浅探RCM在高速公路机电养护中的运用

1RCM的产生和发展 以可靠性为中心的维修,简称RCM（ReliabilityCenteredMaintenance）．是目前国际上流行的、用以确定设备预防性维修工作、优化维修制度的一种系统工程方法,也是发达国家军队及工业部门制定装备和设备预防性维修大纲的首选方法。     

以可靠性为中心的维修的经济效益评估模型

以可靠性为中心的维修(Reliability—centered Maintenance,RCM)的经济效益评估模型是国内外首次系统、全面、简单、有效评估核电站维修优化成果的方法。本文从RCM经济效益评估内容和分类着手,详细介绍了分析后取消项目、增加项目显性及隐性经济效益评估模型,并结合大亚湾核电站现状进行了实证应用与分析。     

基于RCM的地铁设备变权综合状态值的评价

将地铁设备划分为系统、子系统和子子系统三个层次,对各层次系统进行以可靠性为中心的维修(Reliability Centered Maintenance,RCM)分析,针对需要状态修的机械设备分别确定其状态值和权重,并提出了基于RCM的地铁设备变权综合状态值的评价方法。上海地铁某线路制动系统的应用表明,该评价方法为RCM的实施提供了可行途径,为地铁设备的维修决策提供了科学依据。     

基于FMEA和RCM的重型汽车维修策略研究

针对我国重型汽车现行维修模式缺乏针对性,维修效率低下、维修成本高昂等问题,运用以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)理论提出状态维修与预防维修相结合,以可靠性为中心兼顾经济性的维修策略。     

RCM与风险分析技术的研究和应用

采用传统的以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)与风险分析相结合的理论,对国内某炼油厂的常减压装置动设备进行了分析,提供了基于风险的RCM技术解决方案.论文中的分析方法既满足了对动设备开展可靠性分析的技术诉求,又继承了目前国内正在广泛开展的基于风险的管理(RBM)理念.     

基于RCM的港口机械关键设备的维修决策

以港口起重机械为对象,在为振华港机建立的以可靠性为中心的维修决策流程框架下,对所涉及的维修方式进行研究优化.结合故障率调整因子,探索了按有效度最大的原则确定港口机械的最佳预防维修周期的算法;基于P-F间隔,提出了基于RCM的状态维修检测周期算法.最后,开发了可靠性维护系统,通过程序开发,实现各项功能模块.为企业的设备维护提供科学的决策支持.     

维修管理模式对制造企业质量控制影响的实证研究

可靠的设备预防维修水平和卓越的产品质量保证能力是保障产品过程质量的关键,现有多数研究集中在质量管理模式与企业绩效的关系分析。在对过程质量控制、设备维修管理评述的基础上,探讨了设备维修管理模式与维修绩效及过程质量控制绩效间的关系。以国内制造企业的连续生产方式为研究对象,运用结构方程模型剖析了RCM、TPM、设备采购管理与和设备维修绩效、过程质量控制绩效的路径关系,发现基础维修管理活动对维修绩效有间接影响,RCM、TPM对设备维修绩效有显著影响,路径系数分别为0.346、0.717,设备维修绩效对过程质量控制绩效的影响显著,路径系数为0922。证明制造企业为提升产品质量,需要完善其设备预防维修系统。     

基于物联网的长隧道运营安全监控方案

本文主要基于物联网的RFID技术,视频监控技术、光纤周界防入侵报警技术,提出一种基于物联网的多参数一起监测的安全监控方案。该方案可以保证24小时不间断对公路隧道口进行监控,保障隧道的安全使用,防止意外事情的发生。实现车辆进入隧道不报警,无关人员进入隧道报警,相关人员(检查人员、维修人员等)进入隧道不报警的功能。该方案成功应用在市政快速公路长隧道监控中,验证了其可行性和实用性。     

隧道机器人监控装置新技术的开发

本文对隧道机器人监控装置无线传输系统进行了研究.重点阐述了系统的结构原理和关键技术.采用本系统可以实时监控隧道机器人工作状况,该系统具有良好的稳定性和可靠性,可满足远距离监控的需要.     

基于RCM理论的B超设备常见故障诊断方法研究

B超是医疗卫生单位中主流医学影像设备,在临床应用上具有不可替代性,但目前国内的医疗B超采购大多被国外厂商垄断,不仅影响到设备的购买市场,还影响到了B超的维修保养行业。为解决这问题,将可靠性为中心的维修RCM理论引入B超维修与管理中,并通过归纳常见的故障实例分析,为超声设备的故障分析与维护提供技术参考,对医疗设备的售后服务行业健康有序的发展具有重要的促进作用。     

A framework for reliability and risk centered maintenance

Reliability centered maintenance (RCM) is a well-established analysis method for preventive maintenance planning. As its name indicates, reliability is the main point of reference for the planning, but consequences of failures are also assessed. However, uncertainties and risk are to a limited extent addressed by the RCM method, and in this paper we suggest an extension of the RCM to reliability and risk centered maintenance (RRCM) by also considering risk as the reference for the analysis in addition to reliability. A broad perspective on risk is adopted where uncertainties are the main component of risk in addition to possible events and associated consequences. A case from the offshore oil and gas industry is presented to illustrate and discuss the suggested approach.     

