双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律模型及实验研究

在原单一燃料放热规律计算模型的基础上，针对双燃料发动机燃烧过程的特点，将其分为四个阶段，建立了一种新的双燃料发动机燃烧放热率计算模型。使用该模型，可以实现引燃燃料与主燃料放热率计算的分离。简要介绍了该模型的计算原理和方法。利用该模型分别计算了柴油-LPG双燃料发动机的引燃柴油、LPG及总体的燃烧放热率，分析了其燃烧过程及燃烧特性，并与试验结果进行了分析比较。为研究分析双燃料发动机的燃烧特性提供了一种便捷有效的方法。     

双燃料发动机放热率计算和试验分析

提出了一个描述双燃料发动机燃烧特性的多区模型,模型将气体燃料的燃烧和引燃柴油的燃烧分别进行考虑。建立了由实测示功图求解双燃料发动机放热率的微分方程式,开发了计算双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律的软件,并在一台生物质气-柴油双燃料发动机上与传统柴油机放热率计算模型进行了试验验证和对比。研究和试验结果表明,用传统柴油机分析方法计算双燃料发动机的放热率峰值偏大,所计算的缸内工质平均温度偏高,新模型计算的结果与实际情况更吻合。     

双燃料发动机的燃烧模型

针对双燃料发动机燃烧特性，建立了柴油喷雾扩散燃烧子模型和气体燃烧均质混合气火焰传播燃烧子模型，应用该模型研究了双燃料发动机燃烧机理，计算结果和实验结果相当吻合。计算表明：当引燃柴油比例较大时，双燃料发动机燃烧过程以喷雾混合控制燃烧为主，柴油喷雾扩散燃烧模型与实测较吻合；当柴油比例较小时，该过程以均质混合气火焰传播燃烧为主，均质混合气火焰传播燃烧模型与实测软吻合。计算结果表明，引燃柴油量对双燃料发动机性能影响较大，引燃柴油减少，着火滞燃期延长，缸内最大爆发压力升高。     

双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律分析及燃烧特性研究

从热力学和内燃机燃烧的基本理论入手 ,推导了计算分析双燃料发动机缸内工质成分和热力学参数的计算关系式以及求解双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律的微分方程式 ,基于面向对象技术开发了双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律计算软件。研究结果表明 :用传统柴油机分析方法计算双燃料发动机的放热率峰值偏小 ,所计算的缸内工质平均温度偏高 ,新模型计算的结果与实际情况更为吻合。该分析软件可以适用于多种燃料发动机 ,是内燃机燃烧放热规律的通用计算软件。双燃料发动机燃烧特性研究表明 :双燃料发动机初始放热率比纯柴油大 ,若着火始点在上止点后 ,双燃料缸内最大爆发压力比纯柴油低 ,否则比纯柴油高 ;控制双燃料发动机着火始点是控制缸内最大爆发压力和 NOx 排放的关键 ,双燃料发动机着火始点应在上止点后 ,可以使发动机爆发压力和 NOx 排放比纯柴油低。     

柴油/天然气双燃料发动机柴油燃烧策略的研究

基于自主研发的第三代并行式柴油/天然气双燃料发动机电控系统,利用FIRE软件建立柴油/天然气双燃料发动机柴油喷射系统的多次喷射模型。同时,通过进气压力控制过量空气系数,实现柴油/天然气双燃料发动机稀薄燃烧方式。针对高负荷工况,研究了多次喷射策略和稀薄燃烧方式对双燃料发动机最大压力升高率及NOx排放的影响。结果表明:发动机工作在高负荷及柴油替代率为80%时,采用双燃料稀薄燃烧方式能使NOx排放降低,但最大压力升高率仍可能超过安全临界值1MPa/(°)。采用合适的预喷射量与预喷射时刻能降低最大压力升高率。通过多次喷射和稀薄燃烧方式相结合的燃烧策略对缸内燃烧方式进行组织,可以实现双燃料发动机高替代率燃烧,并使高负荷时NOx排放达到或者低于国Ⅴ标准限值。     

LPG/柴油双燃料发动机性能试验和燃烧过程研究

根据燃烧分析仪测录的示功图对LPG／柴油双燃料发动机不同工况的燃烧百分率和燃烧率进行计算，分析其燃烧特性，得出了有关双燃料发动机燃烧的一些结论，为合理组织燃烧过程和提高双燃料发动机技术水平提供借鉴。     

R6160船用双燃料发动机的性能仿真与优化研究

针对改进型双燃料发动机燃烧效果较差的问题,采用一维仿真的方法,建立了R6160双燃料发动机模型。应用此模型研究了喷油正时、天然气喷气正时和过量空气系数对燃烧的影响;对喷油正时和天然气喷气正时的改进效果进行了试验验证。试验结果表明:合理调整喷油正时和天然气喷气正时能有效改进双燃料发动机的性能。     

LPG／柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性的研究

对柴油/LPG双燃料发动机不同工况下的燃烧百分率和燃烧率进行了计算。分析了双燃料发动机的燃烧特性,找出了实现最佳燃烧所对应的引燃油量。计算了双燃料发动机最高燃烧压力循环变动,找出了它随引燃油量变化的规律。为合理组织燃烧过程提供理论依据。     

