Interplay Between Conducting and Magnetic Systems in the Antiferromagnetic Organic Superconductor <Emphasis Type="Italic">κ</Emphasis>-(BETS)<Subscript>2</Subscript>FeBr<Subscript>4</Subscript>

The mutual influence of the conduction electron system provided by organic donor layers and magnetic system localized in insulating layers of the molecular charge transfer salt κ-(BETS)₂FeBr₄ has been studied. It is demonstrated that besides the high-field re-entrant superconducting state, the interaction between the two systems plays important role for the low-field superconductivity. The coupling of normal-state charge carriers to the magnetic system is reflected in magnetic quantum oscillations and can be evaluated based on the angle-dependent beating behavior of the oscillations. On the other hand, the conduction electrons have their impact on the magnetic system, which is revealed through the pressure-induced changes of the magnetic phase diagram of the material.     

The identification of faulted prismatic dislocation loops in single crystals of undoped InP

High-voltage transmission electron microscopy has shown that undoped single crystals of indium phosphide, grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski technique, can contain linear arrays of faulted dislocation loops. The plane of the loops is (1 1 0), the fault vector is 1/n [1 1 0] and the Burgers vector of the dislocation loop is 1/n [1 1 0]. A direct correlation has been obtained between these loops and arrays of both ridge and prism features revealed by chemical etching. Sequential use of two etchants has also established a direct link between the faulted dislocation loops and the slip dislocations induced by thermal stresses during crystal growth. A study of a number of crystals grown from differently prepared starting materials suggests that the formation of the loops is associated with departures from stoichiometry and inhibited by the presence of dopant impurities.     

Inductance Calculations for Noncoaxial Coils Using Bessel Functions

A relatively simple and general method for calculating the mutual inductance and self-inductance of both coaxial and noncoaxial cylindrical coils is given. For combinations of cylindrical coils, thin solenoids, pancake coils, and simple circular loops, the mutual inductance can be reduced to a one-dimensional integral of closed form expressions involving Bessel and related functions. Coaxial and noncoaxial cases differ only by the presence of an extra Bessel factor J ₀(sp) in the noncoaxial integral, where p is the perpendicular distance separating the coil axes and s is the variable of integration. The method is related to a recently given noncoaxial generalization of Ruby's formula for a nuclear radiation source and detector system, the analogy being close but not exact. In many cases, the Bessel function integral for the inductance can be easily evaluated directly using Maple or Mathematica. In other cases, it is better to transform the integral to a more numerically friendly form. A general analytical solution is presented for the inductance of two circular loops which lie in the same plane     

空心线圈电感的计算与实验分析

 介绍了体内微机电系统空心线圈电感的计算,主要对非同轴的线圈互感计算进行详细研究,分析了初次级线圈主要几何参数如轴向和径向距离、夹角、线圈半径等对互感的影响.计算结果表明：轴向距离和径向距离增大,互感均减小,但轴向距离对互感的影响要大得多;夹角越大,互感减小,夹角为90°时,互感几乎为0;当线圈半径变化时,互感有个最大值.同时给出一种三轴移动测试平台,可以快捷精确地调节线圈间的轴向径向距离和夹角,在此基础上建立了互感测试系统,测试结果与计算值是相符合的.     

Coherent behavior of two interacting Dayem bridges

Two superconducting thin-film microbridges (Dayem bridges) fabricated in the same tin or indium film and situated only a few micrometers apart can have their Josephson frequencies locked to each other when their dc voltages are approximately matched (independent of their relative sign). We have in a number of cases studied the results of such an interaction in the current-voltage characteristics and in the total emitted Josephson radiation. The threshold for observing a mutual locking depends on the quality of the Dayem bridges as well as on the distance between the two bridges. For tin we have so far obtained coherent behavior for two Dayem bridges at a distance of up to 12 µm. For indium the corresponding distance was 3.5 µm. A tentative model of the interaction is proposed. This model includes the suggestion of a propagating current/branch imbalance excitation in superconductors.     

Numerical Determination of the Spacing of N Loops for Minimum Inductance in a ? Sensor

In this paper, the possibility of minimizing the total inductance of an N loop ? sensor is considered by numerically determining the optimum spacing between the loops. This technique involves formulating a set of simultaneous nonlinear equations for the loop separations using the maxima-minima theory with constraints, and then solving these equations using a multidimensional Newton-Raphson algorithm. It is found, however, that the mutual inductance is not a strong function of the loop positions, which implies that the total loop inductance is relatively insensitive to these values.     

The Renormalization Effects in the Microstrip-SQUID Amplifier

The peculiarities of the microstrip-DC SQUID amplifier caused by the resonant structure of the input circuit are analyzed. It is shown that the mutual inductance, that couples the input circuit and the SQUID loop, depends on the frequency of electromagnetic field. The renormalization of the SQUID parameters due to the screening effect of the input circuit vanishes when the Josephson frequency is much greater than the signal frequency.     

