响应面法优化真空油炸-热风联合干燥桃脆片工艺

以真空油炸温度、分阶段干燥的水分转换点、后期热风干燥阶段温度为影响因素,以桃脆片含油率为评价指标进行响应面优化分析,得出联合干燥最佳工艺参数为切片厚度2mm、漂烫3min、真空油炸温度87.1℃、水分转换点15.9%、热风干燥温度65.5℃。根据实际操作条件,调整最佳联合干燥工艺为切片厚度2mm、漂烫3min、真空油炸温度87℃、分阶段干燥的水分转换点16%、热风干燥温度66℃。验证实验表明,最佳工艺条件下测得联合干燥桃脆片的含油率为12.5%,与理论预测值的误差为5.9%。     

漂烫温度与干燥仓压力对豆丹真空冷冻干燥品质的影响

为了使豆丹在真空冷冻干燥后获得较高的品质,以干燥成功率、干燥时间、蛋白质保留率、色泽变化、复水率为衡量指标,确定豆丹的漂烫温度和干燥仓压力两个重要参数。试验以差示扫描量热法确定了豆丹共晶点为-19.9℃,以此确定豆丹的预冻温度为-28℃。结果表明,漂烫温度为60℃时干燥成功率可以高达97%,蛋白质保留率分别在漂烫温度为50℃和80℃时达到最高和最低。随着干燥室压力的减小,蛋白质保留率有减小的趋势。干燥仓压力对豆丹的色泽影响比较小。干燥仓压力为57 Pa、漂烫温度为60℃时干燥效果最佳,复水率最高。     

响应面法优化低脂甘薯脆片加工工艺

以红心甘薯为原料,优化低脂甘薯片生产过程中漂烫、热风干燥、油炸等关键工艺参数,以产品含油率和色差(L*值和b*值)为评价指标,并通过响应面优化确定最优的低脂甘薯片生产工艺.结果表明,较优漂烫工艺条件为:漂烫温度70℃,漂烫时间7 min;较优的热风干燥工艺条件为:热风干燥温度70℃,热风干燥时间40 min;最优油炸工...     

芒果真空冷冻干燥工艺的研究

以百色象牙芒为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥的方法,对芒果干燥过程的漂烫工艺、护色工艺以及真空冷冻干燥的参数控制等问题进行研究。结果显示:沸水烫的温度为95℃,漂烫时间为45s时,漂烫效果最好;0.30mol/L×10-3苹果酸和0.20mol/L×10-3抗坏血酸的复合液,护色时间10min,复合液pH3.5,此时的护色效果最佳;干燥过程分为升华干燥阶段和解析干燥阶段,升华干燥阶段,真空度为45~55Pa,加热板温度为35℃;解析干燥阶段,真空度为45~55Pa、加热板温度为55℃,此时干燥的产品品质最优。     

绿甜椒真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

以绿甜椒为加工对象,进行真空冷冻干燥工艺研究,重点探索烫漂、浸护液的处理方案和冻干工艺参数选择。结果表明：95℃烫漂70s能完全灭酶、防止褐变,并能提高冻干甜椒的复原率;烫漂后浸入20℃的5%(m/m) NaCl＋4%(m/m)葡萄糖＋0.4%(m/m) CaCl2的浸泡液中,浸泡20min,能有效提高冻干产品中叶绿素的保留率和复原率;冻干工艺参数为－20℃条件下速冻、冻干过程的真空压力30Pa、升华温度5℃条件下保持3h,解析温度40℃条件下保持1.5h,冻干甜椒的含水率低于5%(m/m),产品品质较好。     

海芦笋脱盐和真空油炸工艺的优化

研究了海芦笋的脱盐和真空油炸工艺.以漂烫时间,冷冻时间,水料比和真空渗透时间为因素,通过L16(45)正交实验,确定了最优脱盐工艺.通过以油炸温度,真空度,油炸时间为因素的L9(34)正交实验和甩油转速实验,确定了最优的真空油炸工艺.结果表明:海芦笋经过90 ℃漂烫漂烫6 min,再冷冻24 h,然后以水料比15∶1真空渗透脱盐6 h.经前干燥后于100 ℃,真空度0.095 MPa条件下真空油炸10 min,再以450 r/min的转速脱盐8 min后所得真空油炸海芦笋的品质最佳.     

响应曲面法优化鲜切铁棍山药的烫漂工艺研究

以鲜切铁棍山药为研究对象,在真空脱氧充氮条件下,采用烫漂处理,研究不同烫漂条件对山药酶活的影响。采用响应曲面法对烫漂时间、温度和真空度进行了优化,通过测定烫漂后山药片的多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性。结果表明,真空脱氧充氮烫漂处理鲜切铁棍山药的最佳工艺条件为:烫漂时间69.66 s,烫漂温度为60℃,真空度为0.03 MPa。研究结果为鲜切铁棍山药的无硫防褐变加工提供了新的思路。     

菊花脑热风干燥工艺的研究

通过正交试验,开展菊花脑热风干燥工艺研究,结果表明:菊花脑热风干燥的优选工艺参数为漂烫温度100℃、漂烫时间150s、浸泡处理配方15%糊精浸泡、干燥温度80℃。     

超声和烫漂预处理对红薯叶热风干燥的影响

采用超声、烫漂两种方式对红薯叶进行热风干燥前的预处理,研究超声时间、超声功率、超声温度和烫漂时间、烫漂液ZnAc_2与EDTA-2Na质量比、烫漂温度对红薯叶热风干燥后叶绿素、复水性、色差、干燥特性、能耗以及微观结构的影响。结果表明:超声处理的最佳工艺为超声时间10min、超声功率300W、超声温度40℃,经超声预处理的红薯叶干燥效率较高,皱缩率低,组织结构较为完整;烫漂处理的最佳工艺为烫漂时间60s、烫漂液ZnAc_2与EDTA-2Na质量比2:1、烫漂温度80℃,经护色液烫漂处理干燥后的红薯叶复水率、叶绿素含量和色泽都稍高,质构紧密均匀,细胞开孔率高,总能耗低。     

荷兰豆嫩荚干制品的生产工艺优选

通过单因素实验法和正交实验法确定合适的烫漂温度、烫漂时间、烫漂液和浸护液配方;通过比较产品色泽和复水比选择理想的干制工艺。研究表明,烫漂液中添加3%的食盐、200mg/L的柠檬酸和400mg/L的D-异抗坏血酸钠;烫漂温度95℃、烫漂时间为4min;浸护液采用10%糊精、10%蔗糖、5%食盐的配方;用真空干燥法得到的荷兰豆嫩荚的干制品色泽及综合品质最好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press