高产酒精酵母的筛选及鉴定

试验采用含有高浓度酒精选择性培养基从自然界中分离得到 1 1 5株耐高酒精酵母 ,经过初筛、复筛 ,得到 1株高产酒精酵母菌株SP 48,在料水比 1∶2 ,发酵 72h的条件下 ,静止发酵 ,成熟醪酒精的体积分数可达 1 6 2。经鉴定该酵母为酵母属 (Saccharomyces)的酿酒酵母 (Saccharomycescerevisiae)。     

发酵米酒中一些霉菌和酵母的性质与应用研究

从发酵米酒中分离筛选出2株能降解淀粉的霉菌和3株产酒精酵母菌,并对其发酵条件、产糖能力、产酒精量进行了初步研究.结果表明,1株霉菌对淀粉具有高糖化作用,28℃时淀粉转化率最高可达30.4%;在酵母产酒精试验中,1株酵母的积累酒精产量最高可达13.5%(v/v).发酵应用试验中,采用二次投入法得到的发酵米酒酒味醇香,酸甜适中.     

陕西稠酒小曲中高产酒精酵母的筛选和鉴定

从陕西糯米稠酒小曲中分离得到11株酵母菌,经过产气性能实验、TTC显色实验,初筛得到4株酵母,再通过发酵实验复筛,最终筛选出1株高产酒精酵母Y11。该菌株在28℃条件下,静止发酵96h后酒精体积分数可达10.5。通过形态分析和生理生化实验鉴定为酵母属(Saccharomyces)的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。     

使用絮凝酵母进行酒精连续发酵的研究

S．cerevisiaeKG．是从多株优良菌株分离得到的。这株菌种在生长、酒精发酵和絮凝特性等方面具有较高的活力。对这株酒精酵母的絮凝特性，即温度、pH、Ca+2浓度、菌体浓度和可发酵性糖对酵母絮凝特性的影响以及发酵液静置时酵母沉降分布进行了研究，并将该菌株应用在酒精连续发酵过程中（酒精连续发酵装置为具有细胞循环的双罐系统），酒精生产强度达到了30．5g/1·h。     

高温酵母的分离及其特性研究

从来源不同的基质中共分离得到227株耐高温酵母菌，经初筛、复筛和酒精发酵试验，获得一株耐高温的酵母菌株h-1，在42℃发酵72h，酒精产率为5.5％。研究了h-1菌株的形态和生理生化特性，经镜检观察和发酵糖类，同化碳源、同化氮源及无维生素生长试验，鉴定h-1菌株属于土星汉逊酵母（Hansenula Saturnus）。     

自然发酵哈密瓜果汁中酵母分离与鉴定

从自然发酵的哈密瓜汁中分离得到25株形态较好的酵母菌株,经过初筛、复筛,得到1株产酒精能力好,产气较快,最适温度28℃,能耐受150mg／L的SO2,耐浓度为15％的酒精的酵母菌株HM02。经鉴定该酵母为酵母属的酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisive）。     

靖州杨梅果酒发酵菌种筛选、鉴定及发酵性能研究

以不同杨梅园杨梅鲜果、杨梅叶和果园土壤为原料,共分离得到172株酵母菌。采用显色法、杜氏管法、糖发酵法和杨梅酒发酵法进行四级筛选,获得3株综合性能优良的菌株;经形态学、分子生物学鉴定为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)RY1、仙人掌有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora opuntiae)DY5与有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora pseudoquilliermondii)JW14。通过发酵性能研究发现,3株酵母均能耐受可溶性固形物含量(SSC)为32%、SO_2添加量为200mg/L、酒精含量为16%Vol、pH为2.0的环境;RY1酵母具有较强的发酵性能及耐受能力,适宜发酵杨梅果酒,DY5和JW14酵母具有较好的产香能力,适宜辅助发酵为杨梅酒增香。     

紫外线诱变法进行呼吸缺陷型酵母的选育研究

呼吸缺陷型酵母突变株是一类线粒体DNA发生突变的茵株，具有特殊的酒精代谢能力．因此在发酵产业的发展中起到了重要的作用。本文通过对野生型酵母菌进行紫外诱变，获取了呼吸缺陷型酵母突变体．通过正交试验确定诱变的最佳工艺为：照射剂量为15W、照射距离为22cm、照射时间为2min。本文对6株呼吸缺陷型酵母突变体进行了酒精发酵的酒精产量测定，试验得出野生型酒精产量平均值为9．441g／mL。而呼吸缺陷型酒精产量为9．468g／mL，从而得到了酒精高产菌株。     

