Preparation of hydrophilic mesoporous carbon and its application in dye adsorption

A hydrophilic mesoporous carbon (H-MS) has been prepared by a rapid redox reaction between mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) and an acidic potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution at room temperature. The obtained material has a hydrophilic surface by the modification of oxygen-containing groups, and meanwhile retains the ordered mesoporous structure. No obvious difference of pore size between H-MS and CMK-3, and the slight decrease of surface area and pore volume is due to the modification of oxygen-containing groups on the carbon surface. An improved property for adsorbing dyes in aqueous solution was observed in H-MC, and the adsorption amount at equilibrium is ~ 3 times higher than that of CMK-3.     

炭基生物增效材料的制备及其在印染废水处理中的应用研究

目的:探讨炭基生物增效材料提高印染废水中化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮去除率的深度机理。方法:(1)通过正交实验,确定构建炭基生物增效材料的最佳配比;(2)通过中试实验,并与同期某印染污水处理厂使用生物活性炭法对水质的处理效果做对比。结果:炭基生物增效材料对废水中化学需氧量的去除率达到了80%、氨氮的去除率达到了96%、总氮的去除率达到了50%以上,优于生物活性炭法对印染废水的处理效果。结论:炭基生物增效材料加入活性污泥系统之后,在材料表面负载了一定厚度的生物膜,产生了氧梯度,形成了吸附-生物降解-再吸附的生物增效循环系统,极大的改善了微生物的生存和繁殖环境。因此,炭基生物增效材料的投加对印染废水中主要污染物的去除率有明显的提升效果,具有良好的实际应用前景。     

生物活性炭纤维的制备及其水处理

用活性炭纤维（ACF）代替传统生物活性炭法（BAC）中的颗粒活性炭（GAC），探索生物活性炭纤维（BACF）的水处理技术。首先考察了活性炭纤维的自然挂膜性能，肯定了ACF的可挂膜性。而后采用两种人工挂膜：活性污泥上清液（sL）挂膜和菌液（ML）挂膜，得到两种BACF：SL-BACF和ML-BACF。用扫描电镜研究微生物在ACF上生长情况，并采用形成的BACF处理微污染原水。结果表明：BACF去除有机污染物效果好，明显优于BAC技术。出水高锰酸盐法化学需氧量（CODMn）指标符合国家饮用水标准，水质稳定。比较两种人工挂膜形成的BACF，发现ML-BACF中的微生物量少于SL-BACF，但出水效果和处理量则优于SL-BACF。     

Effect of activated carbon fiber anode structure and electrolysis conditions on electrochemical degradation of dye wastewater

The alizarin red S (ARS) in simulated dye wastewater was electrochemically oxidized using an activated carbon fiber (ACF) felt as an anode. The influence of electrolytic conditions and anode structure on the dye degradation was investigated. The results indicated that initial pH, current density and supporting electrolyte type all played an important role in the dye degradation. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of dye solution in neutral or alkaline medium was about 74% after 60 min of electrolysis, which was higher than that in acidic medium. Increasing current density would lead to a corresponding increase in the dye removal. The addition of NaCl could also improve the treatment effect by enhancing the COD removal efficiency 10.3%. For ACF anodes, larger specific surface area and higher mesopore percentage could ensure more effective electrochemical degradation of dye. The data showed that the color removal efficiency increased from 54.2 to 83.9% with the specific surface area of ACF anodes increasing correspondingly from 894 to 1,682 m(2)/g.     

生物纳米复合材料的合成及其在污水处理中的应用

物理、化学和生物等传统污水处理的方法在处理效能、人体健康和环境保护等方面仍有诸多不足之处,而利用生物纳米复合材料可有效解决上述传统污水处理方法存在的问题,是在污水处理中具有巨大应用前景的新型材料.本综述阐述了生物纳米复合材料的合成机制,剖析了生物纳米复合材料进行水处理的吸附、光催化、抗菌机制及其在水中重金属、有机染料、...     

Preparation and application of porous activated carbon using phenolic distillation residue

Journal of Materials Science - Porous carbons (PCs) have been prepared by using the heavy fraction of phenolic distillation residue as raw materials, and it used a carbonize-activated one-step...     

疏浚底泥活化吸附剂的制备及其吸附铜离子研究

通过"碱溶-活化-水热"三者联用在低于100℃,制备出从微孔到大孔的宽范围粒径分布,表面富集合氧基团、孔隙发达的多孔吸附剂.将其用于水体铜离子的吸附,最佳吸附时间为180min;吸附剂在弱酸至碱性条件下的吸附能力较强.当铜离子溶液pH接近中性时,该吸附剂对铜离子的去除率达98.97％.铜离子溶液pH大于6时,几乎可全部...     

