基于分形理论的CFRP布增强混凝土梁抗弯性能研究

在实验室模拟酸雨腐蚀环境,完成了普通混凝土梁与CFRP布增强混凝土梁的抗弯试验,得到了各级荷载作用下构件表面裂缝的分布与演化过程,验证了受腐蚀CFRP布增强混凝土梁表面裂缝分布的分形特征。基于分形理论分析了受腐蚀混凝土梁在弯曲荷载作用下的开裂及破坏过程,详细讨论了梁表面裂缝的分形维数与其抗弯性能参数(损伤深度、混凝土强度、一阶频率、极限承载力、跨中挠度、位移延性系数)之间的关系。研究表明裂缝分形维数随着损伤深度的增加而减小,CFRP布增强混凝土梁的分形维数大于普通混凝土梁,其分形维数变化率与构件承载力变化率之间存在线性关系;因此梁表面裂缝分布的分形特征可作为CFRP布增强混凝土受弯构件损伤程度的衡量指标的观点,可为今后对“在役混凝土结构承载力和寿命预测的研究”提供参考。     

钢纤维混凝土梁压、弯组合作用下的承载力分析

钢纤维混凝土开裂后.钢纤维能在开裂面上提供一定的拉应力.这类似钢筋混凝土中受拉钢筋的作用.与钢筋混凝土不同,钢纤维混凝土开裂面上的拉应力随裂缝宽度的增加而逐渐降低.本文通过四点弯曲试验得到钢纤维混凝土梁开裂截面上钢纤维拉应力与裂缝宽度曲线,然后以此为基础对轴力、弯矩组合作用下的钢纤维混凝土梁的承载能力进行分析,得到钢纤维混凝土梁在轴力和裂缝宽度作用下的抗弯承载力计算公式.最后用得到的计算公式做出钢纤维混凝土梁在极限承载状态下的N-M相关曲线.计算分析表明,钢纤维混凝土梁开裂后,开裂面上的应力重分布会使截面的抗弯力臂增大.从而提高截面的抗弯承载力.并且开裂截面的抗弯能力也随轴压力的增大而有明显提高.这就从理论上解释了受压钢纤维梁开裂后的抗弯承载力不但没有降低,反而有所提高的现象.     

预应力钢绞线锈胀及混凝土开裂预测

针对钢绞线锈蚀导致混凝土开裂现象,开展了不同应力状态下混凝土的锈胀开裂试验,基于红外和热重分析研究了预应力钢绞线锈蚀产物的膨胀率,分析了预应力对保护层临界开裂时间和裂缝宽度的影响,综合考虑预应力、铁锈膨胀率和混凝土开裂损伤等因素,建立了开裂初始和发展全过程的锈胀裂缝预测模型,并通过试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:预应力会加速混凝土的锈胀开裂,在钢绞线抗拉强度75%的预应力水平下,保护层初始开裂时间降低了22%,裂缝扩展速率增加了9%;建立的模型具有较好的精度,可以合理地预测预应力混凝土的锈胀开裂。     

高强钢绞线网增强ECC抗弯加固无损RC梁试验

为研究高强钢绞线网增强工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composites,ECC)加固钢筋混凝土(Reinforced concrete,RC)梁的受弯性能,考虑钢绞线直径、纵向钢绞线配筋率、ECC配方及端部锚固4个影响因素,对7个加固无损RC梁试件进行受弯试验。结果表明,在采用合理加固层端部锚固措施的情况下,通过高强钢绞线网增强ECC抗弯加固RC梁可显著提升其受弯承载力、延性、抗裂性,有效约束原RC梁的裂缝发展并减小裂缝宽度;纵向高强钢绞线配筋率的增大会提高加固梁的受弯开裂荷载、承载力、控裂能力、刚度,但试件配置过量的纵向高强钢绞线会降低加固梁的延性、韧性;在纵向高强钢绞线配筋率接近的情况下,采用直径较大的高强钢绞线,会在一定程度上降低加固梁的延性、韧性、控裂能力;加固梁的受弯开裂荷载、承载力、刚度随着ECC的弹性模量及抗拉强度的提高而增大;加固梁的控裂能力、延性、韧性随ECC极限拉应变提高而增大。     

