制备工艺对熔喷非织造布基平面网结构的影响

为探讨制备工艺参数对熔喷非织造布纤网结构的影响,按计量泵频率、网帘频率和接收距离的不同组合制备了13种聚丙烯熔喷非织造布,借助基平面网对纤网细观结构进行表征以简化研究。结果表明:随着计量泵频率的提高,纤维直径及其变异系数均增大,基平面网特征长度和层数均下降;随着网帘频率的提高,基平面网特征长度和层数均下降,同时取向度提高;随着接收距离的增大,纤维直径及其变异系数均增大,基平面网的特征长度减小但其层数增加,同时取向度下降。     

制备工艺对熔喷非织造布孔隙形状的影响

为探究制备工艺参数(计量泵频率、网帘频率和接收距离)对熔喷非织造布孔隙形状的影响,采用单因素实验制备多种聚丙烯熔喷非织造布。以偏心率和固靠性对孔隙形状进行表征,并基于数字图像处理技术对指标值进行测量。结果显示：计量泵频率对孔隙固靠性影响较大,但对孔隙偏心率无明显影响。随着计量泵频率的增加,孔隙固靠性先降低后增加。当计量泵频率为18 Hz时,孔隙固靠性最低。随着网帘频率的增加,孔隙偏心率先增加后降低(当网帘频率为8 Hz时,孔隙偏心率最大),而孔隙固靠性则单调增加。随着接收距离的增大,孔隙固靠性和孔隙偏心率均降低。研究结果对研制性能优良的隔声、绝缘和过滤非织造材料具有一定的参考价值。     

纺粘非织造布制备工艺与性能的关系

为研究纺粘非织造布生产工艺、结构及性能三者之间的关系,以聚丙烯为原料,采用多种工艺制备了纺粘非织造布,测试了纺粘非织造布的结构和透气性能,并对其孔隙率进行计算。通过对测试结果进行分析发现:当计量泵频率一定时,网帘频率增加,织物厚度、面密度减小,而孔隙率增大;当网帘频率一定时,计量泵频率增加,织物厚度和面密度呈变大的趋势,而孔隙率呈减小趋势;当计量泵频率增加到一定程度时,熔体输出量将不再对纤维直径变化产生明显影响;纺粘非织造布的透气率随试样孔隙率增大而提高,且二者呈幂函数关系。     

聚丙烯纺粘非织造材料的制备与纤网细观结构特征

为探讨制备技术参数对聚丙烯纺粘非织造过滤材料细观结构的影响规律,分别设定网帘频率为5、6、7、8Hz和9Hz,计量泵频率为20、22、24、26、28Hz,共制备了9种试样。采用基平面网特征长度等7个参数对纺粘非织造纤网的细观结构进行表征并进行测定。结果表明:随着网帘频率的提高,基平面网特征长度和层数均呈下降趋势,平均纤维取向角减小,孔隙率随之提高,孔径呈增大趋势,但孔径变异系数逐步减小;随着计量泵频率的提高,纤维直径随之增大,孔隙率下降,孔径呈减小态势,但孔径变异系数增大。对实验结果进行Boltzmann函数拟合或线性拟合,相关系数达到0.98699~0.99734,显示有很好的拟合度。     

基于粗糙集和神经网络的复合纺粘非织造布隔音性能预测

为预测复合纺粘非织造布的隔音性能,提出基于粗糙集理论和人工神经网络的预测方法。运用属性约简方法对含有10个参数的复合纺粘非织造纤网结构参数集进行降维,得到含厚度、纤维直径和孔隙率的约简集。将上述3个参数作为输入并通过改变隐含层神经元个数建立120个BP神经网络模型,对25个复合纺粘非织造布样本的所有24个频率所对应的透射损失数值进行预测。实验结果显示所有样本透射损失预测值与实测值之间的平均绝对百分比误差的总平均值仅为3.47%,其中以隐含层神经元个数为8的模型的预测准确度最高。研究结果表明基于厚度、纤维直径和孔隙率能够对复合纺粘非织造布的隔音性能进行准确的预测,印证了粗糙集约简结果的合理性。     

喷雾冷却对驻极熔喷材料过滤性能的影响

以改性聚丙烯为原料，在熔喷设备喷丝孔和接收网帘之间配置辅助喷雾加速冷却装置，制备结构蓬松的熔喷非织造材料，测试熔喷材料表面形貌、孔隙结构、力学性能、晶体结构和过滤性能。结果表明：随着喷雾水压增大，熔喷材料表面形貌无明显变化，孔隙率增大，断裂强度下降。喷雾冷却能够降低熔喷材料的空气阻力，但是同时也会降低过滤效率。     

