车用ZL205A铝合金激光熔覆Al2O3/NiCrAl涂层组织及摩擦性能研究

综合运用Ni/Al和Al₂O₃粉末并以激光熔覆方法在阀门用ZL205A铝合金上制得耐磨涂层,实验测试研究其微观组织及摩擦性能。研究结果表明:NiCrAl/Al₂O₃复合涂层形成较为平整表面,得到的熔覆涂层具有均匀的厚度。添加Al₂O₃陶瓷颗粒后,能够达到细化组织的效果。位于在枝晶间隙区域还有许多白色的小尺寸颗粒,在相邻枝干间形成了由Al、Ti共同组成的微量起伏结构。NiCrAl涂层硬度平均为350 HV,NiCrAl/Al₂O₃复合涂层达到了650 HV硬度,说明加入Al₂O₃颗粒后可以获得比原先单一NiCrAl涂层更高显微硬度。与铝合金相比,NiCrAl/Al₂O₃复合涂层达到了更小的磨损量,并且比NiCrAl涂层减小近30%。NiCrAl/Al₂O₃复合涂层内存在许多弥散态的Al₂O₃细小颗粒,对摩擦期间的基体塑性起到抑制作用,对基体发挥明显支撑作用,显著提升涂层耐磨能力。     

低碳钢表面激光熔覆层及其高温磨损行为

为改善低碳钢材料的耐高温磨损性能,采用激光熔覆法,在低碳钢表面制备出Ni60合金、Ni60＋Y2O3的熔覆涂层和Ni60熔覆-重熔涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、磨擦磨损实验机、扫描和透射电镜分析了熔覆层相组成、高温耐磨性能和熔覆层显微形貌.结果表明：所制得熔覆层与熔覆-重熔层组织均一、致密,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合;熔覆-...     

耐磨耐蚀Fe基激光熔覆层的组织和性能研究

目的 采用同步送粉激光熔覆技术制备兼具耐磨与耐蚀性能的Fe基熔覆层,获取熔覆层的物相组织、硬度与耐蚀性,并研究热处理对熔覆层性能的影响。方法 采用Fe-B-C-Cr-Ni-Mo-Nb-V多组元合金粉末,在304不锈钢基体上制备Fe基耐磨耐蚀熔覆层,并模拟淬火加高温回火的热处理工艺,进行熔覆层热处理试验。采用XRD、SEM表征熔覆层的物相组成和微观组织,采用显微硬度计测试熔覆层的硬度,通过极化曲线和阻抗谱对熔覆层的电化学腐蚀性能进行测试。结果 所制备的激光熔覆层同基体具有良好的冶金结合,熔覆层物相包含奥氏体g相、马氏体α''相和Cr23(C,B)6相。熔覆层的微观组织为亚共晶结构,由尺寸细小的树枝晶和枝晶间层片状共晶组织构成,热处理后还形成了大量微纳尺度的析出相。激光熔覆层的硬度相对于基体硬度提高了2.5~2.7倍,热处理后试样最高硬度达521.4HV。激光熔覆层的自腐蚀电位为−0.428 V,腐蚀电流密度为1.41×10⁻⁵ A/cm²,热处理后的熔覆层自腐蚀电位降低,腐蚀电流密度增大,阻抗值明显减小,耐蚀性降低。结论 利用激光熔覆Fe-B-C-Cr-Ni-Mo-Nb-V多组元合金粉末可制备致密、无缺陷的Fe基熔覆层,细晶强化以及大量硬质共晶组织的存在使熔覆层的硬度得到显著提升。高Cr、Ni含量保证了熔覆层具有良好的耐蚀能力,淬火加高温回火的热处理工艺使熔覆层的硬度提升,但耐蚀能力有一定程度的下降。该Fe基熔覆层在耐磨耐蚀涂层技术领域具有较好的应用前景。     

激光熔覆法制备Al2O3-TiO2涂层的显微组织与性能研究

采用预置粉末式激光熔覆法在钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)表面开展了Al_2O_3-13%(质量分数)TiO_2涂层的研究。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和显微硬度计研究了激光熔覆熔池的特征和涂层的显微结构,分析了涂层的成分分布、相组成和显微硬度分布情况。预置粉末激光熔覆制备的Al_2O_3-13%(质量分数)TiO_2涂层界面结合良好,涂层组织均匀,没有明显的裂纹和气孔。激光熔覆涂层表现出明显流线型特征,熔覆层截面分为热影响区、扩散结合区和涂层区。涂层由Ti、AlTi_3、α-Al_2O_3和γ-Al_2O_3等相组成。涂层的显微硬度达到1000~1300HV_(0.3),比基体硬度360~390HV_(0.3)高2倍。     