预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁是融合了超高强混凝土材料、钢结构和预应力技术所形成的一种新型组合构件。为了研究预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁的抗弯性能,进行了14根预应力型钢超高强混凝土简支梁在竖向静力荷载作用下的受弯性能试验,分析了试件受力过程、破坏形态、裂缝开展与分布规律等相关试验数据。结果表明:超高强混凝土脆性破坏显著,导致预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁极限状态后承载力骤降,但内置型钢有效提高了试验梁极限状态后的持载能力;预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁以普通受拉纵筋屈服作为试验梁进入屈服阶段的标志,以受压区混凝土崩裂作为试验梁达到极限状态的标志;荷载达到0.9t up之前,试验梁跨中控制截面基本符合平截面假定。在不考虑型钢与混凝土粘结滑移的基础上,采用ANSYS有限元程序对预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁进行数值模拟计算,试验梁开裂荷载、屈服荷载以及极限荷载的计算值与试验值吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性。     

模拟酸沉降环境混凝土梁承载性能研究

酸雨环境下钢筋混凝土梁力学性能的变化规律是揭示整个结构承载力和耐久性的前提和基础。参考我国典型城市酸雨的化学组成,分别配置PH1.5与PH2.5的硫酸、硝酸混合溶液来模拟不同酸度的酸雨;自行设计制作了人工降雨器模拟降雨;浇筑了11根120mm×200mm×1900mm的钢筋混凝土梁。分别采用完全浸泡、干湿交替、人工降雨等加速腐蚀试验方法,对10根钢筋混凝土梁进行加速腐蚀。对不同浓度溶液下经历不同腐蚀时间的钢筋混凝土梁,分别利用超声方法测试了混凝土损伤厚度和抗压强度,利用动力试验方法评价混凝土梁的整体特性,并对梁的抗弯性能进行了抗弯实验研究。得到了不同侵蚀状态混凝土梁混凝土损伤厚度、构件刚度、构件开裂荷载、极限承载等力学性能;对比分析了不同加速腐蚀条件下混凝土梁抗弯性能的退化规律,得到了混凝土强度、构件频率以及抗弯强度与混凝土梁损伤程度之间的定量关系。研究结果表明:人工降雨与干湿交替两种方法对混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响基本相似,较浸泡方法变化得到的混凝土梁抗弯性能的退化性能更为显著。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁动态抗弯性能细观数值研究EI北大核心CSCD

为研究锈蚀对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁动态力学性能的影响,考虑钢筋锈蚀和应变率效应及混凝土内部结构的非均质性,建立锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁两阶段三维细观尺度数值模型。钢筋的非均匀锈蚀膨胀以施加非均匀径向位移的方式模拟,并以保护层开裂“最终状态”作为之后混凝土梁动载模拟的“初始输入条件”,获得锈蚀后的动态力学行为。在验证了数值模型合理性的基础上,分析了钢筋锈蚀引起的保护层锈胀开裂行为及不同应变率下构件力学性能的变化。结果表明:钢筋锈蚀使混凝土梁产生了明显的纵向裂缝,梁的承载力随钢筋锈蚀率增加而降低;高应变率下,混凝土梁发生冲切破坏,梁的承载力显著提高;锈蚀混凝土梁承载力损失与锈蚀后梁频率降低系数(反映刚度损失)近似呈线性规律,且低应变率下的承载力对频率变化更加敏感。最后,基于模拟结果回归分析,发展建立了考虑锈蚀及应变率耦合影响的混凝土梁动态抗弯承载力预测公式。     