高效酒精酵母菌的选育及鉴定

从各种腐败水果、葡萄园里土壤等不同基质中筛选分离得到144株酵母菌,采用耐热、耐酒精处理方法,结合TTC法初筛和复筛试验得到一株酒精发酵的高产酵母菌株,编号为TJ-18。研究结果表明,该菌糖利用率较高,且发酵力突出,40℃培养72 h,CO2失重为10.4 g,酒精产率最高可达5.9%(体积分数)。对其形态及特征做了常规鉴定实验,根据生理生化试验结果,并对照《TheYeast》对酵母的描述,确定TJ-18为酵母属的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。     

高产酒精絮凝酵母SY-130菌株的选育

以絮凝性强的葡萄汁酵母SN—154和高产酒精酵母菌种NHY4—36做亲本，通过原生质体融合技术，获得1株发酵速度快、高产酒精且絮凝性强的酵母菌株SY—130，以玉米淀粉为原料，32Y发酵60—68h，可产酒精17．5％—18．5％(v／v)，耐酒精度可达20％以上，酵母絮凝性能良好。     

高浓度糖蜜快速热澄清发酵酒精技术的研究

酒精高浓度发酵能够提高发酵醪液含酒分,可以节省酒精蒸馏蒸汽消耗量,减少酒精废醪液排放量,提高设备利用率,日益受到酒精生产企业的重视。目前糖蜜酒精生产发酵含酒分普遍偏低,糖蜜高浓度发酵面临很大困难,笔者认为主要原因是糖蜜中的灰分和胶体等杂质含量不断增高,会抑制酵母的繁殖和发酵,影响糖蜜高浓度发酵酒精。对糖蜜进行澄清处理是实现糖蜜酒精浓醪发酵的快捷途径,通过对糖蜜快速热澄清处理,得到糖蜜高浓度发酵酒精,与传统糖蜜酸化后发酵酒精相比,发酵含酒分明显提高,发酵成熟醪锤度降低。     

菠萝果酒酵母筛选及发酵性能测试

从不同成熟度的菠萝皮中分离酵母菌,通过一级筛选,得到45株产香和产酒较好的菌株,再通过杜氏管法筛选得到发酵速度较快的12株产香和产酒较优良的优势菌,三级筛选是将这12株菌接种到菠萝汁发酵液中,筛选出一株适合菠萝汁发酵的产酒和产香性能较优的菌株。并对该菌株的温度、pH值、初始糖度、SO2及酒精度耐受性进行了测试。结果表明,35℃以上的温度条件下酵母菌酒精产率下降,30℃产酒率最高;pH5.0酵母菌酒精达到最大;初糖浓度超过25°Be就对酵母菌产生抑制;SO2添加量为60mg/L时,酒精产率提高,产酒率随着添加量继续增加而减小;发酵液中酒精体积分数达到5%时,酵母菌的生长受到抑制,当达到8%,抑制效果加剧,超过11%以后,基本达到酵母菌的耐受极限。     

Use of unripe grapes harvested during cluster thinning as a method for reducing alcohol content and pH of wine

Background and Aims: Deep red full‐bodied wines can only be obtained from grapes with complete phenolic maturity, which frequently produce wines with high pH and alcohol content. The present study focuses on a new procedure for simultaneously reducing pH and ethanol content. Methods and Results: Grapes from cluster thinning were used to produce a very acidic low‐alcohol wine. The wine was treated with high doses of charcoal and bentonite. This odourless and colourless wine was used to reduce pH and ethanol content of wine produced from grapes, which had reached complete phenolic maturity. The anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin concentrations, the mean degree of polymerisation and the monomeric composition of proanthocyanidin of reduced‐alcohol wines were similar to those of their corresponding controls. Since the pH was lower, the colour of the reduced‐alcohol wines was more intense. No significant differences were found between reduced‐alcohol wines and their controls by triangle sensory tests using dark glasses for two of the three studied cultivars. Conclusion: The procedure described allowed production of wines with reduced alcohol content and pH, while retaining similar phenolic content and sensory properties. Significance of the Study: The proposed procedure is easy to apply, does not require specific equipment and offers a means of addressing the problem of wines developing high ethanol and low pH as a result of over‐ripening of grapes.     

灵芝菌丝体发酵酒的研制

研制了灵芝菌丝体发酵酒的工艺及关键参数,制成风味独特的、具有营养保健功能的灵芝菌丝体发酵酒。     

Calcium-promoted catalytic degradation of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs under a mild wet process

The authors achieved highly efficient degradation of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), which are known as persistent organic pollutants. Degradation was accomplished in 24 h through a simple stirring operation using safe and high workability metallic calcium, which acts as both a scavenger and a reducing agent, and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution under mild conditions in a sealed tube at 25 degrees C without a temperature increase within 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure during the reaction. In this system, reductive dechlorination by metallic calcium and catalytic reduction by Rh/C and generated hydrogen gas, without any external addition of hydrogen, exert a synergistic effect on the degradation of chlorinated compounds. Alcohol was used as a proton source and hydrogen, which was generated by a side reaction, causes an increase in the activity of Rh/C catalyst. Through the degradation of 4-chloroanisole in ethyl alcohol, anisole and cyclohexyl methyl ether were obtained in good conversions. Using ethyl alcohol as a solvent, treatment of dioxins and co-PCBs in a solution was markedly effective for degradation to reduce 2806 pg TEQ/ml of initial concentration to 31.8 pg TEQ/ml; its yield was 98.5%. Moreover, degradation in methyl alcohol took place in a 99.3% yield. That concentration ultimately reached 20.3 pg TEQ/ml under a mild wet process. All congeners of dioxins and co-PCBs were degraded in high conversions. In this degradation, lower aliphatic alcohol, such as methyl alcohol, is effective for making a new calcium surface as compared to alcohol with more methylene chains. In addition, it seemed that a higher pressure of hydrogen was easily generated in methyl alcohol, and then catalytic degradation was effectivley influenced.     

不同固定化酵母载体对啤酒风味成分影响研究

采用气相色谱分析法,主要考察了山毛榉木片、多孔陶瓷和海藻酸钠3种固定化酵母载体对啤酒风味物质成分的影响。结果表明,不同固定化酵母载体对啤酒风味物质成分的形成有较大影响,其中海藻酸钠载体固定化酵母的牢固程度最好,且载体正丙醇、异丁醇和异戊醇含量分别高于成品啤酒9%、8%和12%,啤酒含醇量较高,适于醇厚型啤酒发酵;山毛榉木载体生成的酯类物质较多,载体乙酸异丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯和己酸乙酯含量分别高于成品啤酒20.1%、14.3%、12.5%和17.4%,含酯量较高,适于淡爽型啤酒发酵;与另两种载体相比,多孔陶瓷载体双乙酰含量达到0.14 mg/L,不适合用于啤酒发酵。     

Relationships between disease control,green leaf duration,grain quality and the production of alcohol from winter wheat

BACKGROUND: Since demand for distilling wheat is expected to increase rapidly as a result of the development of the bioethanol industry, efficient production will become of increasing importance. Achieving this will require an understanding of the agronomic factors that influence both grain yield and alcohol yield. Therefore five field experiments using the winter distilling wheat variety Glasgow were conducted over three seasons (2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009) to study the relationships between foliar disease and alcohol yield. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between alcohol yield and the severity of the disease septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici), which was present in the experiments from natural infection. Retention of green flag leaf area as affected by disease control following fungicide application was also shown to be important for achieving high alcohol yields. Measurements of grain quality showed that high thousand‐grain weight and low grain protein concentration were significantly related to increased alcohol yield. CONCLUSION: The experiments showed the importance of disease management to protect alcohol yields in the distilling wheat crop. Fungicides that provide greater disease control and improved green leaf retention are likely to be beneficial to alcohol yield. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

乙醇冷冻提取法纯化磷脂酰胆碱(PC)的工艺研究

为了得到纯度较高的磷脂酰胆碱,对乙醇冷冻提取法纯化磷脂酰胆碱的工艺进行了研究.采用高效液相色谱法测定磷脂酰胆碱的含量,通过正交实验设计考察了乙醇浓度、料液比和提取时间等因素在不同水平下对磷脂酰胆碱含量的影响,对试验结果进行了方差分析和显著性检验.结果显示乙醇冷冻提取法最佳工艺组合为A2B3C3,即93%乙醇溶液,料液比1：3,冷冻条件下提取8.5 h,在选定的最佳工艺条件下得到的磷脂酰胆碱的含量由原来的33%提高到了75%,可见乙醇冷冻提取法能有效地纯化磷脂酰胆碱.     

营养型柿子酒生产技术

以澄清柿汁、食用酒精、蔗糖、蜂蜜等为原料,将柿汁醇化后,加入30 mL糖浆、80 mL纯净水和1.0 g柠檬酸调配而制成糖分含量高、酒精度低、风味独特的营养型柿子酒.