Elasto-plastic analysis of a circular opening considering material dilatancy and elasto-plastic coupling effects

The deformation and fracture of a surrounding rock mass are important bases of underground engineering stability evaluation and bolting design. In this paper, an improved elastic-perfectly plastic-brittle model is employed to analyze the mechanical property weakening behavior of surrounding rock, including the elastic zone, plastic zone, and fracture zone. Examining a circular opening under hydrostatic pressure, material dilatancy, and elasto-plastic coupling were considered for an analytical study of stress and displacement of the surrounding rock. The influences of the supporting force, dilatancy, and elasto-plastic coupling were analyzed for a deep coal mine tunnel. It is shown that the supporting force cannot significantly change the state of the stress distribution, but it has an outstanding influence on the displacement of the surrounding rock. Dilatancy and elasto-plastic coupling can both cause a rapid increase of fractured zone deformation of the surrounding rock. Additionally, the majority of deformation within the surrounding rock was derived from expansion-related deformation of the fractured zone in a residual-strength state.     

一种考虑应变率效应的结构非线性时程分析方法

提出了一种在非线性时程分析中考虑材料应变率效应的近似方法：首先,对结构进行不考虑应变率效应的非线性时程分析;然后,根据第一次分析的结果可以得到关键位置在与结构最大顶点位移对应的前1/4循环内的平均应变率,根据这些点的平均应变率对进入非线性构件材料的本构关系进行修正;最后,对结构进行第二次分析。文中给出了该方法的力学解释,并通过数值模拟对该方法进行了验证。结论：本文提出的方法具有较高的精度,可以作为一种在非线性时程分析中考虑应变率效应的有效方法。     

Free and forced vibration analysis of laminated composite plates and shells using a 9-node assumed strain shell element

The natural frequencies of isotropic and composite laminates are presented. The forced vibration analysis of laminated composite plates and shells subjected to arbitrary loading is investigated. In order to overcome membrane and shear locking phenomena, the assumed natural strain method is used. To develop a laminated shell element for free and forced vibration analysis, the equivalent constitutive equation that makes the computation of composite structures efficient was applied. The Mindlin-Reissner theory which allows the shear deformation and rotary inertia effect to be considered is adopted for development of nine-node assumed strain shell element. The present shell element offers significant advantages since it consistently uses the natural co-ordinate system. Results of the present theory show good agreement with the 3-D elasticity and analytical solutions. In addition the effect of damping is investigated on the forced vibration analysis of laminated composite plates and shells.     

基于有限差分法的变截面旋转梁弯曲振动

根据哈密尔顿原理建立旋转梁的弯曲振动方程,运用有限差分方法对旋转梁的动力方程进行离散处理,得到旋转梁的质量和刚度矩阵。借助MATLAB振动工具箱对系统的弯曲振动进行模态分析,得到圆形、矩形和叶片类型三种变截面旋转梁的固有频率,并与相关文献进行比较。在差分离散矩阵的基础上,建立旋转梁的线性定常状态空间方程。运用MATLAB振动工具箱对旋转梁的自治系统和非自治系统进行仿真,分别求得旋转梁的时间位移曲线和相轨迹。最后对非自治系统的旋转梁进行频域分析,得到幅频特性和相频特性曲线。     

Computer aided analysis of strain rosette data

In this paper a computer program has been developed for analysing the strain gauge rosettes by considering the transverse sensitivity of all gauges. The program is capable of calculating principal strains, maximum shear strain, principal stresses, maximum shear stress and principal directions from the data obtained by using strain gauge rosettes of various configurations. The gauge factor and transverse sensitivity of all gauges in the rosette must be the same.     

Finite strain analysis by a stress-function method

A finite element method for finite inelastic strain analysis of solids and structures is described. The method, which is based on a direct discretization of the equations of compatibility and angular momentum balance, represents a generalization of the mixed stress function approach proposed for linear elasticity by de Veubeke (1975). It captures the main advantages of hybrid-stress, direct stiffness, and reduced integration finite element methods while avoiding their principal drawbacks. Examples are included which demonstrate important features of the method.     

