生物表面活性剂产生菌BYS6的产物特性与稳定性研究

从延长油田采油厂的土样中分离出一株不动杆菌BYS6(Acinetobacter sp.),在以甘油为碳源的培养基中发酵可产生生物表面活性剂,红外光谱检测该产物为糖脂类生物表面活性剂,在25℃室温条件下将发酵培养基表面张力从69.8mN/m降低至32.3mN/m左右。对原油的乳化降粘效果良好,9d后乳化相仍可保持86%。经测定其临界胶来浓度CMC值为70mg/L。该产物性能稳定,在不同温度、pH和矿化度条件下表面活性剂性能保持不变。     

大港孔店油田产生物表面活性剂本源茵研究

从大港孔店油田分离出一株嗜中温产生物表面活性剂菌株dgbs25,经生理生化和16SrDNA分子鉴定,该茵与根癌土壤杆菌最为相近;该菌株在含有烃类物质的培养基中产生生物表面活性物质,其最适温度为42℃,最适pH值为7;产生的生物表面活性剂使培养液的表面张力从69.72mN/m下降到35.23mN/m,生物表面活性剂的产量为3.6g/L,对柴油的乳化活性最大达到68%,对液蜡的乳化活性可达到100%.该产生物表面活性剂菌可应用于微生物提高原油采收率(MEOR).     

二苯并噻吩脱硫菌Rhodopseudomonas sp. AS-21的脱硫条件优化

以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模式物筛选得到专一性脱硫菌Rhodopseudomonas sp.AS-21。通过单因素考察实验结果分析温度、pH、碳源、氮源和DBT初始浓度对脱硫率和细胞浓度的影响,得出菌株的最适宜生长和脱硫条件:培养温度为30℃,初始pH为7.5,碳源为10g/L甘油,氮源为2g/L的氯化铵,DBT初始浓度为100mg/L。利用Design-Expert软件进行显著性分析,结果表明温度、pH、DBT浓度影响的显著性较高。采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)响应曲面法设计三因素三水平共20组实验,得到脱硫率和细胞质量浓度的二次回归模型。在Design-Expert软件模拟的条件下,以响应值最大为目标进行优化求解,结果表明在温度为29.70℃、pH为7.43、DBT初始浓度为105.47mg/L时可得到最大脱硫率(72.32%)及最大菌株生长量(2.311g/L)。经实验验证,所求最优解正确。     

烃降解菌WJ-1及其生物表面活性剂特性研究

从蒙古林油田水样筛选得到一株能以烃类为唯一碳源、高产表面活性剂的烃降解菌WJ-1,经16Sr DNA初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa.该菌株以大豆油为碳源的培养基发酵7天,发酵液表面张力降到25.586 mN/m,排油圈直径增大到11.8 cm.薄层色谱分析表明所产表面活性剂主要有鼠李糖脂、蛋白类和脂类,蒽酮法测得96小时发酵液中鼠李糖脂含量最高,为55g/L;从发酵液提取的棕黄色生物表面活性剂(粗品),其表观临界胶束浓度为20 mg/L;以不同黏度的4种原油作为碳源培养7天,原油平均降解率为52%.在渗透率0.4μm2的物理模型上,以1 PV的0.6%WJ-1菌液、0.6 g/L的聚合物溶液、0.6%WJ-1菌液+0.6g/L的聚合物溶液分别驱替水驱残余油,采收率分别提高6.56%、9.08%、23.08%,表明该菌可用于微生物采油.     

高抗盐羟基磺基甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成与性能

针对常规表面活性剂在化学驱和压裂中不抗盐的问题,以十四醇、环氧氯丙烷、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠等为原料,通过两步醚化法和一步季胺化法合成了一种高抗盐性羟基磺基甜菜碱型表面活性剂[N-(6-十四烷氧基-5-羟基)-丙氧基乙基-N-二甲基-N-(2-羟基)丙磺酸钠]氯化铵。用红外光谱仪对化合物的结构进行了表征,研究了表面活性剂水溶液的表面活性。结果表明,所合成的表面活性剂具有优良的表面活性,25℃下的临界胶束浓度(cCMC)为6.4×10~(-4)mol/L、临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC)为32.2 m N/m、降低表面张力效率(pC20)为3.38、饱和吸附量(Γmax)为2.80×10~(-6)mol/m~2、最小吸附面积(Amin)为0.17 nm~2/分子。该表面活性剂亲水基团受高矿化度的影响较小,抗盐性较好,在NaCl、CaCl_2和MgCl_2质量浓度分别为2.8×10~5、2.0×10~4和2.0×10~4mg/L的溶液中均未出现沉淀。     

