牛蛙皮明胶提取工艺优化及其性质分析

以牛蛙皮为原料,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验探讨了料液比、胃蛋白酶添加量、胃蛋白酶处理时间、提取温度和熬胶时间对牛蛙皮明胶提取率的影响,并对其性质作了初步分析。优化的牛蛙皮明胶提取条件为:料液比1︰8(g/m L)、胃蛋白酶添加量15 U/g、胃蛋白酶处理时间3 h、提取温度50℃、熬胶时间16 h;明胶提取率最高,达12.78%。牛蛙皮明胶色泽洁白,黏度和凝冻强度分别为3.85 m Pa·s和223 g,等电点为5.78。此外,牛蛙皮明胶的氨基酸组成中,脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸总含量为18.25%。优化的牛蛙皮明胶提取工艺合理、可行,提取率较高,且符合食用明胶标准。     

真鳕鱼骨明胶的提取工艺及性质研究

以真鳕鱼骨为原料对其明胶的提取工艺进行了研究。在单因素实验基础上,通过正交实验探讨HCl浓度、酸处理时间、提取温度和提取时间对鱼骨明胶得率的影响。结果表明:HCl浓度4%,酸处理时间18 h,提取温度70℃,提取时间8 h,明胶提取率最高,达98.02%。明胶在235 nm处有最大吸收。在上述提取条件下,得到的明胶经红外光谱检测失去三螺旋结构,在扫描电镜观察下明胶具有多孔的网状结构。     

从鸡骨中制取明胶的加工工艺

以鸡腿骨为原料 ,采用碱法 (浸灰法 )制备鸡骨明胶。探讨了浸灰过程Ca(OH) 2 浓度、温度、浸灰时间对明胶提取率、明胶粘度和胶凝性的影响 ,同时优化提取工艺条件。试验表明 :明胶最佳提取条件为温度 70℃ ,pH 5。采用方差和响应面分析优化浸灰工艺条件为 :Ca(OH) 2 质量分数 0 1 % ,温度 1 0℃ ,浸灰时间 6d。浸灰处理可以去除杂蛋白 ,使明胶纯度有所提高 ,粘度和冻力都有所上升     

狭鳕鱼皮明胶提取工艺的研究

为了充分利用水产品加工废弃物狭鳕鱼皮,优化狭鳕鱼皮明胶提取工艺,通过单因素试验和响应曲面法对鱼皮明胶提取工艺进行优化。结果表明：狭鳕鱼皮明胶提取的最佳工艺条件为：氢氧化钠浓度0.10%、硫酸浓度0.21%、浸提时间12.1h,此条件下明胶的提取率为17.52%。     

罗非鱼皮明胶的制备及性质研究

以干燥的罗非鱼鱼皮为原料,经脱色溶胀后热水熬胶来制备明胶,通过正交实验法对罗非鱼鱼皮明胶的提取工艺进行优化,并分别对明胶黏度、吸水性、保水性、等电点和氨基酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,鱼皮明胶最佳提取工艺为氢氧化钠浓度2．0％,浸泡24h,盐酸的浓度为0．5％,浸泡4h时,熬胶温度在80℃,时间为8h,提取率为47．54％。     

大鲵皮明胶提取及其性质分析

为有效利用大鲵加工副产物鲵皮,研究了从鲵皮中提取明胶的工艺条件及其部分性质。鲵皮经碱酸预处理后,以提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了明胶提取的工艺参数。结果表明:鲵皮明胶最适提取条件为温度60℃,超声功率400 W、提取时间7 h,料液比1∶9(g∶m L),明胶提取率可达13.76%。鲵皮明胶中甘氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量相对较高,约占总氨基酸的50%,该明胶在234 nm处有最大紫外吸收,黏度为3.3 m Pa·s,凝冻强度Bloom值为216 g。     

鸡皮明胶的提取工艺研究

本文主要研究了酸法提取鸡皮明胶的工艺条件。通过单因素和正交试验设计确定提取鸡皮明胶的优化工艺条件,结果表明,盐酸浓度3.0%、浸酸温度28℃、提胶料液比1∶5、提胶pH值为3的提取效果最佳,明胶提取率为9.47%。     

响应面法优化桃仁蛋白提取工艺

以脱脂桃仁粉为原料,研究了碱溶酸沉法提取桃仁蛋白的工艺条件。以桃仁蛋白提取率为指标,考察了提取温度、pH、料液比和提取时间对桃仁蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素实验基础上,通过响应面法(RSM)优化了提取工艺条件。结果表明,提取温度、pH和料液比对桃仁蛋白提取率影响较大;优化的桃仁蛋白提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶15,提取温度47℃,pH 9.2,提取时间1.0 h。在优化工艺条件下,桃仁蛋白的提取率达93.89%,其蛋白质含量为86.83%。     