危旧预应力混凝土箱梁承载性能足尺试验

为获得危旧混凝土桥梁的真实承载性能,通过对足尺危旧预应力混凝土小箱梁进行抗弯和抗剪承载性能试验,研究危旧预应力混凝土小箱梁受力退化行为。通过足尺危旧预制箱梁残余承载能力试验,量测分析了试验梁的荷载、挠度、应变、裂缝宽度等,对危旧小箱梁的残余抗弯、抗剪极限承载能力及刚度进行了分析,得出危旧预制箱梁抗弯、抗剪受力性能及破坏机理。将足尺试验结果与承载力计算值以及公路—I级设计内力值进行比较,分析危旧混凝土小箱梁的实际承载性能。引入损伤折减系数,建立危旧混凝土箱梁极限承载力计算公式。试验结果表明:结构损伤降低了箱梁的承载性能,试验梁在未开裂阶段的挠度不满足公路桥规对活载刚度的验算要求,抗弯足尺试验得到的抗弯承载力与抗弯承载力计算结果基本相同,比主梁设计内力弯矩值高70%;抗剪足尺试验结果比主梁设计内力剪力值分别高32%和37%;引入损伤折减系数后的抗弯、抗剪承载力计算公式可以较准确的评估危旧混凝土小箱梁的承载能力,可为我国大量现役混凝土小箱梁的评估与维护提供参考。     

高强钢绞线网——聚合物砂浆加固混凝土及预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究

该文侧重研究了采用高强钢绞线网——聚合物砂浆加固技术三面加固普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁和预应力混凝土(PRC)梁的抗弯性能.进行了6 片RC 梁及5 片PRC 梁的抗弯静载试验,探讨了不同初始损伤程度、有效预应力大小和加载方式等对高强钢绞线网——渗透性聚合物砂浆加固梁的抗弯性能影响.结果表明:采用高强钢绞线网——聚合物砂浆加固技术加固RC/PRC梁能够有效抑制裂缝的开展,能有效地提高RC/PRC 加固梁的抗弯承载能力和抗弯刚度;重复加载会导致加固梁刚度一定程度的退化,初始损伤程度大小不会显著改变加固后RC/PRC梁的抗弯承载力;该文研究对于大量既有RC/PRC梁的抗弯加固具有一定的参考价值.     

锈蚀预应力混凝土梁承载力及破坏模式研究

随着服役时间增长,侵蚀环境下预应力混凝土梁因受力筋发生锈蚀而造成其延性与承载力降低,严重影响结构的安全使用。为分析侵蚀环境下预应力混凝土梁的承载性能,以集中荷载作用下锈蚀预应力混凝土梁为研究对象,分析混凝土梁锈蚀后各材料性能的劣化与预应力对其承载能力的影响,基于桁架-拱模型给出了桁架作用与拱作用的荷载分配系数,建立了预应力混凝土梁承载力计算模型及破坏模式判别方法,并通过76根预应力混凝土梁的试验数据对建议模型进行验证。研究结果表明:预应力混凝土梁承载力试验值与计算值之比的平均值为1.116,方差为0.033,吻合较好;基于建议分析模型对预应力混凝土梁破坏模式的预测判别与试验梁破坏模式符合程度较高,且该模型能反映预应力混凝土梁随着锈蚀程度增大其破坏模式发生演变这一特征。该文建议的理论模型可用于锈蚀预应力混凝土梁的承载力计算与破坏模式预测分析。     

Flexural behavior of plain concrete beams strengthened with ultra high toughness cementitious composites layer

Ultra high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC), which has metal-like deformation and crack width restricting ability, is expected to be utilized as retrofit materials. For this application, much attention needs to be paid to the working performance of structure members composed of UHTCC and existing concrete. This paper presents an investigation on the flexural behavior of plain concrete beams strengthened with UHTCC layer in tension face. The effect of UHTCC layer thicknesses on first crack load, ultimate flexural load, crack width, and load–deflection relationship is examined. The experimental results indicate that the use of UHTCC layer significantly increases the first crack load and ultimate flexural load. The first crack load and ultimate flexural load of composites beams increased with the increase of the UHTCC layer thickness. Considerable reduction in crack width was observed for composite specimens, as UHTCC layer restricted the cracks in upper concrete and dispersed them into multiple fine cracks effectively. Moreover, in comparison to plain concrete beam, composite beams could sustain the loading at a larger deflection without failure. Based on the plane section assumption, etc., a calculation method to predict the flexural capacity of composite beam was proposed. Good agreement between predictions and experiments had been obtained.     

