Kinetics and texture of recrystallization in aluminum alloy sheets of different thicknesses

Methods of x-ray diffraction analysis are used to study the kinetics of primary recrystallization and the degree of perfection of the formed texture in alloys AMg6 and 1570 in relation to the thickness of the sheets. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 3, pp. 8–10, March, 1997.     

激光超快速加热下冷轧Cu30%Zn合金的再结晶织构

加热速度对冷变形金属的再结晶织构具有很大影响。利用激光超快速加热方法对冷轧Ｃｕ３０ ％ Ｚｎ 合金进行了再结晶处理。实验结果表明, 其织构转变过程与普通加热时差别很大。对于冷轧７０ ％ 和８５ ％ 的样品, 完全再结晶时的织构均很漫散, 伴随着再结晶晶粒长大, 两种样品中的织构特征仍然保持漫散趋势。     

冷加工态Ti6Al4V合金的回复和再结晶行为研究

对冷拉拔变形量为60%的钛合金进行700～880℃,1～240min再结晶退火,利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电镜等手段分析不同状态下的组织演变、织构组成和位错组态。结果表明:冷变形后的Ti6Al4V合金经完全再结晶后α晶粒呈等轴状,β相在α相周围以条状沿α晶界析出或以小晶粒形式存在。计算表明,经60%冷变形量的钛合金再结晶激活能为107kJ/mol,较相同变形量的纯钛再结晶激活能高约50%。钛合金的再结晶分为回复、形核和晶核长大阶段,包括位错胞向亚晶转变、回复亚晶通过合并或长大形核、形核诱导高角度晶界形成而长大成新晶粒。经过冷拉拔后的丝材,存在着较强的100织构,而在再结晶过程中,沿100方向上产生的回复亚晶优先形核并长大形成新的晶粒。这导致在初始再结晶阶段,再结晶织构与冷变形织构取向一致,而在晶粒长大阶段,原先取向不利的晶粒吞并周围小晶粒长大,形成新的织构组元使原来的织构被弱化。     

涂层导体用Ni9W合金基带再结晶及强立方织构的形成研究

采用X射线四环衍射技术对比分析了通过冷轧和轧制中间热处理制备的2种Ni-9.3at%W(Ni9W)合金基带的轧制织构和再结晶织构,研究了不同Ni9W合金基带在热处理过程中轧制织构向再结晶织构的演变。其次,采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术对以上2种Ni9W合金基带的微观组织和立方织构进行了表征。结果表明,与传统冷轧Ni9W合金基带的轧制织构相比,经轧制中间热处理后其轧制织构中S取向和Copper取向的含量增加、Brass取向的含量减少,使其轧制织构的类型介于Brass型轧制织构与Copper型轧制织构之间。2种Ni9W合金基带经低温回复后,其轧制织构含量均有一定的增加;另外,再结晶过程中轧制织构的含量均迅速降低,但立方取向的含量并没有明显增加,而是出现大量的随机取向,Ni9W的再结晶具有了连续再结晶的特征,这也是导致Ni9W合金基带较难形成立方织构的一个主要原因。虽然经过轧制中间热处理后Ni9W合金基带在初始再结晶完成后并没有形成一定强度的立方织构,但其立方取向的含量仍然能在进一步热处理过程中通过立方取向晶粒的长大而得到加强。最后,采用轧制中间热处理制备的Ni9W合金基带经两步高温热处理后其立方织构的含量达到84.5%(15°)。     

TA15钛合金动态再结晶晶粒生长模型

从理论上分析TA15钛合金动态再结晶晶粒生长驱动力,提出动态再结晶晶粒生长等效反驱动力的概念。基于动态再结晶晶粒生长驱动力,建立（描述动态再结晶晶粒尺寸演变）的晶粒生长速率模型及晶粒尺寸模型。以TA15钛合金动态再结晶晶粒尺寸实验测定数据为例,采用遗传算法(GA)优化尺寸模型参数。结果表明,模型计算结果与实验数据能够达到较好的吻合,平均误差为7.4%。     

Microstructure Development during Extrusion of Mechanically Alloyed Powder

ＭｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｄｕｒｉｎｇＥｘｔｒｕｓｉｏｎｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｌｙＡｌｌｏｙｅｄＰｏｗｄｅｒＳｈａＷｅｉ（沙维）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｉｖｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＴｈｅＱｕｅｅｎ’ｓＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

Fatigue of a fine-grained high-strength Al-6Mg-Sc alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing

Room-temperature mechanical properties of a fine-grained high-strength Al-6Mg-Sc alloy 1570 produced by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) have been studied. The alloy was deformed to a true degree of deformation ? ～ 8 at a temperature of 325°C. The average size and the volume fraction of new small grains after ECAP were 1.2 μm and 0.7, respectively. It is shown that the formation of a submicrocrystalline structure makes it possible to increase the yield strength and endurance limit of the alloy 1570 with respect to the microcrystalline and coarse-grained states with small loss in plasticity. The influence of the microstructure which is formed in the process of ECAP on the behavior of the material upon high-cycle fatigue is discussed.     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

镍基690合金的动态再结晶行为研究

通过热物理模拟实验研究了690合金在热变形过程中的再结晶行为,使用定量金相的方法建立了690合金的再结晶图。结果表明:热变形过程中690合金发生明显的动态再结晶行为,变形参数对690合金热变形后的显微组织具有重要影响;应变速率为1s-1是非常重要的应变速率临界点,在该临界点进行热变形时动态再结晶程度最小;所建立的再结晶图能够对690合金的热加工成形工艺参数的制定提供重要依据。     

同时添加钪、锆对Al-10Mg合金再结晶机制的影响

利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了Al-10Mg及Al-10Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Zr合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶机制。结果表明：同时添加Sc、Zr能够明显细化Al-10Mg合金的铸态晶粒,热处理后,Sc、Zr能够形成与α-Al基体共格的Al₃(Sc,Zr) 相,这些沉淀相能够提高合金的热变形抗力;在变形过程中,Al₃(Sc,Zr)相能够钉扎位错运动、降低晶界及变形带处的位错密度,使位错在沉淀相周围聚集,因而改变了Al-10Mg合金内部位错增殖与湮灭的过程、进而使Al-10Mg合金动态再结晶方式由不连续动态再结晶(DDRX)转变为连续动态再结晶(CDRX)。     

热挤压态FGH95合金的动态再结晶机制研究

针对热挤压态FGH95合金进行变形温度为1050~1120 ℃、变形量为50%和70%、应变速率为10?4~1 s?1的热压缩试验,研究该合金动态再结晶（DRX）的组织演变和形核机制。结果表明:提高变形温度和降低应变速率可以促进小角度晶界向大角度晶界迁移,有利于动态再结晶晶粒的长大;变形温度和变形量对热挤压态FGH95合金的动态再结晶机理的影响不明显,而应变速率对动态再结晶机制影响较大;随着应变速率的增加,热挤压态FGH95合金由不连续动态再结晶机制逐渐转变为连续动态再结晶机制;热挤压态FGH95合金的动态再结晶以不连续动态再结晶形核机制为主,以连续动态再结晶形核机制为辅;在1050 ℃、1 s?1变形条件下,热挤压态FGH95合金发生连续动态再结晶形核。     

Effect of Sc and Zr on recrystallization behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy

The static recrystallization behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy containing Al₃(Sc,Zr) phase prepared by casting and the relationship between recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties were studied. The addition of Sc and Zr made the Sc–Zr–7075 aluminum alloy remain the most of fibrous structure and high-density dislocations formed in the extrusion process, resulting in the recrystallization fraction of the alloy decreasing from 35% to 22%, and the corresponding fraction of substructure increasing from 59% to 67%. The Sc and Zr effectively inhibited the recrystallization behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy mainly, which was attributed to the fact that the existence of fine and coherent Al₃(Sc,Zr) phase (r = 35 nm, f = 1.8×10⁻³) strongly pined the dislocations and grain boundaries, preventing the dislocations from rearranging into sub-grain boundaries and from developing into high angle grain boundaries, and further hindering the formation and growth of recrystallized core of the alloy.     

Static softening behaviors of 7055 alloy during the interval time of multi-pass hot compression

Multipass plain strain compression test of 7055 alloy was carried out on Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator to study the effect of interval time on static softening behavior between two passes. Microstructural features of the alloy deformed with delay times varying from 0 to 180 s after achieving a reduction of ～52 % in the 13 stages was investigated through TEM and EBSD observations. The 14th pass of peak stresses after different delay times were gained. The peak stress decreases with the interstage delay time increasing, but the decreasing trend is gradually slower. Static recovery, metadynamic recrystallization, and/or static recrystallization can be found in the alloy during two passes. The recovery and recrystallization degree increases with longer interstage delay time. The static recovery is the main softening mechanism. Subgrain coalescence and subgrain growth together with particle-stimulated nucleation are the main nucleation mechanisms for static recrystallization.     