Magnetic Properties of a Nano-graphene Monolayer with Higher-Order Exchange Interaction Coupling

Using the Monte Carlo simulation, we have studied the phase diagrams and the hysteresis behaviors of a single layer Ising nanographene with next-nearest neighbors coupling J ₂ and four-spin interaction J ₄ in the presence of a crystal field D and applied magnetic field h. It can emphasize that, for appropriate system parameters, the nanographene can exhibit a new phenomenon manifested in the emergence of an antiferromagnetic phase sandwiched between two ferromagnetic ones. Concerning the hysteresis behavior, the system can present a multiple hysteresis loops.     

Low Temperature Behavior of a Two-Dimensional Quantum Antiferromagnet

We analyze the two-dimensional antiferromagnet with a quantum disordered ground state and a gap to bosonic excitations with finite spin. The zero temperature (T = 0) quantum phase transition is studied, and the finite temperature effects are also considered in the low temperature approximation of the Renormalization Group Method. The violation of the universality expected for d = 2 system has been shown to be logarithmic for T = 0 and T 0. We showed that chemical potential and the ground state energy depends on the interaction parameters at T = 0 and T 0. but this dependence is logarithmic.     

The description of morphologically stable regimes for steady state solidification based on the maximum entropy production rate postulate

The maximum entropy production rate (MEPR) in the solid–liquid zone is developed and tested as a possible postulate for predicting the stable morphology for the special case of steady state directional solidification (DS). The principle of MEPR states that, if there are sufficient degrees of freedom within a system, it will adopt a stable state at which the entropy generation (production) rate is maximized. Where feasible, the system will also try and adopt a steady state. The MEPR postulate determines the most probable state and therefore allows pathway selections to occur in an open thermodynamic system. In the context of steady state solidification, pathway selections are reflected in the corresponding morphological selections made by the system in the solid–liquid (mushy) zone in order to cope with the required entropy production. Steady state solidification is feasible at both close to, and far from equilibrium conditions. Based on MEPR, a model is proposed for examining the stability of various morphologies that have been experimentally observed during steady state directional solidification. This model employs a control volume approach for entropy balance, including the entropy generation term (S _gen), which depends on the diffuse zone and average temperature of the solid–liquid region within the control volume. In this manner, the model takes a different approach from the successful kinetic models that have been able to predict key features of stable morphological patterns. Unstable planar interfaces, faceted cellular arrays, cell–dendrite transitions, half cells both faceted and smooth, and other transitions such as the absolute stability transition at high solid/liquid velocities are examined with the model. Uncommon solidification morphological features such as non-crystallographic dendrites and discontinuous cell-tip splitting are also examined with the model. The preferred morphological change-direction for the emergence of the stable morphological feature is inferred with the MEPR postulate in a manner analogous to the free energy minimization principle(s) when used for predicting phase stability and metastable phase formation. Aspects of mixed-mode order transformation characteristics are also discussed for non-equilibrium solidification containing a diffuse interface, in contrast to classifying solidification as purely a first order transformation. The MEPR model predictions are shown to follow the experimental transitions observed to date in several historical studies.     

Controlling gradient phase distributions in a model of active antenna array with locally coupled elements

The regime of synchronization with a certain gradient phase distribution and the possibility of controlling such distribution in a linear array of oscillators coupled by phase-locked loops (PLLs) have been theoretically studied. It is shown that a constant phase progression can be controlled by manipulating collective dynamics, with oscillator eigenfrequencies and coupling coefficients being the control parameters. The proposed principle of control, based on the nonlinear dynamics of PLL-coupled oscillators, can be used in solving the problems of phasing and controlled beam scanning in antenna arrays operating in different frequency bands.     

Morphological aspects of crystallization of chalcogenide glasses obtained by rapid cooling from the liquid state

The results of a study of growth morphology during crystallization of amorphous tellurium alloys are presented in this paper. By comparison with a process of precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution it was shown that a number of common features exist between the crystallization of amorphous materials and that from the liquid phase. It is proposed in the discussion that glass-to-crystal transition is an intermediate transition between the crystallization from the liquid phase and the non-coherent precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. It was also shown that the magnitude of the elastic strain energyn·g _s depends mainly on the differences between the density of amorphous phase and that of the crystal and may be described by means of an equation of the type: {ie281-01}     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of phase coherence in shorted 2D arrays of high-T c Josephson junctions

Phase coherence in shorted 2D Josephson junction arrays shunted by resistive load in presence of disorder and magnetic field are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Using computer simulation it is shown that magnetic field negatively influences radiation properties of such arrays. Similarly to XY-type of 2D arrays maximal spread in junction parameters which allows stable phase-locking state is ±11%. 2D arrays with topology of those investigated theoretically were fabricated using high-T_c superconductor junction technology. The phase-coherence (voltage locking) between rows was observed experimentally.     

