采用沙漏挤压工艺制备超细晶材料

沙漏挤压是一种新的晶粒细化方法,通过挤压过程中产生的大塑性变形和动态再结晶而使晶粒得到细化,本文采用Zn-Al合金对这种工艺进行了初步研究,重点研究了变形量对沙漏挤压效果的影响,给出了显微组织变化和力学性能与超塑性能的变化的初步结果。实验结果表明：采用沙漏挤压能使材料获得等轴超细晶组织,材料性能得到很大的提高,并有助于实现高应变速率超塑性。     

变温等通道角挤压对Mg-Zn-Mn合金组织与性能的影响

对比研究了Mg-Zn-Mn合金在230℃恒温挤压与经230→210→190℃的降温挤压。发现降温挤压工艺在晶粒细化效果和提高材料硬度方面均强于恒温挤压工艺。基于此,采用降温挤压工艺进行了4道次挤压试验,各道次挤压温度分别为220、200、190、185℃。将挤压后的试样金相组织与原始未挤压试样作了对比分析,并对各道次样品进行了浸泡及拉伸试验,观察了降温等通道挤压对晶粒的细化作用及其对材料性能的影响。结果表明:经降温挤压之后,镁合金晶粒细化效果较好,挤压4道次后晶粒尺寸已接近亚微米级,组织均匀化效果明显。在力学性能改善的同时材料的耐腐蚀性能提高。     

ECAP对碳纳米管/AZ31复合材料显微组织的影响

采用碳纳米管孕育块铸造法制备了碳纳米管/AZ31镁基复合材料,并对其进行了等径角挤压实验.利用光学金相显微镜对它的显微组织进行了观察和分析,研究了等径角挤压变形工艺对复合材料显微组织的影响规律.结果表明:等径角挤压工艺可明显细化复合材料的晶粒组织;随着变形道次的增加,复合材料平均晶粒尺寸不断得到细化,组织更加均匀.     

TC4合金等径角挤压过程温度场的有限元分析

等径角挤压是一种能有效细化材料的微观组织、提高材料综合性能、改善难变形材料成形性的新技术.采用商用有限元软件DEFORM-3D的热力耦合分析技术,对TC4合金的等径角挤压工艺进行了数值模拟.着重探讨了温度、变形速度及润滑条件等工艺参数对挤压过程中坯料温度场的影响.模拟结果表明,在实验条件下,坯料主要变形阶段的变形温度保持在大约600℃,在此温度TCA合金等径角挤压后晶粒细化最佳,为工艺实验的进行提供了科学的依据.     

镁合金等通道转角挤压的研究进展

综述了等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术在镁合金上的研究进展,分析了ECAP挤压镁合金组织细化机制的研究现状,总结了模具结构和不同工艺参数对组织和性能的影响。内模角φ=90°时,晶粒细化效果最佳;沿Bc路径挤压后,试样具有最佳的显微组织;随着挤压道次增加,晶粒变的更加均匀细小,且合金强韧性逐步提高;挤压速度会影响晶粒分布的均匀性;随着挤压温度升高晶粒细化效果减弱,低温更易产生细小晶粒。最后,讨论了ECAP挤压对镁合金性能的影响,并对今后ECAP挤压镁合金的发展方向进行展望。     

连续变断面循环挤压与高压扭转对合金组织和性能影响的综述

论述了高压扭转工艺与连续变断面循环挤压法两种大塑性变形方法的工艺原理和工艺特点。并介绍了这两种方法在细化金属组织方面的应用。高压扭转工艺和连续变断面循环挤压都能明显细化晶粒,均是优化材料性能的有效途径。重点分析了连续变断面循环挤压过程中变形参数对材料组织及力学性能的影响。     

GCr15钢的等通道转角挤压组织细化

对GCr15钢的等通道转角挤压(ECAE)工艺及对晶粒的细化效果进行了实验研究.在温度为950℃、挤压速率为25 mm/s条件下,对该合金进行了等通道转角挤压.高温条件下,利用等通道转角技术实现了大块材GCr15钢材料的晶粒细化.研究发现,在热加工条件下,GCr15钢的原始粗大晶粒经一次挤压后均可以得到显著细化,但细化不均匀,仍有少量粗大晶粒存在.     

