MuJava: an automated class mutation system

Several module and class testing techniques have been applied to object‐oriented (OO) programs, but researchers have only recently begun developing test criteria that evaluate the use of key OO features such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Mutation testing is a powerful testing technique for generating software tests and evaluating the quality of software. However, the cost of mutation testing has traditionally been so high that it cannot be applied without full automated tool support. This paper presents a method to reduce the execution cost of mutation testing for OO programs by using two key technologies, mutant schemata generation (MSG) and bytecode translation. This method adapts the existing MSG method for mutants that change the program behaviour and uses bytecode translation for mutants that change the program structure. A key advantage is in performance: only two compilations are required and both the compilation and execution time for each is greatly reduced. A mutation tool based on the MSG/bytecode translation method has been built and used to measure the speedup over the separate compilation approach. Experimental results show that the MSG/bytecode translation method is about five times faster than separate compilation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

UML模型驱动的划分测试用例生成方法研究

测试用例的自动生成是软件测试研究的主要方向之一。针对现有的UML模型驱动测试方法在测试数据生成方面存在低效、无目的性、冗余等问题,提出了基于UML活动图模型驱动的划分测试用例自动生成方法。该方法将测试场景归为五种类型,并为每种类型规划了测试数据取值范围和选择方法。构建了基于该方法的原型工具软件,提供被测软件原模型和数据约束即可生成测试用例。实验结果表明,该方法能够在不降低测试覆盖率的情况下,能生成数量少、针对性强的测试用例集。     

Structural testing for message‐passing concurrent programs: an extended test model

Developing high‐quality, error‐free message‐passing concurrent programs is not trivial. Although a number of different primitives with associated semantics are available to assist such development, they often increase the complexity of the testing process. In this paper, we extend our previous test model for message‐passing programs and present new structural testing criteria, taking into account additional features used in this paradigm, such as collective communication, non‐blocking sends, distinct semantics for non‐blocking receives, and persistent operations. Our new model also recognizes that sender primitives cannot always be matched with every receive primitive. This improvement allows us to remove statically a significant number of infeasible synchronization edges that would otherwise have to be analyzed later by the tester. In this paper, the test model is presented using the Message‐Passing Interface standard; however, our new model has been designed to be flexible, and it can be configured to support a range of different message‐passing environments or languages. We have carried out case studies showing the applicability of the new test model to represent message‐passing programs and also to reveal errors, mainly those errors related to inter‐process communication. In addition to increasing the number of features supported by the test model, we have also reduced the overall cost of testing significantly. Our case studies suggest that the number of synchronization edges can be reduced by up to 93%, mainly by eliminating infeasible edges between unmatchable communication primitives. The main contribution of the paper is to present a more flexible test model that provides improved coverage for message‐passing programs and at the same time reduces the cost of testing significantly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于UML顺序图的面向对象软件簇级测试

提出了一种新的面向对象软件簇级测试方法,在UML顺序图的基础上,首先从＊．MDL文档中提取出类间的交互信息;其次利用程序插桩技术从源代码中提取程序运行时类间的交互信息;最后将二者进行对比,验证源代码中类间信息交互是否正确。并通过实例对该方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证。     

基于UML活动图模型生成测试场景的设计

文章旨在研究运用可视化面向对象建模技术UML中的活动图生成测试场景方法和依据场景进行测试用例自动生成的方法。这种方法不仅适合于软件系统的测试,同时也适用于软件设计阶段的对软件需求和设计模型的测试和验证。文中首先确定一系列覆盖准则,根据准则制定活动图的一般处理思路,然后针对活动图中并发结构、对象流、信号流提出相应处理方法,最后反推出作图的一些假定条件,以及在场景基础上生成测试用例的一些设计构想。     

System testing for object‐oriented systems with test case prioritization

This paper presents an approach to generate test cases from UML 2.0 sequence diagrams and subsequently prioritize those test cases using model information encapsulated in the sequence diagrams. The test cases generated according to the proposed approach satisfy the scenario coverage criterion and are suitable for system‐level testing. For prioritizing test cases, three different prioritization metrics are proposed. The values of these prioritization metrics can be analytically computed from the model information only. This paper also presents an approach to generate test data using a concept called rule‐based matrix. The prioritization metrics are used to control the number of test data without compromising the test adequacy. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been verified using two industrial designs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于有限状态进程的事件约束定义

测试分布式程序需要定义事件约束来检测程序执行产生的事件序列.事件约束需要根据程序的规约来推导.FSP是一类描述并发程序形式化规约的进程代数记法.它将并发进程描述为动作序列,其中动作可对应到规约级事件.E-CSPE约束在给定状态谓词下定义前后运行事件间的顺序关系.根据FSP的操作符和并发控制机制可推导E-CSPE约束.推导出来的E-CSPE约束考虑到并发程序的安全和进展属性,可据以判断程序运行的正确性和测试的充分性.     

