铜线材氟硼酸盐高速电镀光亮锡铅及锡铅钴合金

用DL01、DL03作光亮剂,在氟硼酸盐镀液中,改变电流密度和搅拌速度在0.5mm的铜线上,电镀出锡 铅和锡 铅 钴合金镀层。结果表明,在Jc=5～18A dm2,v=47、96、150m min时,Sn与Pb的共沉积属异常共沉积。当Jc>30A/dm2时属正常共析。当镀液中含有Co时促进了Sn的共沉积。     

离子液体中钕铁硼磁体电镀锌研究

采用尿素-NaBr-KBr-甲酰胺-ZnCl2离子液体作为镀液在钕铁硼磁体表面电镀锌,包括基体前处理工艺和镀后处理工艺,考察了添加剂、供电方式等对镀层形貌和耐腐蚀性的影响,通过中性盐雾试验、SEM、XRD等对镀层进行测试表征。结果表明:在电流密度1 A/dm2,温度30℃,电镀时间20 min磁力搅拌条件下,当添加剂的量为10 mL·L-1时采用脉冲电镀电源实施电镀,得到的镀层光亮致密均匀,耐腐性能好。此方法为钕铁硼磁体电镀锌提供了一种新思路。     

全光亮碱性锌酸盐镀锌工艺研究

在碱性锌酸盐镀锌基础液中加入自制光亮剂XY-03A,研究成功了一种全光亮碱性锌酸盐镀锌工艺,确定了电镀工艺规范,采用霍尔槽试验探讨了主要成分对镀层质量的影响,检测了镀液和镀层性能,结果表明：所形成的锌镀层光亮度高,镀层结晶细致,与基体结合力好;镀液的分散能力、复盖能力、电流效率和镀层耐蚀性优于DE型镀锌工艺,具有较高的应用价值.     

一种新的硫酸盐镀锌光亮剂的研制

用正交试验法合成一种无浊点载体光亮剂－－脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸脂磺酸钠，讨论了合成条件，并以此载体光亮剂制备了一种新的硫酸盐镀锌光亮剂。研究了该光亮剂在硫酸盐镀液中的性能。结果表明，该光亮剂具有很高的浊点和优越的电镀性能，既适合在高浓度的硫酸盐镀液中进行高速连续电镀，又可用于挂镀和滚镀。     

无氰碱性锌酸盐镀锌光亮剂的研究

回顾我国无氰碱性锌酸盐镀锌光亮剂20年来的发展状况;介绍一种能在无氰碱性锌酸盐镀锌体系中产生镜面似的高光亮镀锌层的光亮剂——WD90A。通过电化学方法的测试,结果表明该光亮剂的作用机理符合电镀添加剂的经典理论。     

用复合电镀法制造电镀金刚石锯丝的实验研究

固结磨料金刚石线锯切割技术有望在将来广泛地应用于硅晶体等硬脆材料的切割,而高性能的固结磨料金刚石锯丝的研制是此技术发展应用的关键.本文选用以瓦特液为基础的光亮镍镀液,采用复合电镀法试制了电镀金刚石锯丝,制定了锯丝的电镀工艺,分析了上砂电流密度和上砂时间对锯丝表面金刚石磨粒密度和镀层与基体间结合力的影响.结果表明,获得表面磨粒分布均匀、结合力良好的电镀金刚石锯丝的最佳电流密度范围为1.5 A/dm2～2.0 A/dm2,其预镀、上砂与加厚镀时间依次为6 min、8 min～10 min和18 min.     

865无机光亮剂低氰镀锌新工艺的研究

本文论述以865无机光亮剂的低氰光亮镀锌新工艺。在低氰镀锌液中加入微量的865无机光亮剂(0.1～0.35克/升),可提高镀锌层的抗蚀性,防止锌层生白锈,减小镀层的脆性,使镀层结晶细致光亮,具有美丽的外观。其镀液具有较高的电流效率、均镀能力、深镀能力和极化性能。它克服了长期使用无机光亮剂硫化钠沉淀多、脆性较大和有机光亮剂易分解、脆性大、不易分析的缺点。而且含有865无机光亮剂镀锌液分析简单,易于控制。是今后碱性镀锌无机光亮剂又一个发展的方向。     

电沉积光亮锌镀层的溶液

介绍了一种适合装饰和防腐镀锌用的酸性电解液。该溶液成分包括锌盐、含氮和羰基化合物的无机光亮剂和其他光亮剂以及导电盐、缓冲剂等物质。其中光亮剂的用量范围在0.1mg/L～10g/L之内。电解条件是槽液温度为18～40℃、pH值3～4,以空气搅拌或机械搅拌槽液,在电流密度10.75～215A/dm~2的情况下,可按普通方法或现代快速镀覆法实现锌的电沉积。由此得到光亮的锌镀层。举例如下:     

光亮硫酸盐电镀Zn-Fe合金工艺研究

采用霍尔槽试验对硫酸盐镀锌铁合金光亮剂、辅助光亮剂、载体光亮剂进行了筛选,研究成功了一种酸性硫酸盐体系电镀低铁含量的光亮zn-Fe合金镀层工艺,探讨了主盐、络合剂、导电盐、稳定剂、工艺条件的影响,检测了镀液、镀层性能.结果表明:该镀液成分方便,镀液稳定,操作简单,所得镀层结晶细致、光亮平整,其耐蚀性与光亮度明显优于镀锌层,黑色钝化后黝黑发亮.     

国外专利

高光亮镀锌本专利介绍的碱性无氰镀锌液能电解得一种非常平滑且很光亮的锌镀层。这种槽液含有:锌盐、碱金属氢氧化物、至少一种有机光亮剂、吡唑与表氯醇的反应产物。该槽液的工作条件:电流密度的最佳范围为0.1～6A/dm~2,温度20～40℃可用于普通基材的挂镀、滚镀。用赫尔槽(260毫升)进行试镀:温度20℃电流强度为1安培,以表面带有划痕的铁板作阴极,电镀10分钟,其结果是,在很宽阔电流密度区内镀层呈灰至黑色;在高电流密度区镀层被烧焦。当把适当量的吡唑与表氯醇的反应产物如0.6～1.2克/升,     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。