斜拉桥主梁应变监测数据分析

基于健康监测系统的桥梁养护管理是保证其安全运营的重要科学手段,对监测数据进行分析以把握结构的特性和状态是一个必须的环节.结合东海大桥主航道斜拉桥健康监测的工程实践,用经验模态分解(EMD)法对结构健康监测系统实测的跨中应变数据进行了分析.首先将应变数据的动态响应成分和静态响应成分进行了分离.基于动态应变响应识别了结构模态频率,基于静态应变响应获得了过桥车辆数目的信息.结果表明,采用EMD方法可以实现对实测应变动静响应成分的分离,动静响应成分均具有较高的利用价值.     

Influence of rotation on vibration characteristics of thick composite disks

Abstract

Thick composite disks are utilized in fast-rotating machines, including turbine disks and flywheels. Dynamic equations of motion for a rotating composite disk have been formulated in a polar coordinate system using Hamilton’s principle, and numerical analysis has been performed by finite element interpolation. The natural frequencies of isotropic and laminated composite disks have been obtained when the rotational speed changes. The effects of transverse shear and rotary inertia on the vibration characteristics of rotating disks have also been investigated.     

The enhanced assumed strain method for the isogeometric analysis of nearly incompressible deformation of solids

Isogeometric analysis has recently become very popular for the numerical modeling of structures and fluids. Among other potential features, advantages of using a non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS)‐based isogeometric analysis over the traditional finite element method include the possibility of using higher‐order polynomials for the basis functions of the approximation space, which may be easily built on a recursive (hierarchical) fashion as well as higher convergence ratio. Nevertheless, NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis suffers from the same problems depicted by other methods when it comes to reproduce isochoric deformations, that is, it shows volumetric locking, especially for low‐order basis functions. Similar remedies as those that have been proposed for the finite element method may be appropriate for integration in the NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis and some have already been tried with success. In this work, the analysis of the underlying space of incompressible deformations of a NURBS‐based isogeometric approximation is performed with the main objective of understanding the likelihood of volumetric locking. As a remedy, the enhanced assumed strain methodology is blended with the NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis to alleviate the volumetric locking associated with incompressible deformations. The solution includes a stabilization term derived directly from a penalized form of the classical Veubeke–Hu–Washizu three‐field variational principle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

悬挑大跨混凝土框架-剪力墙结构弹塑性分析及试验研究

某拟建文化艺术中心是一个具有大空间、大悬挑等特点的混凝土框架-剪力墙结构,结构一端为多层大悬挑结构,最大悬挑长度为22m,并且在顶层中庭有30m的大跨度区域,属平面和立面均不规则的结构。本文采用NOSACAD和ABAQUS有限元程序建立整体结构分析模型,进行7度罕遇烈度下的弹塑性时程分析,研究了该结构在大震作用下的变形情况、塑性铰的分布以及受力机理等。计算结果表明：结构的悬挑端在竖向地震作用下的动力响应显著,剪力墙受拉损伤在结构底部和悬挑楼层处较为明显;但在大震下层间位移角满足规范要求;并对结构裙房截断后的模型进行了1/30的大缩尺模拟地震振动台试验,验证了截断模型方法在本试验中的合理性,最后根据构件的受力或损坏情况给出了设计改进建议。     

Grain-level statistical plasticity analysis on strain cycle fatigue of a FCC metal

The micromechanical strain cycle fatigue-life is systematically investigated by the micro-level numerical simulation, compared with symmetrical strain cycle experiments of copper, focusing on the characteristics of polycrystalline aggregation and the mechanism of microscale plastic deformation. A methodology to predict the low-cycle fatigue life by micro-level simulation along with statistical analysis is proposed through the following steps: (1) A crystal plasticity model is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic hardening mechanism of crystal slipping system. This model is applied to the calculations of crystal grain interior stresses and plastic strains. (2) A statistical representative volume element (SRVE) is constructed for a pure copper as a material model which features a polycrystalline Voronoi aggregation consisting of a number of crystal grains. This SRVE can be used for statistical analysis of the material inhomogeneous stresses and strains during cycle loading. (3) The simulations are performed to model the experimental cycle evolution of strain fatigue by using the SRVE under the symmetrical tensile–compressive loading. (4) Statistical and micromechanical analyses are carried out for the inhomogeneous interior stresses and strains of the SRVE of the polycrystalline copper in the low cycle regime. The resulting analysis can render the microscale interpretation and numerical simulation for the low-cycle fatigue evolution accordingly.     