A systematic review of approaches for testing concurrent programs

Concurrent programs are replacing the sequential programs as they utilize the true capabilities of multicore architecture. The extensive use of multicore systems and multithreaded paradigms warrants more attention to the testing of the concurrent programs. The testing concurrent program is not a new field as it has been more than 40 years because the first problem related to the testing concurrent program was addressed by the researchers. The field covers various domains, which include concurrency problems, testing approaches, techniques, graphical representations, tools, and subject systems. This paper aims at providing an overview of research in the domain of testing concurrent programs by classifying it into eight categories: (a) reachability testing, (b) structural testing, (c) model‐based testing, (d) mutation‐based testing, (e) slicing‐based testing, (f) formal methods, (g) random testing, and (h) search‐based testing. The survey is focused on the techniques applied, methodologies followed, and tools used in these aforementioned approaches. Furthermore, the gaps are also identified in different approaches. The paper concludes with the consolidation of various testing parameters along with the future directions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CMuJava: 一个面向Java程序并发变异体生成系统

并发程序由多个共享存储空间并发执行的流程组成.由于流程之间执行次序的不确定性,使得并发软件系统的测试比较困难.变异测试是一种基于故障的软件测试技术,广泛用于评估测试用例集的充分性和测试技术的有效性.将变异测试应用于并发程序的一个关键问题是,如何高效地生成大量的模拟并发故障的变异体集合.给出了一种并发程序的变异测试框架,...     

基于UML的软件测试自动化研究

测试自动化是提高软件测试效率的重要途径。随着UML的广泛应用,基于UML模型的测试逐渐成为面向对象软件测试的研究热点。在总结研究现状的基础上,详细论述了基于UML模型的软件测试用例自动生成、自动执行以及结果自动比较的过程,对其中的主要问题进行了理论分析,并提出了实现方法。     

面向对象建模技术的研究与应用

面向对象建模技术有利于从全局的角度对系统加以设计。该文在明确面向对象建模技术重要性的基础上,分析了面向对象建模的技术基础,并以社会保险管理系统为案例,探讨了面向对象建模技术的应用,涉及到对象及候选类的确定、用例图及类图的设计等。该文对相关系统的面向对象建模应用提供了一定的借鉴作用。     

Distributed reachability testing of concurrent programs

Reachability testing is an approach to verifying concurrent programs. During reachability testing, every partially ordered synchronization sequence of a program with a given input is exercised exactly once. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a distributed reachability testing algorithm for a cluster of workstations. This algorithm allows different test sequences to be exercised concurrently by different workstations without any synchronization, and without any duplication of sequences among workstations. Dynamic load balancing is performed using a work‐stealing scheme. A novel aspect of this scheme is that work‐stealing requests progress in rounds. This round‐based structure identifies overloaded workstations to target for work stealing. Empirical studies show good speedup for four benchmark Java programs and one Lotos specification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

并发面向对象程序设计语言研究与进展

随着面向对象程序设计的普及和对并发应用程序需求的增加，并发面向对象程序设计语言的设计日益成为研究热点。     

扩展UML活动图在工作流建模中的应用*

针对UML对数据和信息流描述缺乏充分表达业务工作流程的问题,借助新创建的活动图,提出了基于扩展UML活动图的工作流过程建模方法。应用实例表明,扩展的UML活动图对工作流程的语义表达更丰富,更准确地描述工作流建模所需表达的内容,以满足工作流过程建模的要求。     

Semantics and Verification of Data Flow in UML 2.0 Activities

One of the major changes in going from UML 1.5 to UML 2.0 is the reengineering of activity diagrams. This paper examines activity diagramies as described in the current version of the UML 2.0 standard by defining a denotational semantics. It covers basic control flow and data flow, but excludes hierarchy, expansion nodes, and exception handling (see [Störrle, H., Semantics of Control-Flow in UML 2.0 Activities, in: P. Bottoni, C. Hundhausen, S. Levialdi and G. Tortora, editors, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) (2004), pp. 235–242, Störrle, H., Semantics of Exceptions in UML 2.0 Activities (2004), submitted to Journal of Software and Systems Modeling, May, 9^th, available at www.pst.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/~stoerrle, Störrle, H., Semantics of Expansion Nodes in UML 2.0 Activities, in: I. Porres, editor, Proc. 2^nd Nordic Ws. on UML, Modeling, Methods and Tools (NWUML'04), 2004] for these issues). The paper shows, where the constructs proposed in the standard are not so easily formalized, and how the formalisation may be used for formal analysis.     

基于UML的面向对象软件静态测试方法的研究

测试用例的数量和质量决定软件测试的成本和有效性。文中提出了一种基于UML面向对象软件静态测试的方法,论述了软件测试方法的分类、静态分析方法的基本测试框架及具体实现流程。针对面向对象软件的特点,静态测试主要是通过分析源程序得到类关系图,使测试人员能快速而清晰地了解程序结构,有效地设计测试用例。探讨了在对源程序进行充分的词法分析与语法分析的基础上,提取程序中类的有关信息,利用了数据库技术和UML图形模型,从而保证了分析结果的准确有效和标准化。     

基于UML的研究生管理系统测试策略研究

统一建模语言UML是一种描述能力强大并且涵义直观的标准建模语言。本文在介绍使用统一建模语言(UML)的各种模型图进行系统框架设计的基础上,分析了对应于不同模型图,在软件测试中相应的测试策略,最后讨论了未来可以研究的方向。     

基于UML状态图的软件测试充分性准则研究

文中详细讨论了一组基于UML状态图的软件测试充分性准则。在软件测试时,还没有测试充分性准则明确定义循环应该被执行多少次,而循环只被执行一次是很不充分的。针对这种情况,在现有测试准则的基础上提出了两种扩展的基于UML状态图测试的充分性准则：ZOT-R循环覆盖准则和全ZOT-R路径覆盖准则,丰富并完善了现有的测试准则体系。并且通过结合一个具体实例给出了这些覆盖准则在具体测试实践中的应用方法,探讨了这些覆盖准则之间的包含关系。