碳氢和氟碳表面活性剂室内协同性研究

研究了碳氢表面活性剂和氟碳表面活性剂复配溶液的表面张力及CMC变化规律,采用K100C表面张力仪测试不同温度、pH值、盐以及溶剂下表面张力。实验结果表明:当0.0410 g/L的FC和0.3322 g/L的SDBS复配与SDBS单剂相比,溶液的表面张力降低8 mN/m;无机盐使FC+SDBS复配体系的表面活性增强,表面张力下降,不同价态的无机盐对溶液表面活性的影响规律是Ca^2+>K^+>Na^+;异丙醇对降低FC+SDBS复配体系的表面张力有利。通过对碳氢和氟碳表面活性剂室内协同性研究可以有效指导工业生产,降低成本。     

响应曲面法优化假单胞菌LKY-5对二苯并噻吩的降解

In this research, the degradation of dibenzothiophene （DBT） was investigated by using Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5isolated from oil contaminated soil. The response surface methodology （RSM） based on the Box-Behnken design （BBD）was applied for evaluating the interactive effects of four independent variables including substrate concentration, temperature,pH and agitation rate on the DBT removal response. A total of 29 experiments for four factors at three levels wereconducted in present study. A second-order regression model was then developed, and the analysis of variance （ANOVA）illustrated that the proposed quadratic model could be utilized to navigate the design space. The value of determination coefficient（R2=0.953 4） indicated a satisfactory agreement between the quadratic model and the experimental data. It was found thatDBT removal was more significantly affected （P〈0.000 1） by substrate concentration compared with other three parameters.An 100% degradation of DBT could be obtained by Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5 at a substrate concentration of 100 mg/L.     

乳化剂和破乳剂

TQ423.99 JSH9804501用来自糖蜜的绿脓杆菌GS3制备生物表面活性剂~Biosurfaetant produetion by Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa GSs from molasse:〔刊,英〕/Patel RM…//Letr.APpl.Mierobiol一1997,25(2)一91~94 绿脓杆菌GS3分别在糖蜜中生长并以玉米浆作伯碳及氮源时,产生了鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂。生长96h后,培养基上层清液的鼠李搪浓度为。.24g/L,可将原油的界面张力从21mN/m降到0.47mN/m。此鼠李糖脂能与正烷烃、芳族化合物、原油及橄榄油形成稳定的乳液。这些研究表明,可再生、相对廉价及易得的资源,可用于重要的生物工艺。(127…     

阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的合成与表面活性

以乙二胺、2-氯乙基磺酸钠、癸酸、三氯化磷为原料制备了阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂乙撑-双(N-乙磺酸-十酰胺)钠盐,对目标产物的表面活性进行表征,结果表明,该双子表面活性剂25 ℃时表面张力为32.0 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为5.21×10-4 mol/L,同时也测定了无机盐对其表面活性的影响及其与普通阳离子表面活性剂的复配性能.     

VES自转向盐酸液变粘特性研究

实验研究了未指名孪二连型粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)自转向盐酸液的变粘特性。5%VES HCl CaCl2模拟酸液的粘度在pH值高于-0.57后迅速上升,pH值1~2时有最大值,这与前人的实验结果略有不同。将2%~6%VES 1%HCl 18.25?Cl2模拟酸液的pH值调至~2,得到的凝胶粘度随VES浓度增大而增大,随温度升高(25~70℃)经历不同的极大值(30~50℃)。5%VES 20%HCl酸液与CaCO3完全反应、pH升至4~5时,形成的凝胶粘度也随温度升高而经历极大值(67℃),但在30~40℃区间粘度急剧波动。G′和G″的频率关系曲线表明0.1%HCl 5%VES 18.25?Cl2模拟酸液的弹性和粘性均大于含0.01%和1.0%HCl的模拟酸液。pH值改变(0.17~13.0)不会使6%VES溶液增粘;加入56~219 g/L CaCl2不会使20%HCl 6%VES酸液增粘;加入3.4mol/L Na 并调pH值至中性或加入2.3 mol/L Ca2 并调pH值至弱酸性,使0.1%HCl 5%VES酸液粘度增大至78~80 mPa.s;因此同时加大pH值和阳离子(Ca2 或Na )浓度,才能使VES酸液增粘。图7表2参10。     

