氮化硼杂化环保型酚醛树脂的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂对氮化硼（BN）微米粒子进行表面处理，并在酚醛树脂（PF）的聚合反应过程中将其加入，制备出一种新型的有机／无机BN杂化环保型PF。采用红外光谱（FT—IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和热重分析（TGA）等手段对杂化树脂的结构与性能进行了研究，并运用Kissinger、Ozawa和Crane方法计算其热分解反应的动力学参数。结果表明：杂化树脂的活化能和频率因子分别为126．1kJ／mol和1．64×10^8S^-1（Kissinger法），反应级数为0．929（Crane法），其热分解反应机理比较复杂；经偶联剂处理过的BN粒子在PF中的分散性较好，BN杂化PF的耐热性略有提高；采用玻璃纤维增强杂化树脂制备BN杂化PF复合材料，其力学强度和电性能明显提高，拉伸强度由476．6MPa提高到610．5MPa，表面电阻率由2．88×10^12Ω增加到1．92×10^15Ω。     

碳纤维处理方法对PE-HD／EVA／CF复合材料导电性能的影响

研究了碳纤维（CF）不同的表面处理方法对PE—HD／EVA／CF复合材料导电性能的影响，包括硝酸液相氧化处理和硅烷偶联剂KH560、KH550包覆处理。结果表明，用偶联剂处理的复合体系，其体积电阻率随着CF的用量增加呈下降趋势。KH560包覆处理体系的最低体积电阻率为3．63×10^9Ω·cm，KH550处理体系为7．94×10^9Ω·cm。KH560的偶联处理效果总体较佳，导电渗阈值出现在5份，而且KH560最佳使用量为0．8份。硝酸液相氧化处理效果比偶联剂好，随着氧化时间的延长，复合体系的导电性能随之改善，最佳氧化时间为7h，其导电渗阈值在3．5份左右，体积电阻率从10^13Ω·cm下降到5．75×10^8Ω·cm。     

导热PE-HD／SiC复合材料的制备及性能研究

将碳化硅（SiC）粒子和高密度聚乙烯（PE—HD）经粉末混合后制得导热复合材料。研究了SiC粒子分散状态及含量对复合材料热导率、热阻、力学性能及电绝缘性能的影响，探讨了SiC粒径对热导率的影响。结果表明：复合材料中SiC粒子围绕在PE—HD粒子周围，形成了特殊的网状导热通路；随SiC粒径增加，热导率降低；在填料体积分数为30％时，复合材料热导率、热阻、拉伸强度及冲击强度、体积电阻率和介电常数分别为1．05W／（m·K）、0．75K／W、15MPa、13．2kJ／m^2、4．6×10^15 ·Ω·cm和3．03。此外，使用少量的氧化铝（Al2O3）纤维替代SiC组成混杂填料增强的材料各项性能均得到改善，并且与纯PE-FID相比具有优良的热传导能力。     

酚醛BMC

美国最大的预制整体模塑料（BMC）生产商BMC公司宣布推出酚醛基模塑料。新的BMC—X—Cel针对耐高温用途如汽车盖下零件和排气部件，以及油箱、仪表等而设计。据称玻纤填充酚醛BMC在220℃性能保持85％以上．300℃性能保持60％以上。材料在149～188℃固化约1min，根据使用性能要求还需要在177℃后烘烤20min～2h。     

玻纤增强酚醛模塑料性能及应用

对木粉增强酚醛模塑料与玻纤增强模塑料的性能进行了比较,结果表明玻璃纤维增强模塑料在冲击性能、耐高温性能及绝缘性能等方面均有所提高,并对玻纤的增强机理进行了简要的分析。同时对玻璃纤维增强酚醛模塑料在汽车工业和电子行业中的应用进行了总结,并论述了玻纤增强酚醛模塑料的发展趋势。     

基于阀体制造的先进树脂基复合材料性能研究

研究了不同改性方法对酚醛团状膜塑料（BMC）、酚醛片状膜塑料（SMC）、乙烯基SMC材料力学性能的影响,分析了树脂基与纤维相的改性作用机制,得到了三者中具有最佳力学性能的复合材料,并通过仿真分析验证了不同复合材料用于制造阀体的可行性。结果表明,3种材料的拉伸性能为乙烯基SMC>酚醛BMC>酚醛SMC,弯曲性能为酚醛BMC>乙烯基SMC>酚醛SMC,乙烯基SMC的综合力学性能最佳;成型温度为160 ℃、模压压力为9 MPa、保温时间为30 min时,乙烯基SMC的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别达到148.26 MPa、4.50 GPa、92.33 MPa、2.39 GPa;阀体静力学分析结果表明,乙烯基SMC与酚醛BMC均满足阀体制造要求。     

耐高温注射型酚醛模塑料的研制

介绍了一种耐高温的注射型酚醛模塑料的配方、工艺及特性。采用复合固化体系,以酚醛树脂为基体树脂,以无机纤维为增强剂,制备了耐高温的注射型酚醛模塑料。该材料不但具有较好的适应注射成型需要的流动性和流变特性,而且成型后具有较高的热变形温度（264℃）和热稳定性（300℃）。     

玻纤增强酚醛模塑料生产工艺发展及改进

玻纤增强酚醛模塑料相较于木粉填充的酚醛模塑料具有拉伸强度高、弹性系数高、抗冲击能力强、不燃、耐化学性佳、吸水性小、尺度安定性佳、加工性佳、与树脂接着性良好以及价格便宜等优点。本文介绍了玻纤酚醛模塑料的工业制备过程。针对连续化生产的要求,对制备工艺进行改进,提升及稳定了玻纤增强酚醛模塑料成品率及性能。     

木粉粒径对木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的木粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备木塑复合材料，研究了木粉粒径对木塑复合材料力学性能和加工流动性的影响。结果表明：木粉粒径对复合材料性能的影响十分明显，较大粒径的木粉有利于复合材料弯曲性能和冲击强度的提高。木粉粒径从100μm增加到850μm，复合材料弯曲强度增加10．4％，弯曲模量增加56．3％，冲击强度增加14．6％。随木粉粒径的增大，拉伸强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势，在200μm时出现最大值。木粉粒径对熔体流动速率（MFR）和密度的影响十分明显，大粒径的木粉使复合材料具有较高的MFR和较低的密度。     

固化剂对BMI改性酚醛模塑料性能的影响

合成了一种双马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂,探讨了固化剂HTMA及PO对树脂及其模塑料性能的影响,研究了两种固化树脂的固化特性。结果表明,PO引发固化的模塑料相对于HTMA具有更好的性能,马丁耐热温度可达148℃,表面电阻率高达2.56×1015Ω,冲击强度和弯曲强度分别为51.66 kJ/m2和113.9 MPa。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997