基于和表的互相关计算方法在超声弹性成像中的性能分析

互相关计算方法的性能对超声弹性成像运动的计算效率起着决定性的作用。在串行计算环境下,基于和表的快速互相关算法在维持计算精度的同时可以获得更快的计算效率。然而,在并行计算环境下,尤其是GPU平台上,基于和表的快速互相关算法的实现以及性能还没有相关的报道。在本研究中,以二维超声弹性成像的运动追踪应用为目标,基于和表的快速互相关算法(ST-NCC)在GPU平台上得以实现,并且从计算效率及计算精度和传统的互相关算法进行了详细比较。初步结果显示,虽然基于和表的快速互相关算法(ST-NCC)在串行计算环境下获得了较好的计算效率,但是在GPU环境下,两种方法的计算效率没有较大的差距。     

应变计伺服液压缸测试方法研究

针对原有轧机伺服液压缸高频动态响应测试系统的不足,提出一种基于应变计的新型测试方法.运用ANSYS有限元软件得到机架表面适用于实验的应变测点,并利用现有轧机伺服液压缸实验设备,制定合理的实验方法和流程,进行液压缸测试实验.结果表明:应变-位移曲线和载荷-位移曲线均呈很好的线性关系,重复性好,可以满足现有轧机伺服液压缸高频动态响应测试系统的要求.     

体外预应力梁动力特性的能量法分析

不引入解析法中体外筋预拉力增量与梁中点振动位移成正比的假设,提出用能量法分析体外预应力梁动力特性。由于不引入解析法中的假设,梁自振频率也更准确,与数值解吻合良好。计算结果表明：解析法低估了体外筋对第1自振频率效应;高估了对第2自振频率效应;体外预应力筋对第1自振频率影响较大,对高阶的频率影响很小,可以不考虑其影响;随着体外筋面积和偏心距的增加,梁的第1自振频率也随之增加。在理论上,体外预应力能减小梁的自振频率,而体内预应力对梁的自振频率没有影响     

Error analysis and method of accuracy evaluation of strain gauge factor testing apparatus based on pure bending moment beams

For the appraisal of accuracy of strain gauge factor testing apparatus based on pure bending moment beams, the common means adopted since the 1960s and still in use internationally today are by application of the strain definition to measure directly the strain on the calibration beam surfaces. However, because of the imperfect measuring principle and inadequate resolution and accuracy of instruments available, etc., this problem has not been solved satisfactorily. This paper proposes a unique way by introducing two new concepts, i.e. the shape errors of the cylindrical surfaces and deflection errors of the bent calibration beam, in accordance with the features of the forces acting on the beam, and the geometric shape and dimensions of the beam in operation, to analyse and classify the various accidental and systematic errors involved. Through the two concepts, the task of appraisal of accuracy is simplified as the appraisal of the cylindricality of the cylindrical surfaces of the bent calibration beam and the appraisal of the three main parameters in the strain formula.     

光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器在霍普金森压杆上的冲击试验研究

利用复合材料封装光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)设计制作了用于测量高速碰撞或爆炸与冲击作用下混凝土内部动态应变的FBG应变传感器。在霍普金森压杆上对FBG在封装前的裸光栅和封装后的FBG传感器分别进行了高速冲击试验,试验表明：设计的FBG传感器的瞬态响应上升时间小于20μs,具有良好的动态响应特性,可以用于工程中混凝土结构内高速冲击下的动态应变测试     

A finite element ductile failure simulation method using stress-modified fracture strain model

This paper proposes a new method to simulate ductile failure using finite element analysis based on the stress-modified fracture strain model. A procedure is given to determine the stress-modified fracture strain as a function of the stress triaxiality from smooth and notched bar tensile tests with FE analyses. For validation, simulated results using the proposed method are compared with experimental data for cracked bar (tensile and bend) tests, extracted from API X65 pipes, and for full-scale burst test of gouged pipes, showing overall good agreements. Advantages in the use of the proposed method for practical structural integrity assessment are discussed.