Al-Mg-Si 合金的高温流变过程动态再结晶研究

采用热力模拟试验机对Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度300～500 ℃、变形速率0.001～10 s-1下材料的动态再结晶行为。实验得到Al 0.83Mg 0.59Si合金在300～500 ℃变形时,软化机制以动态再结晶为主;流变应力会随着变形温度的降低和变形速率的升高而升高,较低变形速率下,动态再结晶行为更充分,应力软化现象更明显。统计实验所得流变应力曲线数据,建立了热变形本构方程,确定了合金热变形激活能Q为480.243 kJ/mol 。基于加工硬化率曲线,建立了其动态再结晶临界应变模型。结果表明,Al-0.83Mg-0.59Si铝合金的流变应力随温度的升高和变形速率的降低而降低,动态再结晶是其主要的软化机制。临界应力与峰值应力存在线性关系：σc=0.85σp-5.061 58。引入Zener Hollomon参数来描述变形条件对临界条件的影响,得到临界应变与Z参数的关系为：εc=0.000 134Z0.051 64。     

Microstructure Development during Extrusion of Mechanically Alloyed Powder

ＭｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｄｕｒｉｎｇＥｘｔｒｕｓｉｏｎｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｙＡｌｏｙｅｄＰｏｗｄｅｒＳｈａＷｅｉ（沙维）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｔｎｏｆＣｉｖｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＴｈｅＱｕｅｅｎ′ｓＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏ...     

ZL270LF铝合金的热变形行为与组织演变

通过热压缩实验研究了ZL270LF铝合金在变形量为70%,温度为300~550 ℃,应变速率为 0.01~10 s^-1范围的热变形行为,建立了流变应力本构方程模型,绘制出了二维热加工图,确定了最佳热加工区域,采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）技术研究了该合金的组织演变规律。结果表明：ZL270LF铝合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,热变形激活能为309.05 kJ/mol,最优热加工区为温度470~530 ℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s^-1。该合金在热变形过程中存在3种不同的DRX机制,即连续动态再结晶（CDRX）、不连续动态再结晶（DDRX）和几何动态再结晶（GDRX）,其中CDRX是ZL270LF铝合金动态再结晶的主要机制。     

Annealing behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling

The recrystallization and grain growth behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets with a deformation microstructure, obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling, was investigated at different stages of annealing. The basal texture was significantly weakened as a result of the formation of new grains with a largely altered c-axis orientation relative to the initial basal orientation owing to discontinuous static recrystallization during primary recrystallization. The new grains nucleated mostly at the pre-existing grain boundaries rather than at the intersections of twins or within the twins. Subsequent grain growth led to further progression of the texture weakening accompanied by an enhancement in the basal pole inclination.     

微量Sc在Al—Mg合金中的作用

研究了微量Sc对Al-Mg合金显微组织与拉伸性能的影响,结果表明,微量Sc在Al-Mg合金中主要以初生Al3Sc和次生Al3Sc两种形式存在,初生Al3Sc是合金在凝固过程中形成的,可成为有效的非均质晶核,大大细化合金的铸态晶粒,次生Al3Sc是合金铸锭在工艺加热过程中析出的,有效地钉扎位错和亚晶界,稳定亚结构并强烈抑制合金的再结晶,具有亚结构强化和直接析出强化作用,因此,加入Sc后的Al-Mg合金的强度大大提高,并且表现出良好的强塑性配合。     

微量Er对高强铝合金组织与性能的影响

借助力学性能测试和光学金相（OM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）与能谱（EDS）的观察和分析，研究了微量Er对高强铝合金Al-6Zn-2Mg的力学性能、微观组织结构、时效硬化特性及再结晶行为的影响。结果表明：Er能非常显著地细化合金的晶粒组织，这是因为初生Al3Er作为非均质形核核心，能提高形核率，从而有效地细化晶粒；Er能够较大幅度地提高合金的拉伸力学性能，细晶强化与析出强化是合金的主要强化机制；Er可加快合金的时效进程，提高时效强化效果；同时，Er可以抑制合金再结晶，提高再结晶温度，这是由于细小的二次Al3Er质点钉扎位错和亚晶界而引起的。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P合金热变形行为及热加工图

采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu?Ni?Si?P合金在应变速率0.01~5?1、变形温度600~800°C条件下的高温变形行为进行了研究,得出了该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和本构方程。根据实验数据与热加工工艺参数构建了该合金的热加工图,利用热加工图对该合金在热变形过程中的热变形工艺参数进行了优化,并利用热加工图分析了该合金的高温组织变化。热变形过程中Cu?Ni?Si?P合金的流变应力随着变形温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的提高而增大,该合金的动态再结晶温度为700°C。该合金热变形过程中的热变形激活能Q为485.6 kJ/mol。通过分析合金在应变为0.3和0.5时的热加工图得出该合金的安全加工区域的温度为750~800°C,应变速率为0.01~0.1 s?1。通过合金热变形过程中高温显微组织的观察,其组织规律很好地符合热加工图所预测的组织规律。