石墨烯黏胶纤维机织物的功能改性研究

制备同规格的普通黏胶纤维机织物、石墨烯黏胶纤维机织物及不同不锈钢丝质量分数的石墨烯黏胶纤维/不锈钢丝机织物,对比它们的导电、防电磁辐射、防紫外线、抗静电、力学(拉伸、弯曲、耐磨)及透气等性能。结果表明:普通黏胶纤维经石墨烯改进后,所制成的石墨烯黏胶纤维机织物的导电、防电磁辐射、防紫外线、抗静电、力学(拉伸、弯曲、耐磨)等性能都有所改善,其中防紫外线与耐磨性能提高显著,透气性能下降明显;石墨烯黏胶纤维/不锈钢丝机织物的导电、防电磁辐射、防紫外线和抗静电、经向拉伸断裂强力、纬向抗弯刚度、透气性能都优于石墨烯黏胶纤维机织物,纬向拉伸断裂强力、经纬向拉伸断裂伸长率、经向抗弯刚度及耐磨性能不及石墨烯黏胶纤维机织物;随着不锈钢丝质量分数在7.0%~20.0%范围内的增加,石墨烯黏胶纤维/不锈钢丝机织物的导电、防紫外线、抗静电、经向拉伸断裂强力、纬向抗弯刚度及透气性能增强,纬向拉伸断裂强力、经纬向拉伸断裂伸长率、经向抗弯刚度、耐磨性能减小,不锈钢丝质量分数变化对防电磁辐射性能影响较小。当不锈钢丝质量分数为7.0%时,石墨烯黏胶纤维/不锈钢丝机织物的综合性能最佳。     

纬编针织物双向拉伸变形特性及力学性能研究

分别采用棉、涤纶、黏胶纤维与氨纶交织编织3种纬平针织物,并采用X-Y型材料双向电子强力机分别对3种织物进行双向拉伸性能测试。通过不同拉伸方向、不同纵横向拉伸速率比测试,分析纬编针织物在双向拉伸过程中的力学性能。结果表明,在双向等速拉伸时,织物横向和纵向的拉伸断裂性能不一致,3种织物均具有良好的变形特性,在变形率增大时,织物表现出较强的抗破坏能力,适用于运动休闲服装;在双向异速拉伸时,随着纵向拉伸速率的逐渐增加,织物横向的断裂强力和断裂伸长都减小,而线圈纵行方向增加。该研究对针织服装的舒适性设计具有一定的参考价值。     

黄麻纤维混纺纱交织物力学性能分析

探讨棉与黄麻棉混纺纱交织物的拉伸性能、顶破强力、耐磨性能,并与棉与亚麻棉混纺纱交织物进行对比。选取了1种亚麻棉混纺纱、5种不同混纺比的黄麻棉混纺纱与棉纱交织成6种试样,测试、分析、对比了其纬向断裂强力、纬向断裂伸长率、顶破强力、织物失重率。结果表明,同混纺比的黄麻棉混纺交织物与亚麻棉混纺交织物相比,其拉伸强力和顶破强力小,但其耐磨性能却较好;黄麻纤维含量的增加使交织物的拉伸强力和顶破强力下降。     

衬衫面料物理性能分析及研究

选用了高支高密衬衫面料常用的四种原料,并对其断裂强力、折皱回复性、撕破强力等性能进行测试。首先对高支高密的纯棉面料、不同混纺比涤/棉衬衫面料及天丝/棉衬衫面料的物理性能进行分析。在多数情况下,随着经向紧度的增大纬向紧度的减少,经向强力比纬向强力大很多。对于不同原料的织物,涤纶质量分数为40%的织物总体断裂强力较大,天丝/棉混纺织物的断裂强力与纯棉的差异不大。涤/棉(20∶80)混纺织物的断裂强力较为均匀,相互差异也比较小,涤/棉比例为(20∶80)混纺织物的回复性最好。三种原料织物的撕破强力大小比较接近,且在大多数情况下,由于织物的经密大于纬密,织物被撕裂时经纱受力根数多于纬纱受力根数,织物的撕破强力是经向大于纬向。     

