西安市典型污水厂污泥泥质分析及污泥处置方式研究

西安市近几年水污染综合整治力度不断增大,但已经建成的主城区9座污水处理厂所产生的污泥均未得到妥善的处置,污泥对环境造成的污染问题引起了社会的普遍关注。通过对西安市现状污水处理设施运行情况的调研,得到了西安市主城区现状污泥产量,并对西安市运行稳定的典型污水处理厂的污泥泥质进行了检测分析,从泥质分析角度得出了典型污水处理厂适宜采用的污泥处置方式,同时提出了西安市污泥处理处置设施的建设需综合考虑产泥量、污水厂的分布、污泥泥质及市场消纳量等多种因素。     

气压板框式污泥处理系统的应用研究

介绍了气压板框式污泥处理系统在丹东热了仪表有限公司的应用及取得的实际效果.气压式污泥处理系统具有故障率低、能耗低、效率高、操作管理方便等特点,有较好的实用性和经济性.     

城市污水厂污泥离心脱水模拟试验研究

本文根据污泥脱水的基本原理,找出描述离心脱水的两个重要运行参数,分离因素(z)和离心时间(t),确定压实性指标为z~(1.5)t,并建立了此指标与离心后污泥饼浓度之间的关系式s=c十alogz~(1.5)t。用它可预测原型离心机可能达到的污泥饼浓度和合理选择原型离心机以及评价污泥离心脱水性能。试验还表明,离心机与其它脱水机种相比可少投加调理剂进行脱水工序。     

污泥热水解技术的发展及应用

总结了热水解技术在污泥处理中的工业应用和研究现状。热水解技术在20世纪30年代开始用于改善污泥脱水性能，70年代末开始用来提高污泥厌氧消化性能，90年代起用于获取反硝化碳源和活性污泥工艺中的污泥减量研究。通过分析热水解发展历程，指出在发展污泥末端治理技术的同时应注重污泥的首端减量控制技术。     

石灰在污泥调治中的应用及作用机理研究

本文阐述了以污泥脱水前的化学调治作为预处理方法所进行的一项实验室研究。研究结果表明,阴离子聚丙烯酰胺——石灰法是一种有效的污泥调治方法;石灰在污泥调治中的主要作用是在pH>12的条件下提供大量的Ca(OH)_2絮体物,从而使污泥颗粒发生凝聚作用;在阴离子聚丙烯酰胺—石灰法和铁盐—石灰法中,石灰的作用是将带负电荷的絮凝剂和污泥颗粒吸附在一起,形成一种复合絮凝体。     

污泥水热技术研究及应用进展

随着污水处理量的增加,污泥产量也在不断增加,如何安全、稳定和经济地处理处置已是紧迫的问题。经过机械脱水后的污泥含水率仍在75%以上,含水率较高仍不能满足后续的处置要求。污泥水热技术是一种低能耗并有效改善污泥脱水性能降低污泥含水率的方法。本文系统分析了国内外的技术研究进展和应用进展,对技术发展趋势进行了展望。     

污泥气循环UASB反应器的启动及循环时间的研究

试验研究了常温条件下污泥气循环UASB反应器对低浓度城市生活污水的处理效率及污泥气循环方式对处理效率的影响.结果表明：在常温条件下,该反应器CODCr容积负荷可达到5.0 kg/（m3·d）,运行稳定、出水清澈,CODCr去除率可达80％以上;同时,研究表明污泥气循环时间对UASB反应器的稳定运行有着重要的影响.     

污泥减量技术的研究及其应用

对当前隐性生长和解偶联生长的两大类污泥减量技术进行了详细介绍。前者包括生物体的生物降解和生物捕食,而后者主要是利用化学解偶联剂影响微生物的新陈代谢。污水好氧处理的污泥减量技术有两点不足;需氧量的增加导致曝气费用的上升,营养物的释放影响出水水质。长期运行产生的生物适应将给解偶联剂的使用带来负面影响。     

LSP＆PNR污泥减量工艺的污泥特性研究

通过研究分析LSP&PNR污泥减量新工艺在不排泥与排泥两种运行条件下的污泥特性和除污效果,结果发现:系统不排泥运行时,COD去除效果逐渐变差,最终导致出水不达标,且污泥活性逐渐降低;当污泥龄控制在50 d时,系统的沉降性能不是特别理想但并无污泥膨胀之忧,且系统中单位体积污泥总耗氧速率T-SOUR较高,均值为66.1 mgO2/(L·h),表明系统污泥整体活性很强.     