Studies of Biosurfactant for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery by Using Bacteria Isolated From the Formation Water of a Petroleum Reservoir

Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1, an indigenous rhamnolipid (RL)-producing bacterium, was isolated from petroleum-reservoir brines. The authors studied the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N, wt/wt) on RL production. The results demonstrated that waste sunflower oil (at 80 g/L) and NaNO₃ was optimum carbon and nitrogen source. The optimized C/N ratio was 8. RL production in 3,000 L intelligent fermenter showed that the maximum yield of RL was 50.2 g/L under optimum conditions. The surface tension of culture decreased from 67.59 to 24.5 mN/m. Physical simulation experiments on microbial enhanced oil recovery showed that the maximum oil recovery of strain WJ-1 and its biosurfactant in sand-packed column was 23.02%.     

Functional characterization of a biosurfactant-producing thermo-tolerant bacteria isolated from an oil reservoir

A Bacillus subtilis strain JA-1 isolated from an oil reservoir was studied.This strain is capable of growth and producing biosurfactant at a temperature of 60 oC.In nutrient medium it produced biosurfactant which reduced the surface tension from 68.2 mN/m to 28.3 mN/m,with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 48 mg/L.The measured surface tension indicated that the biosurfactant possessed stable surface activity at high temperature and a specific range of pH and salt concentrations.The results of thin layer chromatography (TLC) together with FT-IR showed that the metabolic product of strain JA-1 is a lipopeptide biosurfactant.The ability to growth at high temperature and to produce biosurfactant makes strain JA-1 promising for enhanced oil recovery.     

Studies on the Production of Biosurfactant for the Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery by Using Bacteria Isolated from Oil Contaminated Wet Soil

Abstract

There are obvious advantages of biosurfactants over chemical surfactants. The developing shortage of oil and rapid increase of oil prices is putting pressure on oil companies to recover as much oil as possible from the wells to sustain the oil economy. Therefore, there is a need to research some “super bugs,” which can produce active and stable biosurfactants in good yields. Five bacterial strains presently isolated from the oil-contaminated soil were selected for the screening for biosurfactant production, via three different methods: surface tension measurements, drop-collapsing test, and emulsification index (EI₂₄) test. Two thermophillic isolates coded as SGI and LFA were found to be the suitable candidates for biosurfactant production. In fact, the biosurfactant produced by the isolate SGI led to the reduction of surface tension up to 26 m/N/m; thus, SGI was selected for the further studies. Biosurfactant production by the thermophillic isolate SGI was found to be growth-associated in all conditions tested. Biosurfactant production using different cheaper carbon substrates was studied. The production of biosurfactant was also studied using isolate SGI, under different conditions of high temperature, NaCl concentration, pH, carbon source, and initial nitrogen concentration. The biosurfactant was found to produce a relatively stable emulsion with hydrocarbons at a wide range of pH. It was also found to be stable at various pH ranges (7.0–14.0) for SGI and was also found to be thermostable for 1 hr at 125°C, based on the value of surface tension. There is a wide array of further studies in the area of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) including further boosting the activity of the isolate by using adaptation, enrichment, and nutrient enrichment techniques.     

硫酸钙防垢剂的合成与性能评价

以顺丁烯二酸酐、内烯酸和烯丙基磺酸钠为原料,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,经共聚应就制得硫酸钙防垢剂聚顺丁烯二酸酐-丙烯酸-烯丙基磺酸钠三元共聚物(BSI);专察了BSI含量、温度、时间、体系pH、NaCl含量、成垢离子(Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)))浓度对防垢率的影响,同时考察了BSI含量对高浓度成垢离子溶液防垢率的影响。实验结果表明,在70℃、25 h、ρ(BSI)=3mg/L、c(Ca~(2+))=c(SO_4~(2-))=0.1 mol/L、体系pH=8、ρ(NaCl)=7.5 g/L的条件下,防垢率为99.0%。成垢离子浓度对BSI的防垢率影响很大,对于高浓度成垢离子溶液,增加BSI用量仍可使其具有较好的防垢效果;当溶溶剂化物中(Ca~(2+))=c(SO_4~(2-)=0.6 mol/L、ρ(BSI)=220 mg/L时,防垢率仍可达到99.0%。根据BSI的分子结构特点,分析了BSI与Ca~(2+)形成络合物的络合机理,还进一步探讨了BSI的分散絮凝和晶格畸变作用机理。     