Reliability centered maintenance

Reliability centered maintenance (RCM) is a method for maintenance planning developed within the aircraft industry and later adapted to several other industries and military branches. This paper presents a structured approach to RCM, and discusses the various steps in the approach. The RCM method provides a framework for utilizing operating experience in a more systematic way. The requirements for reliability models and data are therefore highlighted. The gap between maintenance practitioners and scientists working with maintenance optimization models is discussed, together with some future challenges for RCM.     

Maintenance strategy for tilting table of rolling mill based on reliability considerations

Reliability centred maintenance (RCM) is a new strategic framework for ensuring that any asset continues to perform, as its users want it to perform. RCM is a process used to determine the maintenance requirement of any physical asset in its operating context. RCM process entails asking seven questions about each of the selected assets. It makes use of two documents namely, RCM information worksheet and RCM decision worksheet. RCM decision diagram integrates all the decision processes into a single strategic framework. RCM concept developed by US commercial airlines industry has been successfully implemented by Military, Navy, Nuclear power plants, electric power generation and distribution undertakings and several other sectors. These projects have been carried out in the United Kingdom, The Republic of Ireland, the United States, Hong Kong, Australia, Spain and Singapore. The fact that people has enthusiastically received RCM at all levels and has enabled users to achieve some remarkable successes in all of these countries, suggests that it can be universally employed. Literature review indicates that RCM approach is not conventionally applied in process industries in India. Presently, predictive maintenance (PDM) approach along with conventional preventive maintenance is used in continuous/process industries. This approach if implemented in totality will increase the production cost to a large degree and make the production uneconomical. Similarly breakdown maintenance (BDM) approach cannot be applied in such industries as each breakdown involves huge costs. RCM approach is a compromise between PDM and BDM approach for optimising the cost and ensuring the availability of machine.The RCM approach has been applied to the tilting table system of rolling mill for the research work reported in this paper. In the present study, preventive maintenance tasks suggested for power transmission subsystem, guiding and transportation subsystem and hydraulic subsystem in tilting tables are 14 scheduled on-condition tasks, 10 scheduled on-restoration tasks, seven scheduled discard task. Whereas for 14 failure modes no scheduled maintenance has been proposed. Existing maintenance schedule for tilting tables indicates the maintenance action as and when required. Hence RCM based schedule specifies that additional preventive maintenance tasks need to be executed as compared to none initially. Cost incurred for this can be offset from the savings accrued from reduction in loss of production due to repetitive breakdowns. The methodology of RCM adopted in western industries cannot be applied as it is to Indian industries because of labour oriented nature, partially computerised information systems, non-availability of the information about cost of loss of production due to breakdown and age-reliability pattern of equipment, insufficient maintenance database. These problems can be overcome by development of sound MMIS, formulation of RCM review group and imparting suitable training to acquire the relevant skills in RCM. Thus RCM methodology can be applied to Indian industry for reduction of breakdowns as well as optimisation of preventive maintenance cost. This can further boost up the prospects of Indian industry to offer the products at globally competitive prices.     

Age-related maintenance versus reliability centred maintenance: a case study on aero-engines

Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) is a procedure carried out as part of the logistic support analysis (LSA) process and is described in the US Department of Defence Military Standards (Mil Std 2173). RCM allows logisticians the opportunity to determine the best maintenance policy for each component within a system. However, the only data that are available to carryout RCM using Mil Std 2173 are of MTBF. This implies that all the necessary mathematical models need to be based on the exponential distribution. This is a serious drawback to the whole concept of RCM as the exponential distribution cannot be used to model items that fail due to wear, or any other mode that is related to their age. In this paper, a new approach to RCM is proposed using the concepts of soft life and hard life to optimise the total maintenance cost. For simplicity, only one mode of failure is considered for each component. However, the model can be readily applied to multiple failure modes. The proposed model is applied to find the optimal maintenance policies in the case of military aero-engines using Monte Carlo simulation. The case study shows a potential benefit from setting soft lives on relatively cheap components that can cause expensive, unplanned engine rejections.     