形状记忆整理织物的微拉伸增强探析

采用拉伸停顿和循环拉伸2种微拉伸的方式,提高棉织物在形状记忆整理前后的纬向断裂强力。研究发现：在一定的伸长率下对织物进行拉伸停顿或循环拉伸,可提高断裂强力;伸长率越大,达到最大断裂强力时的拉伸停顿时间越短,拉伸循环次数越少。采用二因子五水平正交试验的方法对织物进行拉伸停顿强力试验,分析拉伸参数与增强效果。研究结果表明：未整理织物在4%伸长率下保持3 min后,断裂强力最高,提高了31.9%; 整理织物在4%伸长率下保持2min后,断裂强力最高,提高了42.1%。     

广角布的拉伸性能研究

研究广角布的拉伸性能。以相同经纬纱和经纬密的广角布和普通平纹织物为例,测试了广角布经向、纬向、经纬向交织角60°和120°对角线方向的拉伸性能,并与普通平纹织物的经向、纬向和经纬向交织角90°对角线方向的拉伸性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:与普通平纹织物相比,广角布在受到沿经纱方向的载荷时,织物的断裂强力大而断裂伸长率小;在受到沿纬纱方向的载荷时,广角布的断裂强力和断裂伸长率均较大。认为:广角布的力学性能优于普通平纹织物,应用前景广阔。     

竹浆纤维含量及纬密对棉/竹浆纤维交织物力学性能的影响

对15种不同规格的棉与棉/竹浆纤维交织物面料的拉伸断裂强度、断裂伸长率、撕破强度、磨损牢度等力学性能进行测试比较,研究竹浆纤维含量及纬密对其力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着竹浆纤维含量增加,织物的经纬向拉伸断裂强力之和下降,纬向断裂伸长率上升,经向断裂伸长率先上升而后下降再上升;纬向撕破强力先下降而后上升,经向撕破强力变化不大;织物的质量减少率快速增加,织物磨损牢度变差,竹浆纤维含量为30%时,织物的磨损牢度最好;竹浆纤维含量达到70%时,交织物的断裂伸长率、撕破强力、摩损牢度均为最低,在实际生产应用中应尽量避免选用。当经密保持不变,纬密增加时,织物的断裂强力增加,断裂伸长率逐渐增大,撕破强力减小,耐磨性能提高。     

天然纤维纬编双轴向织物力学及透气性能研究

为了改善纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物原材料废弃后难降解的问题,采用天然棉纤维作为衬经纱、衬纬纱,涤纶低弹丝作为捆绑纱织造纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物,并对织物的机械力学性能和透气舒适性进行测试。结果表明:采用棉纤维织造的纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物拉伸断裂强力较高,纵向拉伸断裂强力明显高于横向,除纵向棉纱含量稍高于横向外,1+1罗纹捆绑纱也起了重要作用;轴向拉伸断裂强力优于斜向拉伸断裂强力,主要因为拉伸断裂机理的变化。此外,通过对织物压缩、弯曲性能测试,表明织物具有良好的压缩回弹性及弯曲性能,织物透气量可达800 mm/s,具有良好的透气舒适性。     

提高纯涤帐篷布纬向强力的工艺实践

探讨提高纯涤帐篷布纬向强力的方法.通过测试在剑杆织机、喷气织机、有梭织机上织制的同一织物品种的纬向强力差异,分析了在不同织机上织制同一品种时进纬侧和出纬侧纬线断裂强度及断裂伸长率,认为在织造帐篷布时进纬侧和出纬侧纬线断裂强度无差异,强力利用系数对纯涤帐篷布纬向强力影响较大,减小经纬织缩率可以提高强力利用系数,从而提高织物的纬向强力.     