钛表面激光熔覆原位制备Ti5Si3涂层结构及摩擦学性能

利用激光熔覆技术在钛表面预置硅粉原位制备了Ti5Si3涂层.用XRD、SEM和TEM分析了涂层的组成和组织结构.在UMT摩擦磨损试验机上对Ti5Si3涂层在不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的摩擦磨损性能进行了测试.实验结果表明:涂层的物相主要是Ti5Si3相和基材Ti相,涂层的显微结构为球状和块状晶,Ti5Si3涂层具有较高的显微硬度,涂层截面的平均显微硬度约为840 HV0.2,是钛基材的4.4倍;Ti5Si3涂层可显著提高钛基材的耐磨性能;Ti5Si3涂层的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

微量Y2O3对多孔Mg-Al合金组织和性能的影响

镁基多孔材料在生物医用领域具有广阔的应用前景，为提高多孔Mg-Al合金在人体体液中的耐腐蚀性，采用粉末冶金法制备多孔Mg-Al合金，添加不同含量(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%)的Y₂O₃对Mg-Al合金进行改性。采用金相显微镜、XRD、SEM、万能试验机和电化学工作站探究了Y₂O₃含量对多孔Mg-Al合金的孔隙率和孔隙形貌、显微组织、抗压强度及其在Hank’s仿生溶液中耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：采用粉末冶金法制备的多孔Mg-Al合金的孔隙率为39%左右，粉末冶金法可较为准确地控制多孔Mg-Al合金的孔隙形貌和大小。多孔Mg-Al合金主要由Mg和第二相Al₁₂Mg₁₇组成，Y₂O₃的添加可使多孔Mg-Al合金晶粒得到细化、晶粒尺寸均匀化，第二相分布更加均匀，并提高多孔Mg-Al合金的抗压强度及其在Hank’s仿生溶液中的耐蚀性。当Y₂O₃含量为0.4%时，多孔Mg-Al...     

Ni/纳米Y2O3复合刷镀层的组织结构与摩擦磨损特性

添加纳米颗粒的复合镀层较常规单相镀层具有更优异的性能。采用电刷镀技术在2Cr13不锈钢表面制备了Ni/纳米Y2O3复合镀层,研究了纳米Y2O3含量对复合镀层的形貌、成分、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:与纯镍镀层相比,复合镀层表面更为平整致密;随着镀液中纳米Y2O3含量的提高,复合镀层的硬度呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当纳米Y2O3颗粒含量为15 g/L时,复合镀层的晶粒最为细小,硬度达到极大值,摩擦系数(0.20)明显低于快速镍镀层(0.38),磨损面的黏着和撕裂现象大大减轻,表现出良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能及热传导的影响

在微米氮化铝粉体中添加含量为4%的Y2O3和不同含量的纳米AlN粉体制备氮化铝陶瓷,研究了Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对微米氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能和热传导性能的影响。结果表明,Y2O3优先与纳米AlN粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成活性较高的第二相Al5Y3O12,相比于Y2O3与微米AlN粉体表面Al2O3反应生成的Al5Y3O12,具有更低的熔化温度及更好的流动性;同时,纳米AlN粉体的高比表面能也促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密化进程。二者的协同作用有效地促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结,改善第二相的微观分布,从而能在较低的烧结温度下获得具有较高热导率的氮化铝陶瓷。当Y2O3和纳米AlN粉体的添加量(质量分数)分别为4%和1.5%时,在1800℃烧结得到的氮化铝陶瓷密度为3.26 g·cm-3,第二相以连续相的形式分布于氮化铝晶界处,热导率为151.75 W/(m.K)。     

离焦量对激光熔覆层组织及性能的影响

目的改善40 Cr钢表面性能,提高其表面硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性。方法利用扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学测试系统等对激光熔覆层组织及性能进行观察和分析。结果离焦量越大,熔覆粉末及基体表面熔化深度越浅,通过控制适当的离焦量可以获得结合良好的涂层;离焦量为110 mm时,激光束的快热快冷作用能获得细小均匀的组织,细晶能保证较高的硬度,耐磨性及耐蚀性均较好。结论 40Cr钢经激光熔覆处理后可显著改善其表面性能,适宜的离焦量有利于获得最佳性能。     

油酸改性Y2O3超细粉的制备及分散性研究

以硝酸钇为钇源,用共沉淀法制备Y2O3超细粉。为改善其在有机相中的分散性和相容性,以乙醇作为分散介质用油酸对其表面改性,研究了改性温度、油酸用量和改性时间对粉体亲油化度的影响,采用XRD,FI-IR,激光粒度分析仪等手段对粉体表征。结果表明:改性前后粉体的晶型不变,油酸成功接枝到粉体表面;当改性剂物料比为0.15∶1,改性温度在60~70℃,改性时间为3h时,改性效果最好,亲油化度达到65.4%;与改性前相比平均粒径变小,分布更窄,粉体在有机相中更加分散。     

Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2共晶陶瓷显微组织及力学性能的影响

为探索第三组元Y₂O₃添加对Al₂O₃/ZrO₂共晶陶瓷显微组织与机械性能的影响,本文利用低温度梯度的高温熔凝法制备了直径为20 mm的Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)共晶陶瓷块体,采用SEM、EDS及XRD技术对共晶陶瓷进行微结构分析,并利用维氏压痕法对其硬度和断裂韧性进行测试。SEM结果表明,凝固组织由群集的共晶团结构组成,随着Y₂O₃添加量的增加,共晶团形态由胞状转变为枝晶状,内部相间距在1~2 μm范围内变化。力学测试表明,Y₂O₃摩尔分数小于1.1%时,由于组织内部存在低硬度m-ZrO₂及微裂纹缺陷,故陶瓷硬度较低,约为(9.53±0.22 )GPa;当Y₂O₃摩尔分数为1.1%时,陶瓷硬度最大,约为(18.05±0.27)GPa;当Y₂O₃的摩尔分数大于1.1%时,由于共晶团边界区内气孔缺陷及粗大组织增多,引起陶瓷硬度值略有下降。低Y₂O₃摩尔分数添加时,陶瓷断裂韧性相对较高,约为(6.30±0.16)MPa·m^1/2,这与其内部存在大量微裂纹缺陷有关;随着Y₂O₃添加量的增加,陶瓷的微裂纹数量减少、边界区内缺陷增多,断裂韧性降低。     

在TIG粉末焊接中Y2O3对ODS合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

ODS铁素体钢进行熔化焊接时容易出现氧化物颗粒聚集现象,采用TIG 填充粉末焊接能有效避免这种现象的产生,本文通过TIG填充焊接重点研究了焊接填充粉末成分与焊接接头性能之间的关系．试验结果表明:在合适的Y₂O₃填充粉末和工艺条件下焊接ODS铁素体钢,能得到外观美观无裂纹、高强度、高硬度的焊接接头;适当Y₂O₃含量的合金填充粉末能有效抑制ODS铁素体钢熔化焊接时氧化物颗粒的聚集、细化晶粒、产生新的增强颗粒相;这些均匀分布在焊缝金属上的纳米级和亚微米级颗粒呈Y—M—O类型结构,有效提高了ODS铁素体钢焊接接头的组织和性能．     

ZrO2(Y2O3)含量对双峰晶粒度分布Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料力学性能的影响

多相Mo-12Si-8.5B合金是一种很有应用前景的高温结构材料,为了同时提高Mo-12Si-8.5B合金的强度和韧性,提出了采用纳米ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)强韧化具有双峰晶粒度分布Mo-12Si-8.5B复合材料的方法。首先采用溶胶-凝胶和高温氢还原法制备了纳米Mo-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)复合粉末,然后以纳米Mo-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)粉末和微米Mo粉末为原材料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了具有双峰晶粒度分布的Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)复合材料。结果表明,随着ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)含量的增加,制备的Mo-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)纳米粉末的粒度和烧结体相对致密度均逐渐减小,ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)含量小于2.5wt%时,烧结体的相对致密度均大于98.1%。当ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)含量为1.5wt%和2.5wt%时,复合材料具有较高的硬度(9.76~9.98 GPa),抗弯强度(672~678 MPa)和断裂韧性(12.68~12.82 MPa·m1/2)。Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)复合材料中Mo晶粒细化、粗细Mo晶粒的晶界强化和纳米ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)颗粒第二相强化是提高硬度和抗弯强度主要原因;复合材料中粗晶粒Mo和纳米ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)有助于断裂韧性的提高,材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。      

La2O3、Nd2O3、Y2O3对高岭石高温相变动力学的影响

利用综合热分析技术、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了La_2O_3、Nd_2O_3、Y_2O_3对高岭石高温条件下转变成莫来石过程的作用,并采用Kissinger方程、Ozawa方程以及JMA修正方程(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)分析了La_2O_3、Nd_2O_3、Y_2O_3对高岭石高温相变动力学的影响。结果表明:3种稀土氧化物的掺入对高岭石的相变动力学参数产生了影响,相变活化能和频率因子与未掺入稀土氧化物的高岭石相比有所降低,析晶方式则未发生变化,均属于体积晶化。对比掺入3种稀土氧化物的高岭石相变活化能和频率因子可以看出,Y_2O_3对于高岭石高温条件下相变的促进作用最为明显,相变活化能最低。稀土氧化物对于高岭石高温相变产物影响不大,主晶相为莫来石相,次晶相为方石英相,但稀土氧化物的掺入使得方石英相的结晶度明显提高。     

Preparation and electrical properties of a monophasic ZrO2Y2O3Bi2O3 solid electrolyte

A preparation method is described of monophasic yttria stabilized zirconia doped with Bi₂O₃. This material is prepared from a homogeneous power which, after pressing, is sintered in a Bi₂O₃ atmosphere. The resulting ceramic has a composition of 0.78rO₂-0.206 YO_1.5-0.014BiO_1.5. The grain boundaries are enriched with bismuth. A relative density of 95% of the theoretical one is attained at a considerably lower temperature than the bismuth free sample. The electrical conductivities of the monophasic Bi doped and the Bi-free electrolyte material do not differ significantly.     