细菌纤维素负载TiO2复合材料的制备及其在印染废水处理方面的应用

利用细菌纤维素超细高强的特点,原位制备细菌纤维素/TiO2纳米复合材料,并对其表面化学组成和微观结构进行表征。利用细菌纤维素负载TiO2纳米粒子用于染料废水的处理,具有处理效果好、可以多次反复使用等优点。结果表明:紫外光催化降解后,复合材料对甲基橙溶液的降解率可达到100%。重复4次降解后,最大降解率仍有51.8%。     

活性炭在三维电极法处理染料废水中的应用

采用活性炭作为自制三维电极反应器中的第三极，并用此电极反应器对甲基橙模拟染料废水的降解进行了实验研究。重点讨论了电压、电解质浓度以及溶液pH等因素对CODCr去除率和甲基橙去除率的影响。研究结果表明：活性炭作为第三极的三维电极反应器对甲基橙模拟染料废水进行降解，甲基橙浓度去除率到达90％，CODCR去除率达到80％。并由此展望了活性炭在三维电极处理染料废水的应用前景。     

Experimental investigation of phenolic wastewater treatment using combined activated carbon and UV processes

Experimental investigation shows that UV/hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) oxidation of a more concentrated phenolic wastewater can lead to economical savings. The savings can be achieved by the lower amount of H₂O₂ required and time needed to treat the wastewater. Phenolic wastewater can be concentrated by treating the bulk wastewater with activated carbon. The concentrated wastewater that is generated from activated carbon regeneration (assumed to be fully regenerated by steam) can then be treated with UV/H₂O₂. Experimental results show that H₂O₂ concentration goes through an optimum value where adding any more H₂O₂ will result in less effective removal of contaminants. Conductivity of treated wastewater increases sharply then drops down. This could be attributed to the presence of high molecular compounds, inorganic acids, and OH radicals.     

竹质中孔活性炭的制备及其吸附性能研究

以毛竹废料为原料通过磷酸活化法制备了具有较高比表面积并含有大量中孔的活性炭.讨论了磷酸浓度、浸渍温度、浸渍时间、活化温度及活化时间对活性炭性质的影响.在以80%磷酸于80℃下浸渍原料9d,500℃下活化4h的条件下所得活性炭的中孔体积最大,其数值为0.67cm3/g,比表面积为1567m2/g,中孔比例达47.18%.实验测定了CH4,N2,O2和CO2在该活性炭上的298K吸附等温线.实验结果表明,该活性炭对二氧化碳的吸附能力明显优于CH4、O2和N2,是适用于CO2/N2、CO2/O2、CO2/空气气体混合物中CO2吸附分离的优良吸附剂.     

茶籽壳质活性炭的制备及其电化学性能

以茶籽壳为原料,以K2CO3作为活化剂,制备了新型活性炭。用氮气吸脱附法对活性炭的孔结构进行了分析。以活性炭为电极材料,6mol/L KOH溶液为电解液组装成超级电容器,利用恒电流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等电化学测试方法研究其电化学性能。结果表明,活化后的茶籽壳炭,其比表面积高达1272m2/g,比电容高达150F/g,研究表明茶籽壳活性炭适用于超级电容器的电极活性材料。     

Multifunctional microsized modified kaolin and its application in wastewater treatment

The multifunctional microsized ZnO-PO(4)(3-)-modified kaolin of average diameter about 500nm with the composition Na(2)O:ZnO:Na(3)PO(4):SiO(2):Al(2)O(3)=2.5-8.5:0.04-0.65:0.8-4.5:1.5-2.5:1 (molar ratio) were firstly synthesized from ZnO, Na(3)PO(4), NaOH and kaolin and characterized by standard techniques, its application in oilfield produced wastewater purification was also studied. It was found that the physical properties of ZnO-PO(4)(3-)-modified kaolin such as specific surface area, porous volume and pore diameter increased independently compared to the starting kaolin. It was also found that the prepared kaolin has multifunctional properties to decrease COD and BOD value, remove scaling ion (Fe(n+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)), improve MF, decrease bacteria and inhibit corrosion and can be used effectively in oilfield wastewater purification.     