Applying RCM in large scale systems: a case study with railway networks

In 2000, the European Union founded a project named ‘RAIL: Reliability centered maintenance approach for the infrastructure and logistics of railway operation’ aimed to study the application of Reliability centered maintenance (RCM) techniques to the railway infrastructure. In this paper, we present the results obtained into the RAIL project, including a RCM methodology adapted to large infrastructure networks and a RCM toolkit to perform the RCM analysis, including cost aspects and maintenance planning guidance. This paper addresses the problem of applying RCM to large scale railway infrastructure networks to achieve an efficient and effective maintenance concept. Railways use nowadays very traditional preventive maintenance (PM) techniques, relying mostly on ‘blind’ periodic inspection and the ‘know-how’ of maintenance staff. RCM was seen as a promising technique from the beginning of the RAIL project because of several factors. First, technical insights obtained were better than the existing, so that several maintenance processes could be revised and adjusted. Second, the interdisciplinary approach used to make the analysis was very enriching and very encouraging for maintenance staff consulted. Third, using the RCM structured approach allowed to achieve well-documented analysis and clear decision diagrams. Our methodology includes some new features to overcome the problems of RCM observed in other projects. As a whole, our methodology and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems have produced two short-term benefits: reduction of time and paperwork because databases and tools are accessible through Internet, and creation of a permanent, accurate, and better collection of information. It will also have some long-term benefits: better PM will increase equipment life and will help to reduce corrective maintenance costs; Production will increase as unscheduled downtime decreases; purchase costs of parts and materials will be reduced; more effective and up-to-date record of inventory/stores reports; and better knowledge of the systems to help the company to chose those systems with the best LCC. The results have been corroborated with the application of our methodology to signal equipment in several railway network sections, as shown in this paper. Because of the successful conclusion of the project, the Spanish railway company (RENFE) and the German railway company (DB A.G.), not only decided to adopt RCM to enhance PM, but they have started a large project to implement Total Preventive Maintenance relying on the implantation of the RCM methodology.     

双连拱隧道施工中衬砌开裂与力学行为研究进展

双连拱隧道因其较高的空间利用率而在工程中被广泛应用,然而在后行洞施工过程中先行洞衬砌常发生开裂。为研究此过程中衬砌的开裂及力学行为,该文提出了将分布式光纤监测、反演分析方法及可反映混凝土开裂行为的有限元模拟相结合的研究方法,在广泛调研国内外文献的基础上,梳理总结了该课题组研究相关成果,包括：依托于实际工程,实现了分布式光纤监测在连拱隧道施工中的应用;提出了精度更高的衬砌结构力学行为反演分析方法;验证了利用总应变旋转裂缝本构模型反映复杂受力及约束下的钢筋混凝土构件力学性能和开裂模式的可行性。该文的研究方法与结论可为有关工程实践提供参考。     

Application of RCM for safety considerations in a steel plant

Any operation or process done on machine or its parts to enhance the efficiency of machine before or after the breakdown is called maintenance. A concern may be said to be successful over the years, when it runs non-interrupted, maintains a smooth production flow consistently and at optimum productivity levels. Plant can achieve productivity up to a satisfactory level by proper maintenance work. The maintenance system may be categorized as either ‘Planned’ or ‘Unplanned‘. The classic maintenance problems in modern industries are insufficient pro-active maintenance, frequent problem repetition, erroneous maintenance work, sound maintenance practices not institutionalized, unnecessary and conservative PM, sketchy rationale for PM actions, lack of traceability/visibility for maintenance program, blind acceptance of OEM inputs, PM variability between like/similar units, paucity of predictive maintenance applications. Hence it was necessary to develop an appropriate methodology to develop strategies and programmatic approach to deal with such problems. The reliability centered maintenance offers the most systematic and efficient process to address an overall programmatic approach to the optimization of plant and equipment maintenanceIn this paper, the concept of RCM has been applied to process of vacuum degassing/vacuum oxygen decarburising (VD/VOD) in steel melting shop of a medium scale steel industry. Safety consideration is the significant aspect for selection of the system. By systematically applying the RCM methodology, failures, failure modes are analyzed. To preserve the system function, preventive maintenance tasks such as inspection/checking, lubrication, cleaning, adjustment, replacement, are allotted for various failure modes. RCM based preventive maintenance schedule for the system is formulated and compared with the company's existing preventive maintenance schedule. For subsystems such as ejectors, water-ring pumps and the RLC/ladle car/furnace, existing maintenance schedule is conservative. For oxygen lance and cooling pumps, maintenance frequency is to be increased to quarterly from yearly in the present schedule. For condensers bimonthly schedule is recommended as compared to none, whereas for cooling pumps the schedule remains unchanged. This reveals that RCM based tasks need not necessarily increase the frequency but can, retain or even decrease the frequency of maintenance based on functional priorities. RCM can also recommend the additional maintenance tasks. Application of RCM based PM schedule requires use of age exploration technique and attitudinal changes.     

短天窗点间隔下邻近既有隧道爆破方案的优化

为评估短天窗点间隔条件下爆破对邻近既有隧道衬砌结构安全性的影响,以福平铁路苔井山隧道为依托,采用数值模拟对两种不同爆破方案1.4 m进尺下的邻近隧道各监测点的爆破振速进行了分析。结果表明:全断面爆破方案最大振速为6.04 cm/s,超过现场施工最大振速允许值3 cm/s,而优化后的分天窗爆破方案最大振速仅为2.75 cm/s,且能充分利用天窗点,加快施工进度,安全经济高效,同时也可为以后类似工程提供借鉴。