Optimization of spectroscopic properties of Yb-doped refractory sesquioxides: cubic Y2O3, Lu2O3 and monoclinic Gd2O3

Absorption and emission spectra are given for Yb³⁺-doped Y₂O₃, Lu₂O₃ and Gd₂O₃ at room temperature. Y₂O₃ and Lu₂O₃ as close cubic matrices, show Yb³⁺ similar spectra different of Yb³⁺ in Gd₂O₃ monoclinic structure. Here, we use a new method to study and optimize the main spectroscopic properties with only one concentration gradient sample. Finally, assignments of Yb³⁺ Stark levels and Raman vibrations in Y₂O₃, Lu₂O₃ and Gd₂O₃ single crystal are given.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties of Y2O3:Tb and Gd2O3:Tb microrods

One-dimensional (1D) Y₂O₃:Tb³⁺ and Gd₂O₃:Tb³⁺ microrods have been successfully prepared through a large-scale and facile hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent calcination process in N₂/H₂ mixed atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra as well as kinetic decays were used to characterize the samples. The as-formed products via the hydrothermal process could transform to cubic Y₂O₃:Tb³⁺ and Gd₂O₃:Tb³⁺ with the same morphology and slight shrinking in size after a postannealing process. Both Y₂O₃:Tb³⁺ and Gd₂O₃:Tb³⁺ microrods exhibit strong green emission corresponding to ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transition (542 nm) of Tb³⁺ under UV light excitation (307 and 258 nm, respectively), and low-voltage electron beam excitation (1.5 → 3.5 kV), which have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays.     

Effect of Bi2O3 and Y2O3 doping methods on electrical properties and PTCR behavior of Ba0.95Ca0.05TiO3 ceramics

Lead-free PTCR ceramics based on Bi₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ doped Ba_0.95Ca_0.05TiO₃ were fabricated by the conventional mixed oxide method, while Bi₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ were doped directly or after pre-calcining, in the molar ratio of Bi₂O₃:Y₂O₃ = 1:1. There were two synthesizing route, i.e. the materials were pre-calcined at 900 °C to obtain BiYO₃ firstly and then doped into the basic materials, and the materials were directly doped into the starting materials, both of which could obtain samples with different electrical properties and PTCR behavior. The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, dielectric constant-temperature and resistivity-temperature measurement instrument. It was revealed that the perovskite lattice, the microstructure and the PTCR behavior of Ba_0.95Ca_0.05TiO₃ varied with different doping contents and methods. A further research was conducted so as to study the electrical properties of ceramics by impedance spectroscopy.     

The influence of the molar ratio of Al2O3 to Y2O3 on sintering behavior and the mechanical properties of a SiC–Al2O3–Y2O3 ceramic composite

The influence of the molar ratio of Al₂O₃ to Y₂O₃ (i.e. M_Al2O3/M_Y2O3) on sintering densification, microstructure and the mechanical properties of a SiC–Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃ ceramic composite were studied. It was shown that the optimal value of M_Al2O3/M_Y2O3 was 3/2, not 5/3, which is customarily considered the optimal molar ratio for the formation of YAG (Y₃Al₅O₁₂) phase. When M_Al2O3/M_Y2O3 is 5/3, materials existed in two phases of YAG and very little YAM phases. The sintering mechanism of the solid phase occurred at 1850 °C. When M_Al2O3/M_Y2O3 was 3/2, materials existed in the two phases YAG (Y₃Al₅O₁₂) and YAM (Y₄Al₂O₉). The formation of the low melting point eutectic liquid phase (YAG + YAM) increased sintering densification. Flexure strength, hardness and relative density were all higher.     

Effects of Y2O3 addition on microwave dielectric characteristics of Al2O3 ceramics

Microwave dielectric characteristics of alumina ceramics with yttria addition were investigated. The sintering temperature was lowered, and the dielectric constant (ε_r) did not remarkably change by adding yttria. The microwave dielectric loss (tan δ) increased from 8.4 × 10^− 5 to 2.2 × 10^− 4, due to the presence of Al₅Y₃O₁₂ secondary phase. The grain size had significant effects on the dielectric loss, and there was an optimum grain size where the dielectric loss reached the minimum.