Ergonomics evaluation of picture archiving and communication system implementations in two X-ray departments

Two large X-ray departments in the County of Stockholm have changed from traditional analogue technology to digital imaging, including the implementation of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). One of the departments was moved to a completely new purpose-built building and equipped with the latest technology, but for the other one the change merely meant rebuilding and adaptation of existing rooms on the premises. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the ergonomics effects of the new technique in the two X-ray departments and to find out whether the implementation of digital imaging technique came up to expectations of improved ergonomics and work environment. Another purpose was to compare the outcomes for the two departments, in order to learn about the importance of the different implementation approaches. Questionnaires were sent out to the two departments both before the implementation of PACS and after the transition. The questionnaires covered several aspects of work conditions, such as working time, the physical and psychosocial environment, physical work load and musculoskeletal complaints, expectations from the digital technology, etc. The changeover went better than expected and even high expectations were fulfilled and surpassed. However, there were also some unexpected and distressing results; for example, a substantial increase in headaches and musculoskeletal symptoms as well as the use of pain killers among the radiologists of one of the X-ray departments.     

基于云计算的医学影像存储与传输系统的设计

设计了一种结合分布式存储的PACS架构,并根据云存储的特点开发了SDCMO与WDO组件,为上层提供存储传输与网络访问接口,解决云计算技术应用于PACS过程中的兼容性问题。测试表明,该系统方案能够提高PACS系统的读写以及计算性能,为后期云计算技术真正应用到医院信息化建设中提供理论基础。     

图像存储与传输系统在iPad上的设计与实现

在研究传统的CS架构的图像存储与传输系统软件产品的基础上．创造性地实现了通过iPad终端从服务器端下栽病人的病例图像,并可以在iPad上对图像进行标注、测量、切片变换等操作,方便医护人员进行检查、诊治,极大地提高了诊治过程中的效率。     

First experiences with the modelling and simulation package MIRACLES applied to a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) in a clinical environment

Since the construction of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) appears to be extremely difficult, computer modelling and simulation are used as decision support tools. The package MIRACLES (Medical Image Representation, Archiving and Communication Learned from Extensive Simulation) has been developed at BAZIS in order to support the construction of simulation models of image information systems. This article discusses the application of MIRACLES to a prototypical PACS as being installed in a clinical environment. Attention is focussed to the required system analysis and difficulties which arose during the construction of the simulation model. The emphasis is on the presentation of the results of the simulation study, which show that simulation can be fruitfully used to predict, to analyse and to assist in solving performance problems. The simulation study confirmed assumptions and suppositions concerning both the system performance itself and strategies to improve the performance. The study also resulted in a number of concrete recommendations which might be useful for the set-up of the prototypical PACS.     

基于GSM和嵌入式系统的无线通讯模块

文利用当前嵌入式技术和全球移动通讯技术,把GSM手机模块和嵌入式系统平台相结合,即ARM与GSM兼容,实现汽车多媒体系统的无线通讯模块的软件设计部分。同时给出实现方法和应用程序开发流程。本系统的硬件平台是基于ARM9的SBC-2410X开发板,嵌入式操作系统为现在应用最为广泛的WindowsCE平台。     

A Nom historical document recognition system for digital archiving

A Nom historical document recognition system is being developed for digital archiving that uses image binarization, character segmentation, and character recognition. It incorporates two versions of off-line character recognition: one for automatic recognition of scanned and segmented character patterns (7660 categories) and the other for user handwritten input (32,695 categories). This separation is used since including less frequently appearing categories in automatic recognition increases the misrecognition rate without reliable statistics on the Nom language. Moreover, a user must be able to check the results and identify the correct categories from an extended set of categories, and a user can input characters by hand. Both versions use the same recognition method, but they are trained using different sets of training patterns. Recursive X–Y cut and Voronoi diagrams are used for segmentation; k–d tree and generalized learning vector quantization are used for coarse classification; and the modified quadratic discriminant function is used for fine classification. The system provides an interface through which a user can check the results, change binarization methods, rectify segmentation, and input correct character categories by hand. Evaluation done using a limited number of Nom historical documents after providing ground truths for them showed that the two stages of recognition along with user checking and correction improved the recognition results significantly.     

