掺钕双频微片激光器功率均衡实验研究

为了探究掺钕晶体对激光器功率均衡机制的影响 ,实验对不同参数的掺钕晶体双频微片激光器进行了功率均衡实 验研究。在实验中,通过改变抽运功率和调节热沉温度等手段,研究了双频微片激光器功率 在均衡状态时,热沉温度、 抽运功率和双频激光功率积等参数之间的关系。研究结果表明:对于功率均衡的掺钕双频微 片激光器,当抽运功率增加 时,热沉温度随之降低且与之呈负相关,需要降低热沉温度以实现双频激光的功率重新均衡 ;重新均衡后的双频激光波 长与频差不随抽运功率的变化而变化;功率均衡的双频激光功率积随抽运功率的增大而增大 ,且呈正相关。此结果说明 对于不同参数的掺钕晶体双频微片激光器,均可通过改变抽运功率和热沉温度可以实现功率 可调的功率均衡的双频激光 信号输出。这种输出功率可调谐的双频微片激光器在光生毫米波等领域有较大用途。     

频差可变的双纵模双频微片激光器的研究

提出了一种能产生双纵模的双频微片激光器。理论分析了微片激光器纵模生成的原理,并且通过实验实现了微片激光器的双频双纵模输出。实验结果表明,通过调节泵浦电流LD的大小,频差在一定范围内变化;当抽运电流为14.5A时,得到稳定的双频激光输出,相应的频差为85GHz;继续增加抽运电流,频差将逐渐减小,当抽运电流为19.5A时,相应的频差为53GHz。本文的双频激光器在光生毫米波领域有很大用处。     

双频微片激光器的功率均衡机制实验研究

为了研究双频Nd:YVO₄微片激光器的功率均衡机制,利用实验研究分析了微片激光器的抽运电流、工作温度和谐振波长等参量之间关系。不断增大双频激光器抽运电流,通过降低晶体温度不断重新实现双频激光功率的均衡,最终获得了不同抽运电流下的双频激光器的功率均衡温度,以及双频功率积与抽运电流的关系数据。结果表明,双频激光信号功率均衡温度与抽运电流呈分段负相关,双频功率积与抽运电流呈正相关。此结果说明通过改变抽运电流和温控温度可以实现功率可调的功率均衡的双频激光信号输出。     

Nd∶YVO_4双频微片激光器的模式竞争研究

研究了双纵模双频微片激光器两模式之间的竞争效应,确定了在具有不同反射率输出镜的双频激光器腔内,模式之间的自饱和与交叉饱和系数的量值。在研究过程中,待定自饱和系数β与交叉饱和系数θ,建立双频微片激光器的耦合速率方程,仿真获得具有不同反射率输出镜的双频激光器输出相对功率并绘制其包络曲线。在实验中,通过改变激光器的腔参数获得双频激光的输出功率图谱,对比仿真得到的功率包络曲线来确定自饱和系数和交叉饱和系数。结果表明,当输出镜反射率分别为86%,81%,61%时,对应的自饱和系数分别约为0.68,0.66,0.52。即当双频激光腔输出镜反射率较小时,双纵模模式竞争较强;反之,模式竞争较弱。为获取较大频差双频激光输出,应采用反射率较高的输出镜。     

双频Nd:YVO4微片激光器功率均衡研究

根据微片激光器工作温度、增益介质发射谱和谐 振波长三者的关系,研究了双频Nd:YVO₄微腔激光 器的功率均衡机制。在实验中,通过温控调节双频激光波长和发射谱的相对漂移,实现了双 频激光的相对 功率可调。实验结果表明,当激光器温度在2.5～22.5℃范围增加时 ,双频激光的右峰/左峰相对功率比从 6.471变化到0.028;当温控在9. 1℃时,双频 激光的相对功率比约为1.00∶1.00,实现了功率均衡;当温控在 7.5℃时,双频激光的相对功率比为1.89∶1.00,此时双频激光的功率乘积最大,可实现最高拍频效率。     

Nd…GdVO_4和Nd…YVO_4晶体发射截面谱及微片激光器光谱的实验研究

实验研究了Nd…GdVO_4和Nd…YVO_4晶体发射截面谱的温度特性,并根据发射截面谱与激光波长的对应关系,进一步研究了温度对Nd…GdVO_4和Nd…YVO_4双频微片激光器输出光谱的影响。实验结果表明,在所研究的温度范围内,随着温度的升高,Nd…GdVO_4和Nd…YVO_4晶体发射截面谱的中心波长发生红移、峰值下降,且均与温度呈准线性关系;对应的双频微片激光器波长也随温度升高呈现线性红移,但双频频差保持不变;在晶体发射截面谱和激光波长的共同红移作用下,双频激光分量的功率均衡度发生变化。     

新型大频差可调谐双频激光器

提出了一种新型大频差可调谐及双频激光器。利用LD端面泵浦Nd:YAG微片，将液体压强通过传递膜片加到晶体径向上，由于应力双折射效应，此微片激光器纵模发生分裂产生频差，理论分析和实验表明，此频差与施加的压强成正比关系，通过改变压强即可实现频差调谐。实验中获得了良好的频差与所加压强的线性调谐关系，并得到了约3.4GHz的巨大频差。     

微片激光器的最新研究进展

微片激光器由于其结构简单紧凑、相干长度长、易实现高亮度的单纵模单频输出,因此成为固体激光器研究领域的热点之一.简要介绍了微片激光器的技术特点及应用,重点介绍了国内外各种微片激光器的最新研究成果及其应用,分析了影响微片激光器发展的因素,并对微片激光器今后的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Nd:YVO_4双频微片激光器的热致频差调谐实验研究

实验研究了基于Nd…YVO4晶体的亚太赫兹(sub-THz)双频微片激光器(DFL)的热效应及其对输出激光信号频差的影响。在实验中,通过改变DFL的温度,实现了激光信号频差的调谐。实验结果表明,在一定温度范围内,DFL的激光信号频差随激光器温度的升高呈线性增长,以此可实现频差的温度调谐。     

Nd:YAG微片激光器角漂移研究

角漂移是微片激光器使用和优化设计的重要参数,但有关此类数据报道较少。基于四象限探测器和LabVIEW开发环境设计了一套测量激光器角漂移的测量系统。实现了对Nd…YAG微片激光器的角漂移的实时显示、读取和保存。测量了微片激光器激光指向角漂移的量级及变化规律,为微片激光器的使用和优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks