超分散稳定纳米硫化锌油样的摩擦学综合评价及作用机制研究

应用非水原位构筑方法获得了超分散稳定的纳米ZnS油样,利用四球摩擦试验机、环块试验机对其抗磨减摩性能、极压性能进行了评价,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了磨斑表面.依据表面分析结果,对膜的形成过程进行了解释.结果表明:超分散稳定纳米ZnS的存在,能改善油品的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能.但就抗磨减摩性能而言,环块试验评价结果好于四球试验评价结果.磨损表面分析表明,摩擦磨损过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,生成了富含硫化物、氧化物和硫酸盐的沉积膜或化学转化膜,从而在一定程度上改善了摩擦学性能.     

两种P-N型润滑添加剂的性能研究

采用SRV试验机及四球试验机分别考察KL316与Ciba349两种P-N型添加剂的极压抗磨性能,对比分析两者的减摩抗磨及极压性能。采用扫描电镜及X射线光电子能谱分析磨损表面的形貌及元素化学状态,并就添加剂的减摩抗磨作用机制进行探讨。结果表明,两种添加剂均具有优异的减摩抗磨作用,KL316的减摩抗磨作用要优于Ciba349,两者均通过在摩擦副表面发生化学吸附及摩擦化学反应生成边界润滑膜从而起到减摩抗磨作用。     

苯胺三嗪衍生物的摩擦学性能研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察合成的2,4-二苯胺基-6-二烷基硫代磷酸酯基-三嗪(PABT)在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能,利用热重分析其热稳定性。结果显示合成的三嗪衍生物具有良好的极压抗磨、减摩性能和高的热稳定性。用SEM和XPS分析其在润滑油中的摩擦学机制,表明在摩擦过程中形成含有FeS,FeSO4,FePO4和有机氮化合物的复合膜保护层,起到极压抗磨作用。     

几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的润滑行为研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机,考察了实验室合成的几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的减摩抗磨和极压性能。试验结果表明：这些含氧添加剂具有一定的减摩抗磨能力,但对菜籽油的极压性能的没有影响。双羟基脂肪酸比单羟基脂肪酸的减摩抗磨效果更为明显;烷基链较长的羟基甘二酸比羟基十八酸的减摩抗磨性能略好。     

化学修饰的纳米钛酸钙的摩擦学特性研究

利用化学修饰法制备了纳米钛酸钙,并用TEM对其结构进行了表征.将制备的纳米钛酸钙油液加入到合成酯中,用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性.结果表明:纳米钛酸钙在合成酯中具有较好的抗磨性能和良好的减摩性能,其减摩性能优于常用的极压抗磨剂.利用俄歇能谱AES测定表面膜的组成,发现纳米钛酸钙在摩擦表面的沉积及随后的剪切作用形成了具有抗磨减摩性能的摩擦膜.     

金属冷塑成型用润滑剂研究

研究了蓖麻油加入二硫化钼、铝粉、石墨等添加剂后摩擦磨损性能以及极压性能的变化。用四球摩擦磨损试验机进行对比实验,研究了二硫化钼、铝粉、石墨、磁流体对摩擦因数、磨损的影响。结果表明:(1)蓖麻油为基础油,添加二硫化钼等添加剂,能提高蓖麻油的减摩、抗磨和极压性能。(2)含MoS210 g/L,A l粉30 g/L,石墨50 g/L的蓖麻油其减摩、抗磨和极压性能最好。(3)二硫化钼能起到极压添加剂的作用;A l粉能提高润滑油的稳定性;石墨含量是影响润滑剂摩擦因数最主要因素。     

含硫润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

在催化剂作用下,合成一种含有二丁基二硫代氨基结构的有机硫化酯润滑油添加剂（CNSB）。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察CNSB在100 N基础油中的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分别分析磨损表面形貌和磨斑表面元素组成。结果表明：合成的CNSB作为润滑油添加剂具有较好的极压减摩性能,并明显优于同等条件下的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP）。SEM和EDS表明,在摩擦过程中CNSB会发生分解并在摩擦副表面发生化学反应,生成一层由有机硫化物、硼的氧化物等组成的致密保护膜,从而有效减轻钢球摩擦副表面的擦伤和磨损,且CNSB中的B元素也与S元素发生了协同作用,在一定程度上起到了抗磨减摩作用。     

水溶性含硫硼酸酯的摩擦磨损性能研究

本文依据水溶性抗磨剂的分子设计观点，合成了含硫硼酸酯利用四球试验机和摩擦磨损试验机对其摩擦磨损性能进行了试验研究，考察了在合成含硫硼酸酯时加入硫化物的次序对性能的影响，并探讨了它们的减摩抗磨作用机理。     

有机硫化酯润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

在催化剂作用下,合成一种含有二丁基二硫代氨基结构的有机硫化酯润滑油添加剂(CNSB)。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察CNSB在100 N基础油中的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分别分析磨损表面形貌和磨斑表面元素组成。结果表明:合成的CNSB作为润滑油添加剂具有较好的极压减摩性能,并明显优于同等条件下的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)。SEM和EDS表明,在摩擦过程中CNSB会发生分解并在摩擦副表面发生化学反应,生成一层由有机硫化物、硼的氧化物等组成的致密保护膜,从而有效减轻钢球摩擦副表面的擦伤和磨损,且CNSB中的B元素也与S元素发生了协同作用,在一定程度上起到了抗磨减摩作用。     

巯基含氮杂环醇在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

合成巯基苯并咪唑乙醇(TBE)和巯基苯并噻唑乙醇(MTE)2种菜籽油添加剂,利用四球摩擦试验机评价它们在菜籽油中的润滑性能。结果表明,合成的2种化合物提高了菜籽油50%的极压值,在抗磨和减摩性能方面,相同条件下MTE均好于BTE。扫描电镜分析结果表明,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了化学反应,生成了无机硫化物和有机氮等组成的复杂边界润滑膜,从而起到了良好的抗磨减磨作用。     

A study of the tribological behaviour of perfluoro-polyethers

The tribological behaviour of perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) was investigated by performing four-ball extreme-pressure (EP), Falex, four-ball wear, Reichert, SRV (both point-plane and plane-plane contacts), Amsler and TE 77 determinations on four commercially available Fomblin Y fluids, which cover the entire viscosity range. For comparison a petroleum-based hydraulic oil was subjected to the same tests.In load-carrying capacity measurements (four-ball EP and Falex tests) the PFPEs also surpassed the hydraulic oil as an EP gear lubricant.The performances of the PFPEs in determinations of their wearpreventing characteristics were variable. They were better than the hydraulic oil in Reichert tests but behaved in a roughly identical way in four-ball wear determinations and were inferior to it in the SRV (point-plane contact) method.The irregular behaviour is due to the different severity of operating conditions. The harsh strains exerted in four-ball EP, Falex and Reichert tests led to elevated contact temperatures, thus causing the decomposition of fluorinated macromolecules. The subsequent reactions of decomposition products originated the fluoride films to which the relevant performances of PFPEs are ultimately due. As the stresses to be endured in the SRV (point-plane contacts) tests had not been so extreme, the temperature at which the thermal decomposition of PFPEs would have begun was not attained.The more fluid the grade, the better was its performance in four-ball wear tests, since a lower viscosity led to a more abundant supply of lubricant at the rubbing spots and thus to a smaller wear rate.Lubrication was hydrodynamic in SRV (plane-plane contact), Amsler and TE 77 tests, and hence no damage took place in them. Friction coefficients, which depended on both testing machine and test conditions, were slightly higher for PFPEs than for the hydraulic oil.     

含硫氮硼酸酯在菜子油中的摩擦学性能研究

合成了一种新型含硫氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂，利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其在菜子油中的摩擦学性能，并用x射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨斑表面的元素化学状态。结果表明：含硫氮硼酸酯可显著改善菜子油的减摩抗磨性能和承载能力；含上述添加剂的菜子油在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应，生成了含菜子油甘油酯、有机硫化物、硫酸亚铁、三氧化二硼等组成的边界润滑膜，从而改善了菜子油的摩擦学性能。     

添加纳米磁性微粒的润滑油摩擦学行为研究

用化学方法制备纳米MnZnFe2O4磁性微粒,在四球摩擦磨损试验机和立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上考察了MnZnFe2O4纳米磁性微粒作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨减摩性能及对磨损表面的修复作用,并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面形貌。实验表明,MnZnFe2O4纳米微粒添加剂可以显著提高基础油的承载能力,减小磨斑直径;磁性颗粒有利于加强吸附在摩擦副表面上形成物理吸附膜,并在摩擦表面形成自修复膜,对磨损表面具有一定的修复作用。     

合成基润滑油聚α-烯烃低温摩擦润滑性能研究

在低温条件下,润滑油黏度变大,流动性变差,添加剂活性降低,对润滑性能产生显著影响。为研究PAO润滑油的低温摩擦润滑性能,以不同黏度级别PAO基础油为研究对象,采用流变仪MCR302、SRV摩擦磨损试验机,研究PAO润滑油样及添加极压抗磨添加剂的油样在低温条件下的流变性能和磨损润滑性能。试验结果表明：在低温环境下,随着温度降低,PAO油样的黏度急剧增大,黏度越大的油样其受低温条件影响越明显;PAO油样在低温环境下,表现出明显的剪切稀化现象;低温环境使得极压抗磨剂添加剂的活性变低,添加剂并未表现出减摩抗磨作用。因此,低温试验条件对PAO基础油和添加剂的摩擦学性能产生显著影响,阻碍了基础油和润滑油添加剂减摩抗磨作用的发挥。     

Performance and anti-wear mechanism of CaCO3 nanoparticles as a green additive in poly-alpha-olefin

This paper reports the tribological behavior of CaCO₃ nanoparticles as a green additive in poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) base oil under variable applied load, sliding speed, sliding duration, and temperature. The tribological properties and the electrical contact resistance between the tribo-pairs lubricated with PAO alone, and PAO containing CaCO₃ nanoparticles, were determined using an Optimol-SRV 4 oscillating friction and wear tester (SRV). The morphology and wear volume of the worn scar were measured simultaneously using a surface profilometer. The results showed that CaCO₃ nanoparticles can dramatically improve the load-carrying capacity, as well as the anti-wear and friction-reduction properties of a PAO base oil. In addition, higher applied load, moderate frequency, longer duration time, and lower temperatures are beneficial to the deposition of CaCO₃ nanoparticles accumulating on rubbing surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a boundary film composed of CaCO₃, CaO, iron oxide, and some organic compounds on the worn surfaces.     

修饰的纳米铜粒子在聚α烯烃合成油中的摩擦学性能

采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了二烃基二硫代磷酸盐（DDP）修饰的纳米铜粒子在聚α烯烃合成油中的抗磨减摩性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨斑表面的形貌。结果表明,DDP修饰的纳米铜粒子作为添加剂提高了摩擦副的承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,同时磨斑表面更加光滑平整。     

二维层状Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用水热反应制备出β-Ni(OH)2,然后通过水热还原得到Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的相结构、成分及形貌进行表征分析。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价制备的Ni/β-Ni(OH)2作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,基础油为PAO6。摩擦试验后,采用SEM分析典型试验钢球磨斑的表面形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)研究磨斑表面化学元素的组成,探讨Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨机制。结果表明:Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合材料作为润滑添加剂具有极好的减摩抗磨性能,显著优于基础油PAO6和未负载纳米Ni的二维β-Ni(OH)2层状材料;与基础油相比,添加0.1%质量分数Ni/β-Ni(OH)2添加剂的油样的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低了17.6%和41.5%;Ni/β-Ni(OH)2纳米复合粉体综合了纳米Ni及层状β-Ni(OH)2两部分结构特性,在摩擦过程中,复合材料中的纳米金属粒子Ni与层状结构材料β-Ni(OH)2能够相互增强起到协同润滑作用。     

Tribological behavior of polyalphaolefin with the addition of nickel nanoparticles

This paper studies the influence of addition of 20 nm diameter nickel nanoparticles on the tribological behavior of synthetic oil (polyalphaolefin, PAO6). A TE53SLIM tribometer (block-on-ring configuration) for testing at medium loads and a four-ball machine (ASTM D2783) were used in this research. Wear surfaces were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The study leads to the conclusion that the addition of nickel nanoparticles to PAO6 results in a decrease in friction and wear and an increase in the load-carrying capacity of base oil. This tribological behavior is closely related to the deposition of nanoparticles on the rubbing surfaces.     

一种新型含氮杂环润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性研究

通过四球试验机、环块试验机和万能摩擦磨损试验机,考察了制备的新型无硫磷含氮杂环润滑添加剂在液体石蜡基础油中的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨斑表面形貌及典型元素的化学状态。结果表明:该添加剂能显著增加基础油的承载能力,降低长磨实验的磨斑直径和环块实验的摩擦系数,并在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,在摩擦表面形成了以氧化亚铁、有机氮化物和含氮金属配合物等为主要成分的摩擦反应膜,从而有效提高了基础油的摩擦学性能。     

The tribological behavior of thiophosphates as additives in rapeseed oil

Two kinds of thiophosphate, tri-n-octyl thiophosphate and tri-n-octyl tetrathiophosphate, were synthesized. The tribological behavior of the synthetic compounds and tricresyl phosphate as additives in rapeseed oil for steel-steel frictional pair was investigated with a four-ball machine. The relationship between the additive structure and tribological properties was explored, while the lubrication mechanisms of the additives were investigated as well. Thus the worn surfaces of the steel ball lubricated with the additive-containing rapeseed oil were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental compositions and distributions in the worn steel surfaces were observed and determined with an EPMA-810Q electron probe micro-analyzer. It has been found that the synthetic thiophosphates as additives in rapeseed oil at proper concentrations show better tribological properties than tricresyl phosphate. Tribochemical reactions were involved for steel–steel frictional pair lubricated with the rapeseed oil containing thiophosphates, with the formation of a boundary lubricating and protecting film composed of glyceride of rapeseed oil and tribochemical reaction products of the lubricants. This contributes to improve the tribological properties of the rapeseed oil base stock.