脉冲电场协同酶解提高多孔淀粉制备效率及吸油率

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,采用脉冲电场(PEF)协同酶解制备多孔淀粉,探究其对多孔淀粉制备效率及吸油率的影响。结果表明:通过PEF改性后,淀粉水解率达到24.28%时所需的酶解时间缩短一半;在相同加酶量的条件下,通过PEF改性后,淀粉水解率为23.11%,较原淀粉显著提高,表明通过PEF改性可降低加酶量;在酶解6 h和加酶量为0.8×10~(-2) mL/g淀粉干基的条件下,经PEF改性协同酶解制备的多孔淀粉水解率为23.11%、吸油率为145.11%、比表面积为1.25 m~2/g,总孔容为4.31 cm~2/g×10~(-3),原淀粉酶解制备的多孔淀粉上述指标分别为18.38%、119.47%、1.16 m~2/g,4.15 cm~2/g×10~(-3),表明通过PEF改性提高酶解淀粉的水解率、吸油率、比表面积和总孔容。扫描电镜结果显示,PEF改性可使淀粉表面产生凹槽状结构;激光共聚焦显微镜观察显示,PEF改性提高了淀粉颗粒对淀粉酶的敏感性;热力学性质测试结果显示,PEF改性多孔淀粉的焓值低于原淀粉,表明PEF改性破坏了淀粉颗粒内部分致密的结晶区。本项研究揭示了PEF改性对淀粉颗粒及其酶解制备多孔淀粉的构效关系,为高效制备多孔淀粉提供了一个新思路,并拓展了PEF可应用的领域。     

酶法制备多孔玉米淀粉及其显微结构的研究

采用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶双酶协同制备多孔玉米淀粉,研究了加酶量、反应温度、pH值、时间等因素对多孔淀粉水解率和吸油率的影响,得出制备多孔玉米淀粉的最佳条件为:加酶量1%以淀粉干基计),酶配比(α-淀粉酶:糖化酶)1:2,反应温度55℃,pH 5.0,反应时间16 h,所得多孔淀粉的水解率为53.45%,吸油率为98.48%,并借助于偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产品的显微结构进行研究.     

籼米多孔淀粉制备及微藻油DHA微胶囊化的研究

采用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶水解籼米淀粉制备多孔淀粉,为优化制备条件,以吸油率为指标,对水解温度、pH、反应时间、酶配比等参数进行了研究,并将多孔淀粉吸附微藻油DHA作为芯材,以包埋率为指标,考察不同含量的多孔淀粉对包埋率的影响,并测定水分含量。结果表明:以酶配比8:1,pH4.5,温度45℃,水解12h,多孔淀粉吸油率最高为104.12%,用于微藻油DHA微胶囊化,包埋率达到92.08%,水分含量为3.78%,基本符合添加于奶粉的要求。     

复合酶法制备多孔淀粉条件的优化

采用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶复合水解法,以玉米淀粉为原料制备具有较高吸油率的多孔淀粉,研究了复合酶的作用条件对多孔淀粉吸油率和得率的影响,通过测定多孔淀粉的吸油率及扫描电镜分析,对多孔淀粉制备条件进行了优化.试验结果表明,α-淀粉酶在50℃、pH 6.0、水解14 h后,再在pH 4.0、50℃加入糖化酶水解14 h,α-淀粉酶和糖化酶配比为1:2,总酶量为2%时,制得多孔淀粉的吸油率56.62%、得率88.79%.扫描电镜结果显示淀粉颗粒表面小孔分布均匀,孔径适中,孔较深.     

大米微孔淀粉的酶法制备工艺优化研究

本文以水解率为指标,研究仅一淀粉酶与糖化酶复合水解大米淀粉制备微孔淀粉的工艺条件.通过单因素和正交试验确定酶解最佳工艺条件:α-淀粉酶:糖化酶＝1:3,酶用量2.0%,反应时间20h,反应温度42℃,pH值4.2.吸水率和吸油率测试对酶解前后的大米淀粉进行性质分析表明,微孔淀粉吸水、吸油能力明显大于原淀粉.     

