供热系统节能探讨

针对集中供热采暖系统定压（补水）方式和循环方式的电耗情况及水力平衡调节技术对供热系统节能的作用进行分析和总结,寻求供热采暖系统中可实施节能措施的环节和节能工作的切入点,配合实现既有建筑进行节能改造的阶段性目标,合理降低供热采暖系统的能耗,从而达到供热采暖系统节约能源的目标,为供热采暖系统的节能改造提供科学依据。     

中国节能技术政策大纲（续）

5．1．3推广节能的供热管网技术改造 推广供热管网保温技术。推广直埋预制保温管。对供热管道、法兰、阀门及附件按国家标准采取保温措施。改善热力管网的调节方式,推广管网水力平衡设备,发展管网调度、运行、调节的智能监控技术。发展应用管网先进抗垢技术,降低管网能耗。     

集中供热系统的水力平衡调节与节能措施分析

在实际的集中供热系统中,水力平衡调节发挥着极其重要的作用.本文按照一定的研究方法对水力失衡程度的调节和潜力模拟进行分析,介绍了集中水力供热系统水力失调的原因,并结合实际的供热情况,分析了集中供热系统水力平衡调节和诸多节能措施,希望能够给同行带来一定的帮助.     

保障供热管网水力平衡的关键环节

介绍供热系统管网循环充水及排气顺序，阐述了供热管网水力平衡的调节基本方法及日常运行管理的注意事项，以促进供热系统实现节能减排。     

某热电供暖公司集中供热系统的节能分析

重点阐述换热站内部的调节及热力管网调节措施,并从实际案例分析供热系统的节能。通过在供热系统换热站安装自动化控制系统,在热力管网安装流量控制阀门,并采用正确的技术控制方法,提高了换热站内部调节的性能和换热站的监控手段,减小了外部管网的运行流量和水力平衡度,从而减少水、电、热等能源的浪费。     

供热管网节能改造及输热能效分析

集中供热系统是一个由多种环节以及项目组成的一个系统完善的项目工程。因此,集中供热管网是一个动态运行的稳定系统,但是在运行过程中,也必不可少的会存在水力失调以及热力损耗的现象。因此,为了能够有效实现水力失调的平衡以及减少供热管在运行过程中出现的热力损耗,就需要提升供热管的实际工作效率,最大限度地实现供热效果的改善以及能源消耗的降低,进而有效提升社会经济效益的获取和节能措施的实现。通过对我国当前的集中供热现状进行探究,同时,针对供热系统运行过程中出现的相关问题进行探究,针对性地提出相应的解决措施,提出各优化设计方案,进而促进我国供热系统的完善与发展。     

供暖外网的平衡与节能

本文通过对北京嘉园供热厂一、二次热力管网进行技术改造前后的技术经济性比较，提出了解决热力外网水力失调并实现节能运行的有效措施。     

浅谈供暖系统热网平衡调整

通过对某工厂采暖热网进行水力平衡计算及分析,并用自立式控制器和平衡调整技术措施对采暖热网进行水力平衡调整,解决水力失衡问题,达到较满意的效果,解决了热网系统过量供热问题,节约了能源.     

供热系统中水泵的优化设计及节能效果

通过优化水泵在供热系统中的设计,探讨其调节方案及节能效果。通过在供热系统中采取优化设置水泵参数和调节运行手段,达到降低系统总电耗的目的,使供热系统耗电输热比(HER)在满足规范要求的前提下进一步降低,开发供热系统节能潜力。     

基于全寿命周期的集中供热系统管网优化设计研究

针对集中供热系统管网设计中存在的技术、节能、经济等特点,提出了一种新型供热系统管网优化设计新模式,即以水力计算为依据,选择优化管径布置模式,在此基础上,利用全寿命周期内管网成本最低原则,确定最佳的集中供热系统优化方案。实例演算表明,此种集中供热系统管网优化设计模式,既可以保证供热系统管网技术性能最优,也可以最大限度降低供热管网的初投资以及运行总费用。     

集中供热系统节能技术措施探讨

我国集中供热系统还存在很大的节能潜力。以集中供热系统中热能流动方向为主线,分析探讨了各环节中的节能技术措施。     

供暖系统规划设计中的几点节能分析

本文利用分析的原理,从节能的角度,对供暖系统在供暖方式、介质参数、供暖设备及管网调节方式等一系列问题进行了简要分析与比较,并提出了一些供暖系统的节能途径和措施。     

Metamorphoses of cogeneration-based district heating in Romania: A case study

The paper presents the birth and evolution of the cogeneration-based district heating (DH) system in a medium size city in Romania (Targoviste). The evolution of the industrialization degree was the main factor which controlled the population growth and led to a continuous reconfiguration of the DH system. The DH system assisted by cogeneration emerged as a solution in a certain phase of the demographic development of the city. The political and social changes occurring in Romania after 1990 have had important negative consequences on the DH systems in small towns. In Targoviste the DH system survived but in 2001 the solution based on cogeneration became economically inefficient, due to the low technical quality of the existing equipment and the low gas prices, to the procedure of setting the DH tariffs and the service cost at consumer’s level and to some bureaucratic problems. Energy policy measures taken at national and local levels in 2003 and 2005 led to the re-establishment of the cogeneration-based district heating in 2005. However, a different technical solution has been adopted. Details about the present (2009) cogeneration-based DH system in Targoviste are presented together with several technical and economical indicators. The main conclusion is that by a proper amendment of the technical solutions, cogeneration could be a viable solution for DH even in case of abrupt social and demographic changes, such as those occurring in Romania after 1990.     

