MIL-53(Al)与Al_2O_3负载铜铈催化剂的制备及CO氧化性能对比

以新型金属有机骨架材料MIL-53(Al)和传统多孔材料Al_2O_3为载体,采用满孔浸渍法负载铜铈金属离子,分别得到(Cu-Ce)/MIL-53(Al)催化剂与(Cu-Ce)/Al_2O_3催化剂用于CO氧化,对两种材料的催化性能进行了对比研究。样品通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及N_2物理吸附-脱附等方法进行表征。结果表明,载体MIL-53(Al)的比表面积高于Al_2O_3的比表面积,MIL-53(Al)上负载的铜铈颗粒分布均匀且粒径小于Al_2O_3上铜铈颗粒粒径。在CO氧化反应中,MIL-53(Al)负载铜铈催化剂的催化活性明显高于Al_2O_3负载的铜铈催化剂,(Cu-Ce)/MIL-53(Al)催化剂在120~130℃时使CO氧化的转化率达到100%,(Cu-Ce)/Al_2O_3催化剂在205~235℃时使CO氧化的转化率达到100%。     

低塑性加工对定向凝固镍基合金DZ125高温氧化性能的影响

本工作在常温下对定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ125进行表面低塑性加工(熨压),并研究其高温抗氧化性能。通过微观组织分析发现,DZ125经过低塑性加工后,表面层微观组织由原始柱状晶转变为纳米晶,平均晶粒尺寸约10 nm。研究DZ125在950℃时的恒温氧化性能发现,低塑性加工样品表面氧化物主要为氧化铝(Al_2O_3)。高温下Al_2O_3稳定性优于氧化铬(Cr_2O_3),对材料的高温抗氧化性能产生正面效应,获得的氧化膜相对致密且均匀,氧化动力学曲线呈现抛物线规律。通过EDS分析试样横截面,固溶态及低塑性加工态的DZ125出现了不同程度的内氧化,低塑性加工状态下,氧化层较厚且明显。     

搅拌摩擦加工对Al2O3/B4C/Al复合材料室温及高温力学性能的影响

目的研究搅拌摩擦加工对Al_2O_3/B_4C/Al复合材料力学性能的影响。方法将球形铝粉球磨成片状后氧化,并向其中混入质量分数为10%的碳化硼颗粒,热压成形后锻压,对锻饼进行一道次的搅拌摩擦加工,研究搅拌摩擦加工后复合材料的室温与高温力学性能。结果通过搅拌摩擦加工能显著提高材料室温强度,但与锻压态材料相比,材料高温强度降低。结论晶界处氧化铝对材料高温性能有重要影响,搅拌摩擦加工使晶界处氧化铝破碎并进入晶粒内部,提高了室温强度,但不利于提高高温性能。     

Al_2O_3-SiO_2系多晶耐火纤维热退化过程的研究

Al_2O_3-SiO_2系多晶耐火纤维是高温工业炉的高效绝热和节能材料,又是金属基和陶瓷基复合材料的增强材料。但是,要合理选择和使用这类材料,必须了解其在加热过程中的性能劣化过程。为此,作者自制了三种不同 Al_2O_3 含量的 Al_2O_3-SiO_2 系多晶耐火纤维,即 A_(72)(Al_2O_3 71.60%,SiO_2 27.60%)、A_(80)(Al_2O_3 80.50%,SiO_219.10%)和 A_(95)(Al_2O_3 94.70%,SiO_2 4.9%)。将三种纤维分别制成毡样,在     

磁控溅射和添加镱对Co—30Cr—7Al合金高温氧化性能的影响

阐明了CoCrAl合金高温氧化性能差的根源在于氧化过程中,除了金属离子M~+(主要是Cr~3和Co~(2+))通过氧化皮向外扩散外,还有O~(2-)和N~(3-)通过氧化皮向合基体扩散,发生内氧化和内氮化,生成α—Al_2O_3和AlN,使Al的来源衰竭,在表面不能生成完整的α-Al_2O_3保护膜的缘故。添加Y改变了氧化皮的生长机制,磁控溅射使涂层合金微晶化,均在外表面生成完整的具保护性的α—Al_2O_3氧化皮,是改善CoCrAl合金高温氧化性能的主要原因。     

纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

纳米Al_2O_3颗粒具有优异的力学性能,加入金属中可以大幅提高材料的拉伸强度、屈服强度、硬度等常温力学性能及高温性能。在目前的实验室及工业生产中,制备纳米Al_2O_3应用最广泛的是液相法,包括沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水解法、微乳液法等。纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料可以通过外加法或原位法制备。外加法是在制备复合材料之前单独合成纳米Al_2O_3颗粒,结合粉末冶金、熔铸等方法引入金属基体,但往往容易出现纳米增强体团聚及增强体与基体界面结合不好。适当的加工工艺,如机械合金化、摩擦搅拌工艺,能在一定程度上弥补这些缺点。原位法是使金属Al发生氧化反应,或基体中其他元素的氧化物与金属Al发生铝热反应生成Al_2O_3,再通过热压、挤出等致密化手段来制备纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料。原位法制备的复合材料往往增强相与基体界面结合更好,且纳米Al_2O_3在基体中分布更均匀、分散。纳米Al_2O_3在金属基复合材料中增强机制主要有两方面,一是Orowan机制,弥散在金属晶粒内部的纳米Al_2O_3颗粒起到阻碍位错通过的作用;二是部分纳米Al_2O_3分布在金属晶界附近,阻止晶界移动,从而阻止晶粒长大。最后展望了纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料的发展前景,指出显微组织结构的构型设计是进一步提高这类材料综合力学性能的有效途径。     

ZrO2晶粒聚集态和粉末特性对增韧的影响

用 TEM 研究了热压 ZrO_2增韧 Al_2O_3(ZTA)的样品中,ZrO_2晶粒聚集态对四方相→单斜相相变的影响。以 Y_2O_3为稳定剂的四方 ZrO_2多晶体(Y-TZP)原料中加入同样组份的团聚粉末或粗粉末,对 ZrO_2的相变有很大影响。讨论了实验结果。对改善材料性能提出了建议。     

NiCoCrAlYHf涂层材料的1200℃高温氧化行为

本文研究了采用精密铸造成型技术制备的NiCoCrAlYHf涂层材料在1200℃高温氧化行为。对于涂层材料试样进行了1200℃循环抗氧化实验,来评价其抗氧化性能,通过扫描电镜分析氧化后的试样显微形貌,用X-射线衍射仪分析涂层材料的相结构,通过氧化速率对涂层材料抗氧化性能进行表征。试验结果表明:NiCoCrAlYHf涂层材料在1200℃的循环氧化寿命大于300h;氧化后涂层材料表面形成了氧化膜以Al_2O_3为主,相结构主要由Al_2O_3和Ni_3Al为主。     

氩弧熔覆Fe-Al金属间化合物复合涂层的组织与性能

为改善Fe-Al金属间化合物的力学性能及抗高温氧化性能,利用氩弧熔覆方法在Q235钢上制备了Fe-Al熔覆层和Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆层。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、磨粒磨损试验机对氩弧熔覆涂层进行显微组织结构观察和磨损性能测试。采用高温氧化试验对涂层的耐高温氧化性进行了研究。结果表明:Fe-Al熔覆层形成FeAl和Fe_3Al相,而Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆涂层含有FeAl、Fe_3Al和Al_2O_3相;熔覆层的耐磨粒磨损性能优于基体且Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆层优于Fe-Al熔覆层;熔覆层的耐高温氧化性能明显提高,在700℃下,Fe-Al熔覆层和Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆层相比于基体分别提高了4.46和5.68倍。     

PS45/CuAl8伪合金复合涂层高温循环氧化行为

采用超音速活性电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体表面制备PS45/CuAl8伪合金复合涂层,将该涂层在600℃和800℃进行循环氧化,采用XRD、SEM和精密天不等手段对涂层的显微结构进行表征,研究了涂层的循环氧化性能。结果表明:PS45/CuAl8伪合金复合涂层主要由Al_2O_3、Cr_2O_3、α-Cu和γ-Ni固溶体组成,组织致密,颗粒成扁平状且扁平化程度高、分布均匀。经高温循环氧化后在涂层表面形成了一层致密的Al_2O_3+Cr_2O_3+Ni(Al,Cr)_2O_4薄膜,避免了Al_2O_3薄膜的剥落,从而降低了涂层氧化速率,提高了基体的抗高温循环氧化性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to