超细薄壁镁合金管挤压成形工艺及微观组织

对镁合金管件挤压成形工艺进行了实验研究,确定了其成形工艺参数.分析了镁合金管件在400℃挤压成形时微观组织的变化,挤压比(变形程度)对管件微观组织的影响.实验结果表明,热挤压加工可有效地细化镁合金的组织,随着挤压比的增大,挤压管件的晶粒明显变小.     

循环扩挤工艺挤压AZ80镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用循环扩挤(cyclic expansion-extrusion,CEE)变形工艺挤压AZ80镁合金并借助金相组织观察、拉伸性能测试和EBSD研究了多道次挤压对该合金的组织与性能影响。结果表明:AZ80镁合金经过CEE变形后,晶粒的尺寸随着挤压道次的增加而减小,4道次挤压后,晶粒尺寸细化至2μm,整体分布均匀且呈等轴晶,但是晶粒的细化程度并不是一直随挤压道次的增加而提高,2道次挤压后,随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒的细化程度减慢;镁合金CEE变形后的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均随挤压道次的增加而不断提高;CEE变形的细化机制是连续动态再结晶。     

AZ31镁合金的热模拟和挤压

采用Gleeble-1500D材料热模拟实验机、630T挤压机和金相显微镜研究了在塑性变形中挤压变形对AZ31镁合金管材微观组织的影响规律,在挤压之前对镁合金铸锭进行了均匀化处理.研究结果表明:AZ31镁合金热挤压时发生了动态再结晶,材料组织比铸态时细化;随挤压比的增大,晶粒细化程度增加,平均晶粒尺寸为19～37μm.     

Extrusion Upsetting Multiple Processing in Sandglass Die

The mechanical Properties of some alloys canbe improved When ultrafine microstrUcttires areobtained. Some materials appear some unusualproperties [l, 2] when grain sizes reach aboutnanoscale. Theoretic analysis and experimentalresults on superplasticity show that the ultrafinegrain (submicron or nanoscale grains, subgrainsor nanophase etc.) materials are possible to exhibit superplaSticity under much lower temperatllTe, or their superplastic strain rate can be enhanced to great extent [3--5]…     

Reheating microstructure of refined AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state

By means of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) test, upsetting test and metalloseope, reheating mierostruetures of raw casting ingots, materials prepared by SIMA and materials extruded by ECAE in semi-solid state were investigated. The results show that compared with those of raw casting ingots and materials prepared by SIMA, reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE is the best and the final grain size is the finest. With increasing holding time, a growing phenomenon occurs in reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE, which can be described by Ostwald ripening law. The average grain size increases firstly, subsequently decreases and the shape factor of grains approaches to 1 as the reheating temperature increases. With increasing equivalent strain, the average grain size decreases. This demonstrates that reheating material extruded by ECAE technology is a good method to prepare AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets.     

切削法制备超细晶材料研究进展与展望

综述了切削法制备超细晶材料时加工参数和工艺条件对晶粒细化的影响,分析了切削法制备超细晶材料的力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和热稳定性等,探讨了超声振动复合切削法制备超细晶材料的可能性。在超声振动加工中,材料受低应力高速、高频撞击的影响,会发生严重的塑性变形,表面大尺寸的晶粒得到细化,同时超声振动还可以在材料表面形成表面微结构,进一步改善材料性能。因而提出将切削法和超声振动相复合,高效制备具有功能微结构的超细晶材料,为微型零件超细晶材料制备提供新的工艺选择以及理论和技术支撑。     

Unique microstructure and property of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to upsetting extrusion multiple processing

The microstructure and hardness of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to multi-pass upsetting extrusion at ambient temperature were studied. Experimental results indicated that with the number of upsetting extrusion passes increasing, the grains of the alloy are gradually refined and the hardness increases correspondingly. After ten passes of upsetting extrusion processing, the grain size decreases to less than 200 nm in diameter and the sample maintains its original shape, while the hardness is double owing to equal-axial ultrafine grains and work hardening effect caused by large plastic deformation.     