超声波辅助酶法制备多孔淀粉的中试研究初探

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,采用超声波辅助酶解法进行多孔淀粉的中试生产研究。通过测定多孔淀粉的吸油率和得率,对中试生产条件进行了优化。实验结果表明:最佳中试条件为淀粉浆浓度60%,超声时间30min,超声功率600W;α-淀粉酶与糖化酶质量比为1:2,总酶量为4%,α-淀粉酶酶解温度为55℃,pH6.0,水解8h;糖化酶水解温度为50℃,pH4.0,水解14h。生产的多孔淀粉得率为80.60%,吸油率为71.22%。     

微波辅助制备多孔淀粉的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料酶解制备多孔淀粉,在酶解前、后分别用微波对干淀粉进行处理,以水解率、吸油率、柠檬黄吸附量为指标,探讨了微波功率、微波时间等因素对所得产品成孔情况的影响;并对多孔淀粉颗粒的微观形态、晶体结构和糊化特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)微波辅助处理制得多孔淀粉的水解率和吸附性较好。酶解前的高功率微波辐射30s使产品的吸油率达到最高,较之普通酶解产品提高了35%,辐射40s使产品的色素吸附量达最高,较普通产品提高了16.5%;酶解后的中功率微波辐射30s使产品的吸油率和色素吸附量较之普通酶解产品分别提高了18%和17%。(2)酶解后微波处理制得的产品成孔性优于酶解前处理,其孔径、孔深及数目较之普通酶解产品有较大改善。微波辅助制备的多孔淀粉基本保持原淀粉的结晶结构,产品结合水的能力和形成凝胶的能力均增强。     

籼米多孔淀粉的研制

试验以籼米淀粉为原料,通过α-淀粉酶水解籼米淀粉制备籼米多孔淀粉,探讨并获得了酶水解法制备籼米多孔淀粉的较优工艺：酶解反应温度为35℃,酶解反应时间为12 h,加酶量为酶解40%淀粉量,酶解体系pH值为4.0。并利用砂芯漏斗测定淀粉对液体的吸附能力,观察到大米多孔淀粉对液体的吸附能力大大强于大米原淀粉。     

酶法制备多孔玉米淀粉的影响因素研究

多孔淀粉是生淀粉酶在低于淀粉糊化温度下水解各种淀粉形成的一种中空的变性淀粉。作为一种高效、无毒、安全的新型有机吸附剂被广泛用于食品、医药、农业、化妆品、造纸等行业。本文以玉米淀粉为原料,采用酶水解法来制备多孔淀粉。以吸水率、吸油率为指标来评价酶的来源、淀粉的预处理条件、酶解条件等因素对多孔淀粉形成的影响。研究结果表明,选择玉米淀粉颗粒的粒度为100目,经过湿热处理后采用复合酶(α-淀粉酶与糖化酶配比为1:3)来制备多孔淀粉。通过正交试验确定酶解最佳工艺条件:酶用量 2．0％,时间20h,温度42℃,pH值4．2,搅拌速率120r·min-1,Ca2+浓度0．15％。     

超声波微波协同组合酶法制备玉米多孔淀粉

多孔淀粉是生淀粉酶在低于淀粉糊化温度下水解各种淀粉形成的一种中空的变性淀粉。作为一种高效、无毒、安全的新型有机吸附剂被广泛用于食品、医药、农业、化妆品、造纸等行业。超声波微波协同组合条件下改进传统酶水解法来制备玉米多孔淀粉。超声波微波协同组合条件下改进传统酶水解法来制备玉米多孔淀粉。采用单因素和L18(37)正交实验,考察温度、时间、超声波功率等对吸油率的影响。结果表明:时间45min,微波功率150W,超声波功率400W,温度56℃,α-淀粉酶加酶量为8U/g,糖化酶与α-淀粉酶配比为6∶1,柠檬酸缓冲液pH为5.4,此时吸油率最高。通过SEM观察,发现多孔淀粉呈蜂窝状,表面孔的数目较多,孔密度均一,孔径不大但孔深适中,同时比表面积增大,颗粒较完整。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the