Failure modes and serviceability of high strength self compacting concrete deep beams

The behaviour of deep beams is significantly different from shallow beams. In deep beams, the plane section does not remain plane after deformation. The main purpose of this study is to facilitate the prediction of deep beam failure related to tensile bar and web reinforcement percentage variations. Six high strength self compacting concrete (HSSCC) deep beams were tested until failure. Strains were measured on concrete surface along mid span, tensile bar and compression strut trajectory. The load was incrementally applied and at each load increment new cracks, their widths and propagation were monitored. The results clearly show that, at ultimate limit condition, the strain distribution on concrete surface along mid-span is no longer parabolic. In deep beams several neutral axes were obtained before ultimate failure is reached. As the load increases, the number of neutral axis decreases and at failure load it reduces to one. The failure of deep beams with longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement less than that suggested by ACI codes is flexural and is accompanied by large deflections without any inclined cracks. As the longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement increases, the failure due to crushing of concrete at nodal zones was clearly observed. The first flexural crack at mid-span region was always vertical. It appeared at 25–42% of peak load. The crack length was in the range of 0.24–0.6 times the height of section. As the tensile bar percentage increases number of cracks increases with reduced crack length and crack width. The appearance of first inclined crack in compression strut trajectory is independent of tensile and web bar percentage variations.     

Mechanical behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams—Part 1: Experimental study of corroded beams

Steel corrosion in reinforced concrete leads to crack occurrence along the reinforcement (secondary cracks), to a reduction in bond strength and a reduction in steel cross section. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of these deteriorations on the global behaviour of reinforced concrete structural elements in their service and ultimate states. Mechanical experimentation was carried out on fourteen-year-old reinforced concrete beams, on two control elements and two corroded beams. A comparative analysis of the results obtained on the beams showed that concrete cracking in the compressive area had no significant influence on the behaviour in service of the corroded elements. However, significant modifications of service behaviour were observed, due to the degradations in the tensile zone, namely: loss of bending stiffness, dissymmetrical behaviour. Finally, the measure of the residual steel cross-section of the corroded re-bars showed that the loss of bending stiffnes due to steel corrosion cannot be merely explained in terms of steel cross-section reduction. Concerning the ultimate behaviour, the loss of steel cross-section is the main parameter which leads to a reduction of bearing capacity and ductility. Another part will explain the separate and coupling effects of bond strength and steel cross-section loss on the mechanical behaviour of corroded beams.     

锚贴钢板加固RC锈蚀梁承载力计算方法与试验研究

基于桁架理论模型,定量考虑锈蚀钢筋力学性能、加固钢板厚度、粘胶层粘结强度、保护层厚度对承载力的影响,建立了RC梁锈蚀锚贴加固后极限承载力的计算公式。通过对9片锚贴钢板加固锈蚀梁、3片锈蚀梁以及3片不锈蚀加固梁的试验研究,验证了理论模型的正确性。试验研究和公式计算表明在锈蚀率接近和保护层厚度相同的情况下,钢板厚度每提高1mm,承载力大小提高15kN~20kN,在锈蚀率大小不同的情况下,锈蚀率增加2%~3%,承载力降低大约10kN。     