Recrystallization and microstructural evolution during hot extrusion of Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy

This study revealed that the extrusion temperature has a great influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy. The average grain sizes increased from 3 μm to 8 μm with increasing extrusion temperatures from 623K to 773 K. Both dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and static recrystallization (SRX), which occur during and after deformation, respectively, were observed. The alloy, which extruded at a relatively high temperature, exhibited lower strength because the strain strengthening was balanced by the softening that originated from DRX. Three types of morphologies, namely, big recrystallized grains, fine recrystallized grains, and non-recrystallized grains, were observed in the extruded microstructures obtained at 623 K. The dislocation density was quite high in the fully recrystallized grain. The extruded microstructures obtained at 773 K were composed of large grains with more uniform size. Their degree of recrystallization was higher and the dislocation density also declined. All dislocation in the grain were distinguished as 〈c+a〉 dislocations. Submicron scale precipitates were distributed along the newly formed recrystallized grain boundaries and had a remarkable pinning effect on the recrystallized grain growth after extrusion at 773 K. The precipitates can be divided into two main types: mixed type and single type.     

挤压铸造铝基复合材料的高应变速率超塑性

用挤压铸造、挤压比仅为１０∶１的挤压以及进一步的轧制成功地制备了具有高应变速率超塑性行为的βＳｉＣ晶须增强ＬＹ１２复合材料。该复合材料晶粒细小,约为２μｍ;在温度为８０３Ｋ和初始应变速率为１．１×１０－１ｓ－１时,延伸率达３５０％,应变速率敏感系数ｍ值约为０．３５;超塑性变形的主要机制是细小晶粒的晶界滑动,适当的微量液相有利于该复合材料的高应变速率超塑性。     

挤压速度和电磁铸造锭坯对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能影响

文章研究挤压条件下挤压速度和电磁铸造锭坯对挤压态AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响。研究结果发现,挤压速度比较低时,板材晶粒尺寸小,板材的表面质量比较好;随着挤压速度的降低,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率都有一定的提高。由于镁合金是HCP的晶体结构,同时对挤压速度非常敏感,对变形均匀性影响比较大,因此造成挤压板材的内外晶粒大小不均。在电磁场的作用下,溶质在晶内的固溶度增大,同时晶粒大小也比常规铸造的细小,因此电磁铸造的锭坯经挤压机挤压后,挤压板材的晶粒尺寸比较细小,且强度和塑性都有所提高。     

Effect of deformation speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6063 during continuous extrusion process

Experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the continuous extrusion of AA6063 aluminum alloy under extrusion wheel angular velocities of 0.52, 0.78, 1.04 and 1.3 rad/s. Simulation results indicate that variations in extrusion wheel velocity directly affect material deformation and significantly influence the maximum extrusion temperature. This work also reveals that deformation and temperature have opposing effects on the microstructure of the resulting product. A greater wheel velocity causes a higher strain rate and extrusion temperature. Increasing the wheel velocity, at an initially low speed, causes a large increase in strain rate. This results in a decrease in grain size. In contrast, at high wheel velocities, further increases to wheel velocity have much less effect on the strain rate, leading to an increase in grain size as the increased extrusion temperature dominates the mechanics of grain growth. Tensile test results demonstrate that the tensile strength of the resulting aluminum extrusions mainly depends on the exit temperature, which is decided by the deformation speed. Tensile strength and hardness slightly increase with increased deformation speed. Extremely high extrusion temperature results in brittle failure and low mechanical properties of the resulting product when the extrusion speed reaches 1.3 rad/s. This paper suggests that an optimum extrusion wheel velocity, which will generate products with good mechanical properties, exists.     

动态相变制备超细晶钢理论研究进展

晶粒细化能够同时提高钢铁材料的强度和韧性,但工业应用最广泛的TMCP技术对显微组织的细化存在极限,通常仅能将晶粒细化至5 μm.利用动态相变(DT)技术能够制备出晶粒尺寸小于2μm的超细晶钢,对于满足工业发展需求具有重要意义.介绍了动态相变理论的研究进展,主要综述了动态相变形核驱动力、形核方式以及流变应力等方面的研究,...