Top-down design of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) by means of simulation

The development of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) for medical applications can be regarded as a challenging field in medical informatics. Since 1982, several projects have been started into this direction worldwide. The Dutch IMAGIS (Image Information System) project, started in 1984, is one of them. Within this project, a top-down design strategy is chosen, with the following first steps: (1) A thorough information analysis for a Radiology Department, in which both qualitative and quantitative aspects are included. Such an analysis can be used to estimate the workload on a future PACS system. (2) The construction of a flexible performance prediction tool, based on discrete even simulation. Such a tool can be used to predict the performance of a certain computer system configuration under a certain workload. Based on the information analysis, and using the performance prediction tool, a PACS system is drafted for the thorax section of the Diagnostic Radiology Department of the Leiden University Hospital. In this first design attempt, the assumption was made that current working procedures concerning images will be maintained as much as possible.     

A cross-layer communication module for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel networking paradigm which allows the communication among all sorts of physical objects over the Internet. The IoT defines a world-wide cyber-physical system with a plethora of applications in the fields of domotics, e-health, goods monitoring and logistics, among others. The use of cross-layer communication schemes to provide adaptive solutions for the IoT is motivated by the high heterogeneity in the hardware capabilities and the communication requirements among things. In this paper, a novel cross-layer module for the IoT is proposed to accurately capture both the high heterogeneity of the IoT and the impact of the Internet as part of the network architecture. The fundamental part of the module is a mathematical framework, which is developed to obtain the optimal routing paths and the communication parameters among things, by exploiting the interrelations among different layer functionalities in the IoT. Moreover, a cross-layer communication protocol is presented to implement this optimization framework in practical scenarios. The results show that the proposed solution can achieve a global communication optimum and outperforms existing layered solutions. The novel cross-layer module is a primary step towards providing efficient and reliable end-to-end communication in the IoT.     

A software metric system for module coupling

Low module coupling is considered to be a desirable quality for modular programs to have. Previously, coupling has been defined subjectively and not quantified, making it difficult to use in practice. In this article, we extend previous work to reflect newer programming languages and quantify coupling by developing a general software metric system that allows us to automatically measure coupling. We have precisely defined the levels of coupling so that they can be determined algorithmically, incorporated the notion of direction into the coupling levels, and accounted for different types of nonlocal variables present in modern programming languages. With our system, we can measure the coupling between all pairs of modules in a system, measure the coupling of a particular module with all other modules in a system, and measure the coupling of an entire system. We have implemented our metric system so that it measures the coupling between pairs of procedures in arbitrary C programs and have analyzed several well-used systems of various sizes.     

轨道调度指挥系统网络通讯模块的设计

本文论述了轨道交通中调度指挥系统(TDCS)的网络通信模块的设计方案,涉及到网络硬件连接、软件功能及性能的需求说明,重点考虑了通信的安全性和可靠性.方案力求全面、合理.     

A modular computer vision system for picture segmentation and interpretation

The objective of a computer vision system is to outline the objects in a picture and label them with an appropriate interpretation. This paper proposes a new paradigm for a modular computer vision system which is both data directed and knowledge based. The system consists of three different types of units, two of which are associative data memories implemented as relational databases. The short-term memory (STM) contains the raw color picture data and the most current interpretations and deductions about the original scene. The long-term memory (LTM) contains a detailed model of the scene under consideration. A collection of analysis processors, each of which is specialized for a particular task, can communicate with both of these memories. The information in the LTM remains unchanged during the analysis, while the STM is being continually updated and revised by the appropriate processors. The latter may be conceived of as being activated by certain data conditions in the STM, and using the information in both the LTM and STM to alter the status of the STM.     