Evolution of a Network of Vortex Loops in the Turbulent Superfluid Helium; Derivation of the Vinen Equation

The evolution a network of vortex loops due to the fusion and breakdown in the turbulent superfluid helium is studied. We perform investigation on the base of the “rate equation” for the distribution function n(l) of number of loops in space of their length l. There are two mechanisms for change of quantity n(l). Firstly, the function changes due to deterministic process of mutual friction, when the length grows or decreases depending on orientation. Secondly, the change of n(l) occurs due to random events when the loop crosses itself breaking down into two daughter or two loops collide merging into one larger loop. Accordingly the “rate equation” includes the “collision” term collecting random processes of fusion and breakdown and the deterministic term. Assuming, further, that processes of random colliding are fastest we are in position to study more slow processes related to deterministic term. In this way we study the evolution of full length of vortex loops per unit volume—so-called vortex line density ℒ(t). It is shown this evolution to obey the famous Vinen equation. In conclusion we discuss properties of the Vinen equation from the point of view of the developed approach.     

Degradation of the Thermoelectric Properties of n‐PbTe Films in Atmospheric Oxygen

It has been shown that the behavior of the thermoelectric properties of nPbTe films produced at different condensation temperatures T _c depends on the time of storage in air, which is related to the physical processes responsible for the diffusion of oxygen along the crystallite boundary and on its state prescribed by condensation conditions.     

Emergence of polar order and cooperativity in hydrodynamically coupled model cilia

As a model of ciliary beat, we use two-state oscillators that have a defined direction of oscillation and have strong synchronization properties. By allowing the direction of oscillation to vary according to the interaction with the fluid, with a timescale longer than the timescale of synchronization, we show in simulations that several oscillators can align in a direction set by the geometrical configuration of the system. In this system, the alignment depends on the state of synchronization of the system, and is therefore linked to the beat pattern of the model cilia. By testing various configurations from two to 64 oscillators, we deduce empirically that, when the synchronization state of neighbouring oscillators is in phase, the angles of the oscillators align in a configuration of high hydrodynamic coupling. In arrays of oscillators that break the planar symmetry, a global direction of alignment emerges reflecting this polarity. In symmetric configurations, where several directions are geometrically equivalent, the array still displays strong internal cooperative behaviour. It also appears that the shape of the array is more important than the lattice type and orientation in determining the preferred direction.     

State of Polarization in Open- and Closed-loop Helices of Single-mode Fibres

Abstract

The state of polarization in helically wound single-mode fibres is described in terms of coupled-mode equations and the Mueller matrix for an elliptically birefringent single-mode fibre in the quasi-monochromatic case. Possible depolarization has been accounted for by means of the mutual correlation function |γ| between eigenpolarization modes. The polarization state in closed-loop fibre-optic helices has been studied experimentally under single- and dual-mode operation. It has been shown that the closed-loop set-up can be used for the development of compact fibre-optic sensors.     

Electron microscopy of metastable phases in rapidly solidified Al-Co alloys

Four binary Al-Co alloys containing 2·4, 14, 20 and 25 at.% Co and a ternary Al-Co-Si alloy with 20 at.% Co and 5 at.% Si were rapidly solidified from the liquid state by melt spinning. It has been shown that the solid solubility of Co in Al can be increased up to at least 1·7at.% from the negligible value under equilibrium conditions. Two metastable crystalline intermediate phases and a D1 _a -type ordered phase were observed in localized regions in the rapidly solidified Al-2·4at.%Co alloy. A quasicrystalline decagonal phase has been observed in all the other rapidly solidified alloys. This decagonal phase was shown to contain dislocations, dislocation loops and also twin-like defects. The phenomenon of polytypism was also observed in this decagonal quasicrystalline phase. In extremely thin areas of the Al-14at.% Co alloy ribbons on amorphous phase was detected. Transmission electron microscopy was used to extensively characterize the phases in the as-solidified condition and also those produced during and after transformation to the equilibrium constitution. Work carried out when both the authors were in the Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India     

A closed form solution for the G/M/r machine interference model

This paper solves the machine interference problem in which N different machines are looked after by a team of r operatives. The run time of each machine is assumed to have a general distribution, different for each machine and the repair times are assumed to have a negative exponential distribution with different means for the different machines. An explicit expression for the probability that a particular group of machines is found running in the steady state is derived. From this other useful measures for the system can be obtained. It is shown that these depend on the run time distributions only through the means of those distributions.