污泥处理、处置及资源化技术研究

随着经济的发展、人口的增长,废水的排放量日益增多,污泥产量也随之增加.如何有效地处理和处置这些污泥,作为资源综合利用,满足可持续发展的要求,是我们日益紧迫的任务.介绍了当前我国污泥处理的现状、存在的问题,以及主要的污泥处理技术及其优缺点,提出了资源化利用的方向.     

一种卡式风口的研究及应用

介绍了空调风口的概念及分类,通过对建筑空调风口安装方法的研究,提出了新型卡式风口的安装策略,并作了详细阐述,同时在实际工程中进行了论证和应用探寻,得到了显著的效果。     

Pre-acidification in anaerobic sludge bed process treating brewery wastewater

The effect of pre-acidification on anaerobic granule bed processes treating brewery wastewater was the focus of a comparison study employing two configurations, (a) a single stage upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and (b) an upflow acidification reactor in series with a methanogenic UASB. The pre-acidification reactor achieved 20±4% SCOD removal and 0.08±0.003 L of methane produced per gram of SCOD removal at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.75–4 h. Butyric acid was not detected and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were mainly acetic and propionic acids. The acidification ratio was about 0.42±0.02 g SCFAs as COD/g of influent COD.

Both systems’ critical loading rate to achieve 80% COD removal was established at 34–39 kg COD/m³ of total sludge bed volume per day. SCOD removal efficiency of 90±3% was achieved by both systems at an organic loading rate of 25±1 kg COD/m³ of total sludge bed volume per day, indicating that the installation of an acidification reactor had no effect in terms of the maximum granular activity, biomass granulation and the settleability of granules. At an organic loading rate of 67 kg COD/m³ of total sludge bed volume per day at an HRT of 1 h, the series system outperformed the single UASB by a removal of 62 compared to 57%.     

Effect of settling on performance of the upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors

The effects of settler volume on the start-up and steady-state performance of 41. laboratory upflow sludge bed reactors treating bean blanching waste of 10,000 mg COD l⁻¹ were determined. The rate of start-up, as well as the maximum loading rate, increased with increased settler volume and performance. A loading rate of 30 kg COD m⁻³ day⁻¹ (based on reactor volume alone) and a COD removal of 95% was obtained with a 21. settling flask and a 4 to 1 recirculation rate. Without a settler, the maximum loading rate was 10 kg COD m⁻³ day⁻¹. The sludge was flocculent rather than granular. Sludge profiles and characteristics in the reactors and settlers were determined.     

Long-term changes in sewage sludge stored in a reed bed

The problem of the utilization and management of sewage sludge originating from small wastewater treatment plants is still unsolved. A common approach is to store the sludge in plots which in time turn into grassland. This investigation was aimed at evaluating the influence of the storage time in plots on the chemical properties of sewage sludge deposited there. Tests were carried out on samples obtained from discrete layers of stratified sludge that had lain in a hydrophyte facility disused for 7 years after 23 years of continuous sludge discharge. The age of the sludge was established by the lead-210 method. Moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were measured in samples of dated sewage sludge. The composition of the stored biosolids stabilized with respect to phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter within 11, 15 and 17 years, respectively.     