新型油气回收吸附剂HBY-1的吸附性能研究

对新型油气回收吸附剂HBY-1的吸附、解吸性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,室温下,在甲苯浓度为10 000μL/L、空速为200～400h-1、解吸时间为2h、解吸温度为22℃时,HBY-1对甲苯的平衡吸附容量为28.0％,解吸速率为23.0g/h,高于活性炭;在油气浓度为140 000μL/L、解吸时间为2h、解吸温度为22℃时,HYB-1的吸附热比活性炭低17.1kJ/mol,而HYB-1的解吸速率为18.0g/h,是活性炭解吸速率的1.5倍,说明HYB-1的安全性和回收性能均优于活性炭。     

胍胶压裂返排液残渣净化处理技术

常规胍胶压裂返排液残渣净化处理过程中,只考虑残渣的含量是否达到排放标准,并没有对净化处理后残渣粒径是否达到排放标准进行研究。以残渣粒径不大于1 μm 作为评价标准,采用“絮凝处理+ 活性炭处理”的方法进行压裂返排液净化处理实验。实验结果表明,明矾、聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸氯化铁铝（PAFCS）等3 种常用絮凝剂处理后的残渣粒径处于1~2 μm,其中PAFCS 絮凝处理效果最好,其最优实验条件为:加量2.5 g/L,粒径0.25~0.3 mm,搅拌时间20 min,静置时间30 min;明矾、PAC、PAFCS 絮凝处理后的液体中分别加入4.5 g/L、4 g/L、3.5 g/L 活性炭,净化处理后残渣粒径小于1 μm,残渣粒径及残渣含量均达到国家排放标准。     

Optimization of the Production of Biosurfactant From Iranian Indigenous Bacteria for the Reduction of Surface Tension and Enhanced Oil Recovery

Abstract

The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production by Iran's isolates were examined. The Taguchi method was used to identify nutritional requirements in the medium using four parameters; that is, carbon source, nitrogen, phosphorous, and salt concentrations. The use of whey, oil, and sucrose as carbon sources; NaCl as salt source; (Na₂HPO₄, NaH₂PO₄) as phosphorous source; and (NH₄)₂SO₄ as nitrogen source was examined to determine bacteria optimum conditions. According to the Taguchi method using the sucrose source, the optimal conditions for Bacillus subtilis were 50 g/L NaCl, 13.53 g/L (Na₂HPO₄, NaH₂PO₄), and 1 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄; for Bacillus cereus they were 25 g/L NaCl, 13.53 g/L (Na₂HPO₄, NaH₂PO₄), and 1 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄; and for Pseudomonas putida they were 25 g/L NaCl, 13.53 g/L (Na₂HPO₄, NaH₂PO₄), and 1 g/L (NH₄2_SO. Oil displacement experiments in the micromodel at optimum conditions showed around 25% recovery of residual oil with added supernatant of Bacillus subtilis.     

Production of biosurfactant by Bacillus megaterium and its correlation with lipid peroxidation of Lactuca sativa

The biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolate was isolated from an oil-contaminated water sample. This study aimed to determine the production of biosurfactant and its effect on the plant growth via the biosorption of some heavy metals. The isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus megaterium ATTC 14581. The surface activity of the produced biosurfactant was determined. The biosurfactant was recovered from the cell-free culture of a bacterial strain at 1.5 g/L. The extracted biosurfactant shows potential stability towards some factors, like temperature and salinity. The FTIR analysis confirmed the production of surfactin biosurfactant. The impact of B. megaterium biosurfactant on Pb and Ar significantly increases morphological features, proline, and antioxidant enzymes, while a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂, and O₂.     

内酯型槐糖脂生物表面活性剂性能评价

为寻找可应用于三次采油的新型生物表面活性剂,以内酯型槐糖脂生物表面活性剂为驱油剂,系统评价了其临界胶束浓度、表面活性、界面活性、乳化性能及耐温耐盐能力,并通过室内物理模拟驱油实验研究了其驱油效率.结果表明:内酯型槐糖脂生物表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为100 mg/L,具有良好的表面和界面活性及乳化性能,其乳化性能比石油磺酸盐稳定;具有较强的耐温耐盐能力,适用于高温高盐的油藏环境;内酯型槐糖脂表面活性剂的有效驱油质量浓度为10 mg/L,随着其质量浓度的增加,驱油效率成倍增加,当其质量浓度达到10 000 mg/L时,可提高采收率7.15％,具有良好的驱油性能.通过实验还发现石英砂对内酯型槐糖脂表面活性剂的吸附量较少,说明其是比较经济的生物表面活性剂.