超声波辅助提取马蹄皮多酚物质的工艺

利用超声辅助提取马蹄皮中的多酚物质,采用正交试验优化了工艺条件,实验结果表明,影响马蹄皮多酚物质提取率的主次因素顺序为提取时间乙醇浓度料液比提取温度,最佳的提取工艺条件为超声温度50℃,乙醇体积浓度60%,料液比(g∶mL)1∶16,超声时间20 min,在此条件下马蹄皮多酚提取率达3.00%。     

响应面优化超声波辅助提取葫芦巴水溶物工艺研究

应用响应面法优化了超声波辅助提取葫芦巴水溶物提取工艺,试验结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数是为提取时间60.0 min、温度99.7℃、浓度5.0%。在该试验条件下,葫芦巴水溶物提取率为40.98%。提取时间、温度、浓度及提取时间与温度的交互影响对葫芦巴水溶物提取率影响极显著。     

Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Pollock Skin Gelatin

ABSTRACT: Seven potential variables, pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, concentration of OH⁻, concentration of H⁺, extraction temperature, extraction time, and skin/water ratio, were investigated by a 2^7-3 fractional factorial design to identify critical control factors for pollock skin gelatin extraction, and 3 responses, yield, gel strength, and viscosity, were evaluated. The results suggest that 4 variables, pretreatment temperature, concentration of OH⁻, concentration of H⁺, and extraction temperature, have significant effects on gelatin extraction, and these key factors were then selected for the subsequent optimization using response surface methodology with a 4-factor, 5-level central composite rotatable design. It suggests that a concentration of OH⁻ at 0.25 mol/L, a concentration of H⁺ at 0.09 mol/L, a pretreatment temperature at 2°C, and an extraction temperature at 50°C, will give the highest values for the 3 responses. The predicted responses for these extraction conditions are that the yield will be 18%, gel strength will be 460 g, and viscosity will be 6.2 c P.     

2-step optimization of the extraction and subsequent physical properties of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin gelatin

ABSTRACT:  To optimize the extraction of gelatin from channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) skin, a 2-step response surface methodology involving a central composite design was adopted for the extraction process. After screening experiments, concentration of NaOH, alkaline pretreatment time, concentration of acetic acid, and extraction temperature were selected as the independent variables. In the 1st step of the optimization the dependent variables were protein yield (YP), gel strength (GS), and viscosity (V). Seven sets of optimized conditions were selected from the 1st step for the 2nd-step screen. Texture profile analysis and the 3 dependent variables from the 1st step were used as responses in the 2nd-step optimization. After the 2nd-step optimization, the most suitable conditions were 0.20 M NaOH pretreatment for 84 min, followed by a 0.115 M acetic acid extraction at 55 °C. The optimal values obtained from these conditions were YP = 19.2%, GS = 252 g, and V = 3.23 cP. The gelatin obtained also showed relatively good hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. The yield of protein and viscosity can be predicted by a quadratic and a linear model, respectively.     

Optimising conditions for enzymatic extraction of edible gelatin from the cattle bones using response surface methodology

This work was initiated to optimise the factors affecting the enzymatic extraction of edible gelatin from the cattle bones using response surface methodology. A central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the effects of the enzyme concentration, time of enzymatic treatment and extraction temperature on the yield of extraction, gel strength, apparent viscosity and absorption at 420 nm. The R ² values of regression models for all the response variables were higher than 0.9. Data analysis showed that all the process variables significantly ( P  < 0.01) affected the gel strength and apparent viscosity of extracted gelatin, whereas the effect of extraction temperature on both yield of extraction and absorption at 420 nm was not significant ( P  > 0.05). Graphical optimum conditions for the extraction yield, gel strength, apparent viscosity and absorption at 420 nm were determined as 6.1 ppm, 15.6 h, 70 °C; 9.1 ppm, 11.9 h, 70.3 °C; 7.86 ppm, 14.9 h, 77.5 °C and 2.8 ppm, 10 h, 60 °C, respectively. For all the response variables, the experimental values were very close to the predicted values and were not statistically different ( P  < 0.05).     

Processing optimization and characterization of gelatin from lizardfish (Saurida spp.) scales

Response surface methodology (RSM) with a 4-factor, 5-level central composite design (CCD) was conducted to ascertain the optimum gelatin extraction conditions from lizardfish scales. The effects of concentration of NaOH (%, X₁), treatment time (h, X₂), extraction temperature (°C, X₃) and extraction time (h, X₄) were determined. The responses included extraction yield (%), gel strength (g) at 9-10 °C and viscosity (cP) at 25 °C. The results showed the optimum conditions for the highest values of the three responses when a concentration of NaOH at 0.51%, a treatment time at 3.10 h, an extraction temperature at 78.5 °C and an extraction time at 3.02 h. The predicted responses were 10.7% extraction yield, 240 g gel strength and 5.61 cP viscosity. The experimental values were 10.6 ± 0.82% extraction yield, 252 ± 1.21 g gel strength and 7.50 ± 0.28 cP viscosity. The physicochemical properties of the lizardfish scales gelatin were characterized and the results indicated high protein and low ash content. Texture profile analysis (TPA) with compression was carried out at 30% deformation. The lizardfish scales gelatin was found to contain 20.4% imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline). Furthermore, slightly loose strands of the gel microstructure were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Optimization of Gelatin Extraction from Silver Carp Skin