Mechanical behaviour of corroded RC beams strengthened by NSM CFRP rods

Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete leads to several major defects. Firstly, a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement and in its ductility results in premature bar failure. Secondly, the expansion of the corrosion products causes concrete cracking and steel–concrete bond deterioration and also affects the bending stiffness of the reinforced concrete members, causing a reduction in the overall load-bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete beams. This paper investigates the validity of a repair technique using Near Surface Mounted (NSM) carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods to restore the mechanical performance of corrosion-damaged RC beams. In the NSM technique, the CFRP rods are placed inside pre-cut grooves and are bonded to the concrete with epoxy adhesive.Experimental results were obtained on two beams: a corroded beam that had been exposed to natural corrosion for 25 years and a control beam, (both are 3 m long) repaired in bending only. Each beam was repaired with one 6-mm-diameter NSM CFRP rod. The beams were tested in a three-point bending test up to failure. Overall stiffness and crack maps were studied before and after the repair. Ultimate capacity, ductility and failure mode were also reviewed. Finally some comparisons were made between repaired and non-repaired beams in order to assess the effectiveness of the NSM technique. The experimental results showed that the NSM technique improved the overall characteristics (ultimate load capacity and stiffness) of the control and corroded beams and allowed sufficient ductility to be restored to the repaired corroded elements, thus restoring the safety margin, despite the non-classical mode of failure that occurred in the corroded beam, with the separation of the concrete cover due to corrosion products.     

A finite element assessment of flexural strength of prestressed concrete beams with fiber reinforcement

This paper presents an assessment of the flexural behavior of 15 fully/partially prestressed high strength concrete beams containing steel fibers investigated using three-dimensional nonlinear finite elemental analysis. The experimental results consisted of eight fully and seven partially prestressed beams, which were designed to be flexure dominant in the absence of fibers. The main parameters varied in the tests were: the levels of prestressing force (i.e, in partially prestressed beams 50% of the prestress was reduced with the introduction of two high strength deformed bars instead), fiber volume fractions (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%), fiber location (full depth and partial depth over full length and half the depth over the shear span only). A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS 5.5 [Theory Reference Manual. In: Kohnke P, editor. Elements Reference Manual. 8th ed. September 1998] general purpose finite element software to study the flexural behavior of both fully and partially prestressed fiber reinforced concrete beams. Influence of fibers on the concrete failure surface and stress–strain response of high strength concrete and the nonlinear stress–strain curves of prestressing wire and deformed bar were considered in the present analysis. In the finite element model, tension stiffening and bond slip between concrete and reinforcement (fibers, prestressing wire, and conventional reinforcing steel bar) have also been considered explicitly. The fraction of the entire volume of the fiber present along the longitudinal axis of the prestressed beams alone has been modeled explicitly as it is expected that these fibers would contribute to the mobilization of forces required to sustain the applied loads across the crack interfaces through their bridging action. A comparison of results from both tests and analysis on all 15 specimens confirm that, inclusion of fibers over a partial depth in the tensile side of the prestressed flexural structural members was economical and led to considerable cost saving without sacrificing on the desired performance. However, beams having fibers over half the depth in only the shear span, did not show any increase in the ultimate load or deformational characteristics when compared to plain concrete beams.     

U型箍加固锈蚀RC梁的抗弯性能试验研究及数值分析

为研究U型箍加固和二次锈蚀对锈蚀RC梁力学性能的影响,该文通过设计7片试验梁,分析构件的应变规律、变形特征、破坏机理等,并采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了数值模拟,探讨U型箍加固厚度与加固位置对加固梁性能的影响。结果表明,试验梁跨中截面应变满足平截面假定,中和轴高度大致符合这个规律:锈蚀梁以及锈蚀加固再锈蚀梁的中和轴高度均要大于加固锈蚀梁的高度;荷载增大到一定时,U型箍的锚固作用开始发挥作用;加载中后期,同侧三片U型箍分担的剪力存在不均匀性;腐蚀不均匀导致两端的U型箍应变增长规律有差异;加固梁、加固锈蚀梁的裂缝更稀疏,裂缝趋向于跨中区域分布,斜裂缝逐渐变得不明显; U型箍加固梁的开裂荷载与极限荷载有所提高,塑性特征更为明显,主要呈现为弯剪破坏;二次锈蚀和不均匀性会改变构件变形发展,影响梁的破坏形态。数值模拟的极限荷载、极限荷载对应的挠度以及能量吸收值与试验结果的误差分别在4.22%、9.7%、9.9%范围以内,设置3 mm的加固厚度对提高承载力较为适宜,U型箍布置在梁端位置可更好地提高构件的强度和刚度。