a structured catalyst was prepared by wash-coating the Al2O3 sol over the wall of cordierite monolith followed by depositing Pt using incipient wet impregnation method; then the monolithic catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, SEM, HRTEM and XPS. The catalytic activity of the Pt-based monolithic catalyst towards hydrolysis of NaBH4 was tested using a flow reactor under ambient conditions in an autothermal manner. The characterization results show that Pt nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the surface of the Al2O3-coated layer. A continuous and stable hydrogen generation can be obtained by feeding the reactant (10 wt% NaBH4–5 wt % NaOH) into the tube reactor loaded with the monolithic catalyst at feed rates of 0.5–2.0 mL min−1.  相似文献   

20.
Sodium borohydride has attracted much attention because of its high hydrogen density, low hydrolysis temperature and safety. However, most of the current catalysts are expensive and their performances are easily attenuated. Therefore, the development of new catalysts with excellent performances and low cost is the key to its application. In this work, a novel dandelion-like CoMoNi–B/ZIF-67 catalyst with excellent performance was prepared by chemical reduction at room temperature, wherein the CoMoNi–B amorphous alloy was evenly wrapped on the ZIF-67 carrier through liquid phase reduction to form a dandelion-like composite catalyst, of which the “flower bud” ZIF-67 carrier is about 500 nm, and the “crown” flocculent amorphous alloy is about 400 nm. The as-synthesized CoMoNi–B/ZIF-67 has a dandelion-like structure, uniform distribution, large specific surface area, and exhibits an excellent catalytic activity with an apparent activation energy of 35.01 kJ/mol calculated by the Arrhenius equation. Its catalytic hydrolysis rate for sodium borohydride reaches up to 6277 (mL H2 min/g Co and Ni) at 25 °C. Compared with traditional precious metal catalysts, this novel dandelion-like CoMoNi–B/ZIF-67 catalyst has simple preparation, low cost, and easy availability of raw materials, has great potential application for hydrogen generation in NaBH4 hydrolysis.  相似文献   

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