静电纺纳米氧化铜抗菌复合非织造布的制备及其性能北大核心CSCD

针对聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布抗菌性能不足的问题,本文以PP熔喷非织造布为静电纺丝装置的接受基布、CuO-NPs为抗菌材料,制备具有高效抗菌性能的聚丙烯/聚丙烯腈/纳米氧化铜(PP/PAN/CuO-NPs)复合非织造布。研究了CuO-NPs质量分数与静电纺丝时间对复合非织造布抗菌等性能的影响。结果表明:当纺丝时间为1 h、CuO-NPs质量分数在0.3%~0.9%时,复合非织造布对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率均>99.99%。纺丝时间为1 h,随着CuO-NPs质量分数增大,复合非织造布纤维直径增大、直径分布均匀性降低、疏水性能下降。CuO-NPs质量分数不变,随着纺丝时间增加,复合非织造布的过滤效率提升,透气性却下降。纺丝时间相同,复合非织造布的过滤效率随着CuO-NPs质量分数增大而增大;CuO-NPs质量分数增大时,复合非织造布的透气性在较短纺丝时间(0.5~1 h)内先下降后提升,在较长纺丝时间(1.5~2.5 h)内显著下降。此外,CuO-NPs的加入不会改变PAN纳米纤维膜的化学结构。静电纺纳米纤维膜与PP基布的复合可以制备高效过滤和抑菌的医用防疫纺织品。     

静电纺PBS/熔喷复合滤材的制备及性能表征

通过正交试验得到PBS静电纺丝最优工艺,以熔喷非织造布为接收基材,在PBS静电纺丝最优工艺下制备静电纺PBS/熔喷复合滤材。并对复合前后材料的性能进行表征,结果表明:静电纺PBS纤维比熔喷非织造布纤维直径更小,且分布更均匀;熔喷非织造布与静电纺PBS纤维复合后平均孔径从10μm降低到3μm,且孔径分布很均匀,孔隙率基本无变化,材料表面的润湿性稍微有所改善。     

定长热定型对聚苯硫醚熔喷非织造布性能的影响

采用不同温度和时间,对实验室制备的聚苯硫醚(PPS)熔喷非织造布进行定长热定型处理,并对处理前后的PPS熔喷非织造布的尺寸稳定性、微观形貌和拉伸性能进行表征。结果表明:采用不同的热定型条件,均能获得尺寸稳定性良好的PPS熔喷非织造布;热定型后,PPS熔喷非织造布的微观形貌不发生明显变化,纤维玻璃化温度提高,拉伸强度增大,断裂伸长率下降。     

基于人工神经网络的纺粘非织造布孔径及其分布预测

为有效预测纺粘非织造布的孔径及其分布,通过改变计量泵频率和网帘频率制备了30种聚丙烯纺粘非织造布,运用数字图像处理技术测取样品的孔径。以计量泵频率和网帘频率为输入,并通过改变隐含层神经元个数建立了7个BP神经网络模型,对孔径和孔径变异系数进行预测。结果表明,7个模型预测的平均绝对百分比误差均小于5%,其中神经元个数为5的模型的预测精度最高。验证实验的结果进一步印证了BP神经网络模型具有很高的预测准确度。此外BP神经网络模型预测的效果优于多元线性回归模型。     

熔喷法的设备、工艺和产品

介绍了熔喷法的基本工艺、成套设备和产品。熔喷设备可以单一配置生产线,制造熔喷非织造材料,主要用作过滤介质、绝缘介质和吸收介质;也可以嵌入配置,与其他纺丝工艺(如纺粘法等)共同组成生产线,生产如SMS等多层复合产品,主要用于医卫领域。     

Porosity and barrier properties of polyethylene meltblown nonwovens

There are several areas in which textiles have been highly desirable due to their specific and high performance for many industries and sectors including in civil engineering, automobile, medicine, filtration, and electronics. Polymer used has a significant effect on the properties of meltblown nonwovens. Polypropylene being the most commonly used polymer, very limited data have been reported on the polyethylene meltblown nonwovens which are desired due to their unique processing and performance advantages. In this study, we have investigated the effects of process variables, die temperature, air pressure, and die-to-collector distance on some characteristics of polyethylene meltblown nonwovens such as pore size, air permeability, hydrostatic head, and SEM analysis. It was observed that the variables have significant effects on the produced nonwovens, and many of the properties are comparable to those obtained with that of polypropylene meltblown webs.     