热致相分离法高性能聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜先进制备技术及应用

膜分离技术已经成为国际上市政污水和工业废水处理的核心技术。十年来清华大学化学工程系在先进膜材料制备及应用技术研究上开展了大量工作,以膜材料配方设计、膜材料先进制造、膜组件设计与应用为主线,突破多个技术难题和瓶颈,实现了热致相分离（TIPS）法高性能聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）中空纤维膜的工业化。首先,基于对TIPS法成膜过程的热力学及动力学研究,制备出具有大通量、高强度、亲水性好的PVDF微孔膜;接着,有机结合材料加工和单元操作,形成PVDF中空纤维膜先进制造技术;最后针对不同的工业环境和市政要求,开发出不同规格的高性能膜组件。研究成果表明TIPS法突破了传统非溶剂致相转化法的限制,可以作为市政污水和工业废水处理的首选膜材料制备技术。     

载Mn活性炭纤维的制备及性能研究

采用化学活化法制备载Mn活性炭纤维(ACF-Mn),考察了活化剂的浓度、活化时间对吸附性能的影响,利用XRD、SEM、EDX等手段描述了晶体结构,表面形貌和元素组成.结果表明,制备ACF-Mn的最佳工艺条件为:活化剂浓度2%,活化温度700℃,活化时间80min,ACF-Mn的碘吸附值和碱性官能团含量分别为905mg·g-1和83mmol·g-1,得率为88%,担载Mn的质量百分比为2.26%,原子百分比为0.28%.ACF-Mn为乱层石墨微晶结构,微晶尺寸较小,有利于微孔形成,处理后的纤维表面粗糙度和碱性官能团含量明显增大,提高了ACF的吸附性能.     

Removal of toxic chromium from wastewater using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon

Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal of toxic chromium ions from wastewater. In this study, the batch removal of toxic hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution, saline water and wastewater using marine dried green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated. Activated carbon prepared from U. lactuca by acid decomposition was also used for the removal of chromium from aqueous solution, saline water and wastewater. The chromium uptake was dependent on the initial pH and the initial chromium concentration, with pH approximately 1.0, being the optimum pH value. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models were fitted well the equilibrium data for both sorbents. The maximum efficiencies of chromium removal were 92 and 98% for U. lactuca and its activated carbon, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 10.61 and 112.36 mg g(-1) for dried green alga and activated carbon developed from it, respectively. The adsorption capacities of U. lactuca and its activated carbon were independent on the type of solution containing toxic chromium and the efficiency of removal was not affected by the replacing of aqueous solution by saline water or wastewater containing the same chromium concentration. Two hours were necessary to reach the sorption equilibrium. The chromium uptake by U. lactuca and its activated carbon form were best described by pseudo second-order rate model. This study verifies the possibility of using inactivated marine green alga U. lactuca and its activated carbon as valuable material for the removal of chromium from aqueous solutions, saline water or wastewater.     

Development of adsorptive removal process for treatment of explosives contaminated wastewater using activated carbon

The adsorption characteristics of nitro-organics such as trinitro-toluene (TNT), dinitro-toluene (DNT) and nitrobenzene (NB) on granular activated carbon (GAC) were studied to understand their dynamic adsorption behaviour for dilute aqueous solutions. A model was developed to predict the dynamics of the adsorption process and the effect of various design and operating parameters on adsorption characteristics. The model predictions would provide inputs to design of bench scale and pilot plant scale experiments.Section 2 of the paper describes the assumptions, predictions, development of the model and its validation with experimental data generated during bench scale and pilot plant trials. Section 3 presents the breakthrough characteristics obtained by conducting experimental runs for GAC of different surface areas from 650 to 1500 m(2)/g, hydraulic loading rates (HLR) ranging between 12 and 24 m(3)/h/m(2), feed concentrations from 50 to 130 mg/l and bed heights between 300 and 1000 mm for TNT, DNT and NB solutions. The effect of these independent parameters on the breakthrough time, adsorption capacity and the minimum concentration achieved in the effluent was studied and the results obtained are presented in this paper. These indicate that the adsorption capacity goes though a maximum when studied as a function of HLR and feed concentration. The adsorption capacity per unit surface area also shows a maximum around 1000 m(2)/g. The minimum bed height required for meeting environmental effluent discharge limit of 1 ppm was experimentally found to be about 800 mm. These results compare well with the predictions based on the model developed for column adsorption process. Data from these experimental runs and the model predictions have been used to optimise various parameters for the design of a pilot plant unit with 200 l per hour capacity.     

PAN基活性炭纳米纤维的制备及其对金的吸附研究

采用静电纺丝技术,制备了聚丙烯腈纳米纤维,并以聚丙烯腈纳米纤维为前驱体,制备了PAN基活性炭纳米纤维,并对PAN基活性炭纳米纤维吸附金的性能进行了初步研究,取得了令人满意的结果。