基于CAN总线的EV电控系统通信的设计与开发

以MC68376集成CAN控制器为例,阐述了纯电动车(ElectricVehicle,简称EV)电控系统采用SAEJ1939通信协议实现CAN总线通信的设计要点,给出了基于CAN通信的动力蓄电池监控系统的电池充放电特性曲线。实验证明CAN总线通信速率高、准确、可靠性高。     

A system for WYSIWYG colour communication

Despite the development of more powerful and cheaper colour imaging devices, computer users often spend considerable effort creating colours on the screen only to find that when printed out later they appear to be a completely different shade. This is a problem which computer-aided design and colour management systems are only just beginning to address properly. More generally, if high colour fidelity is desired, there is cause for concern whenever attempts are made to reproduce the same colour across any different media. In the past, such problems have tended to be overcome by elaborate, tedious, iterative and usually manual matching processes. With rapid response times becoming increasingly important, the ability to communicate colour both quickly and accurately is highly desirable. This paper follows on from an earlier one in this journal which described a prototype system which was used successfully to demonstrate the feasibility of accurate colour fidelity and communication. The system, Colour-Talk, has since been further refined and the most recent developments are discussed here. This system illustrates a new way of communicating colour using the techniques of device independency and colour appearance modelling, both of which are essential to achieving WYSIWYG colour.     

宽带码多分址通讯系统的移动管理模块设计

为宽带码多分址通讯系统的移动管理在网络关键技术的研究方面与国际接轨,给出了一种宽带码多分址通讯系统的移动管理模块、模块图及其模块的软件实现.便于网络对UE操作,设计了位置更新、被叫用户位置等流程图并进行了分析,阐述了宽带码多分址通讯系统的软件模块.结合实例分析了系统的移动性管理功能模块并给出设计与实现,解决了位置更新和呼叫中被叫用户定位问题.     

基于高速外设模块的多核DSP与FPGA通信系统设计

详细介绍了TI公司TMS320C6678多核DSP高速外设模块EMIF16(外部存储器接口)的功能及特性,利用EMIF模块扩展存储空间大、通信速度快、硬件接口电路简单、性能稳定等特点,设计并实现了一种基于EMIF模块的DSP与FPGA异步通信接口,重点描述了接口通信系统架构设计和具体软件实现。测试验证表明基于该接口可进行DSP与FPGA之间多种格式数据传输,接口运行稳定可靠,扩展了TMS320C6678多核DSP处理芯片与外部器件通信系统接口的设计方式。     

嵌入式智能家居终端通信模块的设计与实现

针对嵌入式系统的存储和处理器等硬件资源受限,设计出一个简单高效的串口通信协议和网络通信协议是开发的难点.讨论了基于ARM嵌入式Linux平台实现智能家居终端通信子系统的技术难点和关键实现技术,给出了其中串口通信协议以及网络通信协议的设计与实现,很好地解决了不同带宽和速率的通信匹配问题.该通信子系统已在Linux下调试通过,可与相应串口设备以及网络中心进行正常通信,目前已投入实际使用.     

电牵引采煤机远程控制系统通信模块设计与实现

通过分析采煤机核心控制器与触摸屏、变频器和远程控制计算机的通信问题,设计了一种基于DSP的电牵引采煤机控制器与外围设备的通信模块,详细介绍了该通信模块硬件和软件设计。测试结果表明,该通信模块性能稳定且实时性好,解决了基于DSP的电牵引采煤机控制器与外围设备通信接口、通信协议不统一的问题。     

ADIDS安全通信模块的设计与实现

为了提高Ad Hoc网络的安全性,基于Snort入侵检测软件设计了一种安全的Ad Hoc分布式入侵检测系统(ADIDS),并实现了系统中各分布式节点上代理(Agent)之间的安全通信.介绍了其中的安全通信模块的设计与实现细节,包括入侵检测交换协议的改进、组播的实现、XML Encryption技术的应用等.实验结果表明,该模块能够适应Ad Hoc网络的特点,并满足ADIDS关于通信效率、通用性和安全性方面的要求.