纳米材料与熔喷法非织造布的复合方法及其应用的研究

简述了纳米材料的特殊性能、熔喷法非织造布的特点以及纳米复合熔喷法非织造布的优势及应用,并总结了国内外生产纳米复合熔喷法非织造布时施加纳米材料的方法以及各方法的优缺点,最后简单介绍了本研究所采取的方法.     

熔喷聚酯非织造布生产工艺参数对纤网最大孔径的影响

分析了在聚酯熔喷法非织造布生产中,纺丝温度,空气温度,空气压力,接收距离以及接收器线速度等工艺条件对纤网最大孔径的影响,对控制聚酯熔喷产品的质量有一定的指导作用。     

吸声隔音用纤维与非织造布复合材料

简介几类纺织纤维(植物纤维、无机纤维、合成纤维、金属纤维)及其非织造布复合材料在降噪领域的应用，说明了开发吸声隔音用纺织纤维与非织造布复合材料的现实意义。     

Sound and thermal insulation properties of flax/low melt PET needle punched nonwovens

Noise pollution is an ever increasing problem in the world because of the industrial revolution. Recently, researchers have begun investigating natural fiber composites as potential materials for the manufacture of sound absorption structures. In this work, flax/low melting point polyester needle punched nonwoven fabrics were manufactured and characterized for sound and thermal insulation applications. Nonwovens were developed by blending flax fibers with low melt PET at three blend ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) with 7 mm and 10 mm needle penetration depth. The test results showed that there was a decrease in thermal resistance value with increase in low melt PET % and needle penetration depth. The developed nonwovens had better sound insulation value at medium and high frequency. There was no significant change in sound insulation value with increase in low melt PET %.     

分层复合水刺/热风非织造材料的吸声性能研究

以水刺非织造材料、热熔纤网和热风非织造材料为原料,分层叠加,置于烘箱中热风加热,制得两层和三层复合非织造材料。对分层非织造材料的厚度、透气性、孔隙率以及吸声性能等进行测试,探讨各因素对材料吸声性能的影响。测试结果显示:随着非织造材料厚度增加,同一声波频率的吸声系数提高;单层非织造材料的吸声系数随声音频率的增大而提高;双层复合材料吸声系数随着热风非织造材料面密度增加而提高,最高吸声系数向低频段偏移,吸声频段拓宽,吸声系数随着频率增加呈先上升再下降的趋势;双层分层吸声材料选择孔隙率梯度从受声面开始由低到高排列,三层复合材料的孔隙率按照低—高—低排列,可获得较好的吸声效果。     

熔喷聚乳酸非织造材料工艺与过滤性能研究

通过实验和分析,证明了聚乳酸在熔喷工艺上应用的可行性,并通过优化工艺参数研制出过滤性能良好的熔喷聚乳酸非织造材料,讨论了主要工艺参数(气流速度、接收距离以及驻极)对熔喷聚乳酸非织造材料过滤性能的影响。     

一步法SMS将在中国迅速发展

概述了纺粘布、熔喷布以及它们的三层复合材料 SMS的特点 ;比较了一步法 SMS和二步法 SMS的特点 ;预测了一步法 SMS将继普通纺粘布热潮之后 ,在中国获得迅速发展     

Sound insulation of walls using wood insulation mat and plywood jointed with a combination of adhesive tape and wood dowels

In this study sound insulation of walls was evaluated using wood insulation mat and plywood jointed with a combination of adhesive tape and wood dowels. Building of actual wall assembly test specimens and evaluating their sound insulation revealed that the sound transmission loss for jointing using a combination of adhesive tape and wood dowels was considerably higher than that using nails, for middle and high frequency ranges of 2 kHz and above. When comparing heat-insulating materials (sound-absorbing materials), the test specimen using high-density glass wool had greater sound insulation than the specimen using low-density materials, and the specimen using wooden heat-insulating/sound-absorbing materials showed roughly the same properties as glass wool of 20 % higher density. When the sound insulation for impact sounds of the experimental specimen (joined with adhesive tape and using wooden heat-insulating/sound-absorbing materials) was compared to a specimen with a typical composition (joined with nails and using glass wool), the former proved to have better sound insulation, by approximately 10 dB for light impact sounds between 400 and 800 Hz and approximately 5 dB for higher frequencies. For heavy impact sounds, the experimental specimen displayed a greater sound insulation for all frequencies, by 5–10 dB at frequencies of around 100 Hz and of 400 Hz and above.