ABSTRACT:  Fish skins are a by-product of the fish processing industry that can be successfully processed into gelatin. This study was designed to optimize the extraction process to obtain the highest yield, gel strength, and viscosity for gelatin production from silver carp skin. A fractional factorial design (2 levels, resolution III, 2^9-5) was chosen to screen 9 parameters to determine the most significant ones. Those found to be significant were optimized to determine the maximum value for 3 dependent variables mentioned above. The hydroxyproline content and hydroxyproline/protein ratio of the skin were 1.7% and 6.5%, respectively. The protein content of the skin was 26%. The hydroxyproline content of the gelatin for the sample giving the highest hydroxyproline/protein ratio was 10.9%. This sample was arbitrarily called pure gelatin and the purity of the remaining samples was between 71.8% and 97%. The highest protein and gelatin recovery was 78.1% and 98.8% of the total available, respectively. The latter, gelatin recovery, is proposed to be used instead of protein yield. Four variables were determined as significant in screening and these variables were studied by a central composite rotatable design (4-factor and 5-level with 6 central points) to model the system and response surface methodology was used for optimization. The optimum extraction conditions were 50 °C for the extraction temperature, 0.1 N HCl for the acid concentration, 45 min for the acid pretreatment time, and finally 4 : 1 (v/w) for the water/skin ratio. The predicted responses for these extraction conditions were 630 g gel strength, 6.3 cP viscosity, and 80.8% gelatin recovery. The data suggest that silver carp skin gelatin is similar to those of fish gelatins currently being exploited commercially.     

Yield,viscosity, and gel strength of wami tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis hornorum) skin gelatin: Optimization of the extraction process

A factorial design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction process of tilapia skin gelatin (Oreochromis urolepis hornorum). The concentrations of NaOH (0.15%–0.35%) and H₂SO₄ (0.15%–0.35%), the extraction temperature (40°C–60°C), and the extraction time (3–15 h) were independent variables. Response variables were yield (%), viscosity (mPa·s), and gel strength (g). The NaOH (%) and H₂SO₄ (%) concentrations had significant influences (p<0.05) on viscosity and gel strength, while the extraction temperature (°C) and the extraction time (h) showed significant influences (p<0.05) on all dependent variables. Increasing the temperature and extraction time provided higher yields with a reduction in the gelatin viscosity and gel strength. Tilapia fish skin can be used as a source for production of gelatin.     

草鱼鱼鳞明胶的提胶工艺及特性研究

探讨草鱼鱼鳞明胶的提胶条件及其特性。采用正交试验研究pH值、温度和时间对鱼鳞明胶品质的影响,利用物性仪、高效液相色谱仪和红外光谱仪等对制备的明胶特性进行分析研究。得到最佳提胶条件:提胶液pH值为6、提胶温度为55℃和时间为6h。得到的明胶提取率为35.56%,黏度为6.04mPa·s,凝胶强度为478.58g,等电点为pH值7.6,亚氨基酸(脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸)含量达21.6%。所得鱼鳞明胶结构稳定,为较高品质的明胶。     

兔皮明胶提取工艺优化

以兔皮为原料,研究稀盐酸短时诱导兔皮制备明胶的工艺。以明胶提取率和凝胶强度为评价指标,对兔皮明胶制备工艺中的盐酸质量分数、盐酸处理时间、提胶pH值、提胶温度4 个因素进行了优化,在此基础上通过正交试验确定最佳工艺为盐酸质量分数1%、盐酸处理时间10 min、提胶温度65 ℃、提胶pH 4。在此工艺条件下明胶提取率高达（86.85±1.71）%,凝胶强度为（481.43±16.89）g。明胶基本性质符合GB 6783-2013《食品添加剂：明胶》要求。     

酱油渣水不溶性膳食纤维提取及其脱色方法研究

研究了从酱油渣中提取水不溶性膳食纤维( IDF)的工艺,同时对IDF的脱色工艺也进行了研究.实验表明,从酱油渣中提取IDF的适宜条件为:NaOH 1%、碱浸温度90℃、HC11%、酸浸温度90℃.最优脱色条件是H2O2浓度为3%,处理温度为60℃,处理时间为2h,料液比为1:6.产品的提取率为20.10%,膳食纤维含量...