锚杆静压桩静载试验方法研究

针对锚杆静压桩的施工工艺和施工环境,应用现场施工设备进行改装,形成了锚杆静压桩静载试验装置,并结合某桩基加固工程进行了试验研究,分析了锚杆静压桩静载试验的试验方法及注意事项,以供类似工程参考。     

结构静力弹塑性理论研究论述

在介绍静力弹塑性分析方法的基本原理和实施过程的基础上,阐述了其国内外发展概况和研究应用状况,并通过分析其中几个有代表性的Push-over分析方法,简要评述了它们的优点以及存在的问题,提出了一些合理性的建议,指出了进一步研究发展方向。     

Selenate removal in methanogenic and sulfate-reducing upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors

This paper evaluates the use of upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) bioreactors (30 degrees C, pH=7.0) to remove selenium oxyanions from contaminated waters (790 microg Se L(-1)) under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions using lactate as electron donor. One UASB reactor received sulfate at different sulfate to selenate ratios, while another UASB was operated under methanogenic conditions for 132 days without sulfate in the influent. The selenate effluent concentrations in the sulfate-reducing and methanogenic reactor were 24 and 8 microg Se L(-1), corresponding to removal efficiencies of 97% and 99%, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and sequential extractions showed that selenium was mainly retained as elemental selenium in the biomass. However, the total dissolved selenium effluent concentrations amounted to 73 and 80 microg Se L(-1), respectively, suggesting that selenate was partly converted to another selenium compound, most likely colloidally dispersed Se(0) nanoparticles. Possible intermediates of selenium reduction (selenite, dimethylselenide, dimethyldiselenide, H(2)Se) could not be detected. Sulfate reducers removed selenate at molar excess of sulfate to selenate (up to a factor of 2600) and elevated dissolved sulfide concentrations (up to 168 mg L(-1)), but selenium removal efficiencies were limited by the applied sulfate-loading rate. In the methanogenic bioreactor, selenate and dissolved selenium removal were independent of the sulfate load, but inhibited by sulfide (101 mg L(-1)). The selenium removal efficiency of the methanogenic UASB abruptly improved after 58 days of operation, suggesting that a specialized selenium-converting population developed in the reactor. This paper demonstrates that both sulfate-reducing and methanogenic UASB reactors can be applied to remove selenate from contaminated natural waters and anthropogenic waste streams, e.g. agricultural drainage waters, acid mine drainage and flue gas desulfurization bleeds.     

淤泥脱水技术及资源化烧结制品研究

近年来,淤泥的脱水技术和淤泥资源化利用逐渐引起人们的重视。重点阐述了淤泥中水分组成以及国内外淤泥脱水技术发展现状,采集不同地区淤泥样品进行淤泥资源化烧结制品工艺参数研究,为实现淤泥大宗资源化、产业化利用提供思路和依据。     

利用洗砂污泥制备烧胀陶粒的研究

研究了洗砂污泥原料的性能,对利用洗砂污泥制备烧胀陶粒进行了研究.研究结果表明:在洗砂污泥中添加市政污泥可有效地提高生球的塑性和强度,以及改善陶粒的发泡性能,同时降低焙烧温度,但使用过量会使得陶粒的焙烧温度范围变小.当市政污泥掺量20％时,可以烧制出堆积密度500kg/m3,筒压强度1.5MPa的烧胀陶粒.     

Granulation in high-load denitrifying upflow sludge bed (USB) pulsed reactors

In this work, the effect of the application of a pulse system to anoxic upflow sludge bed (USB) denitrifying reactors for enhancing sludge granulation was studied. In all, three 0.8 L reactors (two operated with flow pulsation, P1 with effluent recycling and P2 without recycling, and one without pulsation and effluent recycling, no pulsation (NP)) were fed with a mixture of NaNO3 and glucose and inoculated with methanogenic granular sludge. The organic loading rate (OLR) and the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) were progressively increased and, at the end of the experiment, extremely high values were obtained (67.5 kgCOD/m3d and 11.25 kgN-NO3-/m3 d). Ammonia and nitrite accumulation in reactor NP were important in the maturation stage, decreasing the denitrification efficiency to 90%, while in reactor P1 only low nitrite values were obtained in the last few days of the experiment. In reactor P2, nitrogen removal was 100% most of the time. Several operational problems (flotation and the subsequent wash out of biomass) appeared in the NP reactor when working at high denitrifying loading rates, while in reactors P1 and P2 there were no notable problems, mainly due to the good characteristics of the sludge developed and the efficient degasification produced by the pulsing flow. The sludge formed in the NP reactor presented a flocculent structure and a total disintegration of the initial methanogenic granules occurred, while a small-sized granular biomass with a high specific density was developed in the pulsed reactors due to the shear stress produced.