捆绑组织对三维正交机织复合材料拉伸性能的影响

以高强涤纶纱为原料,借助自主改造的二维小样机织造三种捆绑组织(平纹、斜纹和缎纹)的三维正交机织物,再采用真空辅助树脂传递模型工艺制作三维正交机织复合材料。重点研究三种不同的捆绑组织对三维正交机织复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:三维正交机织复合材料沿经向拉伸时断裂表面较平整,沿纬向拉伸时断裂处形状不规则;捆绑组织为缎纹的三维正交机织复合材料的拉伸性能整体最好,捆绑组织为平纹的三维正交机织复合材料拉伸性能整体最差;三种捆绑组织的三维正交机织复合材料纬向拉伸断裂强度大于经向拉伸断裂强度。     

仿针织牛仔面料的开发及性能评价

为获得兼具针织和机织牛仔面料优点的新型牛仔面料,从纱线的选择、织造、后整理等方面探讨了仿针织牛仔面料的开发。对比测试了仿针织牛仔面料、针织牛仔面料、纯棉机织牛仔面料等5 种面料的拉伸断裂强力、撕破强力、色牢度等指标,并利用川端织物风格评价系统对牛仔面料的拉伸、剪切、弯曲、压缩、表面摩擦5 项指标进 行织物风格综合分析。结果表明,采用精梳纯棉纱作为经纱,涤纶长丝氨纶包芯纱作为纬纱,选择复合右斜纹组织,经特殊后整理工艺后生产的仿针织牛仔面料经向拉伸断裂强力高达685 N,撕破强力达59 N,粗犷挺括,柔软舒适,弹性和保型性俱佳,克服了针织牛仔面料和机织牛仔面料的风格缺陷。     

变细度细特纯棉色织双面小提花面料的开发

通过对双面小提花面料的织物组织设计,采用不同粗细的经、纬纱进行织造,并改变纬纱密度和采用不同的色彩搭配,使织物呈现出立体方格和特殊的双面效应,对浆纱工艺和织造工艺进行优选,经纱采用双织轴喂入,克服了由于复杂的织物设计带来的织造难度,成功开发出了纯棉细特高密色织双面小提花面料。     

Warp and weft directional tensile properties of multistitched biaxial woven E-glass/polyester composites

The objective of this research work was to understand the warp and weft directional tensile properties of the two-dimensional multistitched multilayer E-glass/polyester woven composites. The warp and weft directional specific tensile strength and modulus of unstitched structure were higher than those of multistitched structures as stitching caused minor warp and weft yarn filament breakages. Contrarily, the specific tensile strains of unstitched structure were slightly lower than those of all multistitched structures. The stitching yarn type, the number of stitching directions, and the stitching density generally influenced the warp and weft directional tensile properties of multistitched E-glass/polyester woven composites. The failure of warp and weft directional multistitched woven E-glass/polyester composite structures was matrix breakages, and partial and complete yarn breakages in their surfaces. They had a local delamination in their cross-sections and the delamination did not propagate to the large areas due to multidirectional stitching. Also, the failure was confined at a narrow area and resulted in the catastrophic fiber breakages. The warp and weft directional specific damaged areas of multistitched structures, in particular four-directional stitching, were significantly lower than those of the unstitched structures. This indicated that the multistitching made the structures better damage-tolerance materials.     

纬纱接结的三维正交机织物结构

为了研究正交机织物的实际结构,采用玻璃纤维在剑杆织机上织制了纬纱接结的6层经纱5层纬纱的正交机织物,然后利用VARI工艺与聚酯树脂复合,制成了复合材料板材试样,并在显微镜下观测纱线的形状。研究发现:三维正交机织物的经、纬纱基本呈直线状态,接结纬纱是曲线与直线组合的形状,且形状与在织物中的位置有关,越靠近织物中央,接结纬纱的直线部分越短;接结纬纱使其限定的经纱产生聚集现象,在复合材料中产生贫富树脂区,接结纬纱形状的变化也使织物的结构不均匀。对织造过程的分析表明,造成接结纬纱形状变化的原因是织物形成过程中接结纬纱的滑动,从织物边部到中央,接结纬纱的滑动阻力逐渐增大,接结纬纱的张力也逐渐增大。     

球形天线球面材料的力学性能研究

为研究球形天线球面材料所需具备的力学性能,在标准试验室环境中对TPU涂层高强涤纶机织布进行单向拉伸、抗撕裂及顶破等力学性能测试,并测试2种拼接方式对球形天线球面材料单向拉伸性能的影响,以及TPU涂层高强涤纶机织布经质量分数皆为20%的盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液腐蚀后的单向拉伸性能。结果表明:TPU涂层高强涤纶机织布经向拉伸断裂强力大于纬向;曲面拼接的球形天线球面材料的拉伸断裂强力大于平面拼接的球形天线球面材料;TPU涂层高强涤纶机织布耐碱蚀性能优于耐酸蚀性能。     

45°斜交布的开发与性能测试

通过将管状织物沿管子纵向按45°螺旋线裁剪后展开,获得了一种新型结构的机织物,其经纱和纬纱相互垂直,但经纱和布边呈45°夹角.采用剪切条样法测试,相同织物规格45°斜交布的断裂强力是常规机织物的30％～50％,断裂伸长率是常规机织物的2.5 ～4.0倍.管状织物的折痕对45°斜交布的拉伸断裂性能基本没有影响.     

The mechanical performance of plain and plain derivative woven fabrics reinforced composites: tensile and impact properties

In this work, the mechanical performance of the plain and plain derivative woven fabric reinforced composites, were investigated. Tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at break and poison ratio values of the composites were found by tensile tests. In addition, drop-weight impact tests were performed at several impact energies: 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 J in order to characterize the impact resistance, and damage mechanisms of the composite plates. The results reveal that the weaving pattern affects the tensile properties and the impact behaviour of the composites. It is observed that 2/2 matt woven fabric reinforced composite showed the best performance in tensile tests along warp direction; whereas, 2/2 warp rib woven fabric reinforced composite showed the best performance during tensile tests in weft direction. It is also observed that 3/1 matt woven fabric reinforced composite absorbs more energy for perforation than the others.     

棉/单芯涤纶长丝包芯纱织物的力学性能研究

文章对棉/单芯涤纶长丝包芯纱织物的力学性能指标进行了测试分析与比较,其断裂强度和撕裂强度均高于同规格纯棉环锭纱织物,经向的拉伸强度和撕裂强度比纬向的要大,而顶破性能则比纯棉环锭纱织物差。     

Elastic Recovery and Performance of Denim Fabric Prepared by Cotton/Lycra Core Spun Yarns

ABSTRACT

Elastic performance coefficient (EPC) and recovery behavior of denim fabrics prepared with cotton/lycra core spun stretch yarns have been presented in this article. The denim fabrics are woven as broken twill weaves in an air-jet weaving machine by the insertion of core spun yarns (lycra filament in core, cotton fiber on sheath) as weft and using 100% cotton yarns as warp. The effect of linear density and stretch percentage of the core spun weft yarns on tensile and recovery behavior of denim fabric have been investigated by employing full factorial design of experiments. It has been observed that the tensile strength and EPC of fabric increase with decrease in linear density and stretch percentage of the core spun stretch yarn. The immediate elastic recovery and delayed elastic recovery increase with decrease in linear density and stretch percentage of the yarns.     

Mechanical properties improvement of silane addition epoxy/3D orthogonal woven composite material

In this study, the influence of silane addition on mechanical properties of epoxy/3D orthogonal glass fiber woven composite was studied. The KH560 silane modification composite specimen reinforced with 3D orthogonal woven fabric/epoxy was manufactured by means of Resin Infusion under Flexible Tooling. The mechanical properties of the epoxy/3D glass fiber woven composites were characterized by tensile and bending tests. The tensile and bending properties of silane-modified 3D orthogonal woven glass composite in warp and weft directions were compared with the pristine or epoxy/glass composite material not coupled using silane. The results show that the tensile and bending properties in warp and weft directions have been improved due to the silane addition. The bonding strength between the fiber and matrix was improved and the delamination and debonding between fiber and matrix was retarded and shifted to cohesive failure of the matrix due to the silane modification. Electron microscopy of the fracture and failure modes of the test specimens were used to support the results and conclusions.