水源热泵系统能耗和经济性分析

以大连市某商场为例,采用BIN方法计算了水源热泵系统全年建筑负荷及能耗,在此基础上,与传统区域供热和冷冻机制冷方案进行了经济性比较。结果表明,地下水源热泵系统尽管在初投资方面比传统方案高约18.5%,但年运行费用大大减小,费用年值较传统方案减少了19%,节能性能良好,追加投资回收期仅为3年。     

Influencing Swedish homeowners to adopt district heating system

Improved energy efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation could be achieved by replacing resistance heaters with district heating system. In 2005, only about 8% of the Swedish detached houses had district heating system. The expansion of such systems largely depends on homeowners’ adoption decisions. And, to motivate homeowners to adopt district heating, it is essential to understand their decision-making process. In this context, in June 2005 we carried out a questionnaire survey of about 700 homeowners who lived in the city of Östersund in houses with resistance heaters (baseline survey). About 84% of the respondents did not intend to install a new heating system. Since then these homeowners were influenced by (a) an investment subsidy by the Swedish government to replace resistance heaters with district heating, a brine/water-based heat pump, or a biomass-based heating system and (b) a marketing campaign by the municipality-owned district heating company. This paper analyses how these two measures influenced about 78% of the homeowners to adopt the district heating system. For this purpose we carried out a follow-up survey of the same homeowners in December 2006 (resurvey). Results showed that the investment subsidy and the marketing campaign created a need among the homeowners to adopt a new heating system. The marketing campaign was successful in motivating them to adopt the district heating system. The marketing strategy by the district heating company corresponds to the results obtained in the baseline survey.     

轧钢加热炉能耗分析

本文分析了我国轧钢加热炉的能耗状况,指出了我国轧钢加热炉中存在的问题,着重阐述了我国轧钢加热炉的节能措施。这些措施主要有:采用先进工艺;对加热炉进行技术改造和采用节能型加热炉;加强节能管理等。     

镀铝锌加热节能技术分析

在钢板表面镀上铝锌可以防腐并延长使用寿命,文中介绍了镀铝锌加热节能技术,采用全新的无氧化直接加热,取代通常采用的辐射管加热技术,并将排出的废气再次利用,达到节能的目的。通过对该技术的说明以及与一般技术的对比,进一步分析出该节能技术实施的可行性。     

供热机组低加放空气系统改进与节能分析

对５０ＭＷ双抽汽轮机回热系统进行试验分析，找出了加热器放空气系统在设计和运行中存在的问题，运用等效热降理论定量分析放空气系统的节能潜力。对放空气系统进行了改进，使回热系统的经济运行状况得到明显的改善。     

Study on the decision-making of district cooling and heating systems by means of value engineering

A district cooling and heating (DCH) system can provide both cooling and heating for blocks of buildings in cold climate areas, however, different thermal source schemes of a DCH project always differ in their first cost, operating cost, maintenance cost, regulation performance, control performance, energy-saving and environment protection performance, etc. In order to evaluate various DCH thermal source schemes quantitatively, the paper firstly establishes an evaluation model based on value engineering theory. It then elaborates on how this model is applied in the first seawater source heat pump DCH project in China—Dalian Xinghai Bay project. The calculation results show that even though the scheme of seawater source heat pump system is not economical under commercial electricity price mainly because of its relatively high initial cost, yet it has the highest value coefficient under civil electricity price. This also implies that privileges of policy for renewable energy utilization system are necessary to help promote the energy-saving and environment-friendly scheme of seawater source heat pump system.     

Integrated conceptual design of a robust and reliable waste-heat district heating system

The various governmental policies aimed at reducing the dependence on fossil fuels for space heating and the reduction in its associated emission of greenhouse gases such as CO₂ demands innovative measures. District heating systems using residual industrial waste heats could provide such an efficient method for house and space heating. In such systems, heat is produced and/or thermally upgraded in a central plant and then distributed to the final consumers through a pipeline network.This paper studies the technical, economic, institutional and environmental feasibilities of using low-level residual industrial waste heat for the district heating of Delft, The Netherlands.An integrated conceptual design approach that takes into account both the technical and institutional design of the system has been adopted and has resulted in a feasible and robust system design. The technical part of the integrated conceptual design consisted in the estimation of the heat demands, the design of the heat upgrading system, equipment sizing, the network morphology and/or spatial connectivity and the exergy losses in the needed infrastructure as well as the economic viability of the system. An isopropanol–hydrogen–acetone chemical heat pump was selected for the process and has been modelled in ASPEN plus^®. The conventional cost estimation model has been modified to account for uncompensated system downtimes.