柴油/天然气发动机燃烧系统协同优化方法

采用KIVA-3V软件耦合多目标遗传优化算法NSGA-3,开展了柴油/天然气双燃料发动机的引燃柴油喷射参数、运行参数和燃烧室结构参数的协同优化研究.将湍流火焰速度封闭模型(TFSC)与PaSR燃烧模型耦合,建立柴油/天然气双燃料发动机复合燃烧模型.结果表明:复合燃烧模型能较好地模拟柴油/天然气发动机的燃烧过程;采用KIVA3V-NSGA3程序进行了双燃料发动机运行参数、喷射参数等多目标参数的协同优化;多目标参数优化结果的数据对比分析揭示了设计参数对目标参数的影响规律;涡流比和喷射参数的变化会对燃烧室内温度、NOx和CH4的分布产生较大影响.     

6210双燃料发动机性能试验及分析

本文主要介绍了6210双燃料发动机的基本结构、电液联控天然气喷射系统、性能试验等。并浅析了该双燃料发动机的燃烧情况,主要参数是最高燃烧压力、排气温度。同时,本文引入了另一型号的双燃料发动机与6210双燃料发动机进行了对比。     

柴油、天然气双燃料发动机的燃烧特性分析

研究了柴油,天然气双燃料发动机的燃烧特性,并着重分析了引燃柴油供给系统参数对双燃料发支持性的影响。以试验为基础,首先简要比较了柴油,天然气双燃料发动机与柴油机的燃烧特性,并对比了负荷对双燃料发动机燃烧特性的影响。然后分析了最小循环喷油量,引燃柴油量,引燃油喷射压力,喷嘴参数及供油提前角等引燃柴油供给系统参数对最高爆发压力,燃烧放热率,着火开始时间、累积燃烧放热率等柴油,天然气双燃料发动机燃烧特性的     

压燃式双燃料发动机燃烧模型的新进展

本文提出了用含有１１９个化学反应式，４１种化学组分的燃烧模型，实现了对甲烷（ＣＨ４）－柴油双燃料发动机燃烧过程的描述。与现有模型相比，本模型创建了化学反应机理子模型及相应的气相反主尖的理论体系，克服了凭经验组合反应机理的缺点；用多区燃烧模型代替了对引燃油瞬时燃尽假设的引燃油燃烧模型，在传热学模型中考虑了辐射因素，并局用热力学性质代替整体热力学性质进行传热计算。     

Pressure–time characteristics in diesel engine fueled with natural gas

Combustion pressure data are measured and presented for a dual fuel engine running on dual fuel of diesel and compressed natural gas, and compared to the diesel engine case. The maximum pressure rise rate during combustion is presented as a measure of combustion noise. Experimental investigation on diesel and dual fuel engines revealed the noise generated from combustion in both cases. A Ricardo E6 diesel version engine is converted to run on dual fuel of diesel and compressed natural gas and is used throughout the work. The engine is fully computerized and the cylinder pressure data, crank angle data are stored in a PC for off-line analysis. The effect of engine speeds, loads, pilot injection angle, and pilot fuel quantity on combustion noise is examined for both diesel and dual engine. Maximum pressure rise rate and some samples of ensemble averaged pressure–crank angle data are presented in the present work. The combustion noise, generally, is found to increase for the dual fuel engine case as compared to the diesel engine case.     

Improving the performance of dual fuel engines running on natural gas/LPG by using pilot fuel derived from jojoba seeds

The use of jojoba methyl ester as a pilot fuel was investigated for almost the first time as a way to improve the performance of dual fuel engine running on natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at part load. The dual fuel engine used was Ricardo E6 variable compression diesel engine and it used either compressed natural gas (CNG) or LPG as the main fuel and jojoba methyl ester as a pilot fuel. Diesel fuel was used as a reference fuel for the dual fuel engine results. During the experimental tests, the following have been measured: engine efficiency in terms of specific fuel consumption, brake power output, combustion noise in terms of maximum pressure rise rate and maximum pressure, exhaust emissions in terms of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, knocking limits in terms of maximum torque at onset of knocking, and cyclic variability data of 100 engine cycles in terms of maximum pressure and its pressure rise rate average and standard deviation. The tests examined the following engine parameters: gaseous fuel type, engine speed and load, pilot fuel injection timing, pilot fuel mass and compression ratio. Results showed that using the jojoba fuel with its improved properties has improved the dual fuel engine performance, reduced the combustion noise, extended knocking limits and reduced the cyclic variability of the combustion.     

双燃料内燃机引燃油混合气形成与燃烧过程模型研究

对于双燃料发动机，引燃油蒸发、混合与燃烧是在天然气与空气混合物为介质的情况下，通过采用离散液滴模型，模拟了引燃油的蒸发与混合过程；采用经过修正的Shell模型，对引燃油的着火过程进行了数值模拟；以阿伦纽斯公式为基础，综合湍流对化学动力学的影响，提出了一个新的燃烧模型．经过模拟计算与实验对比，验证了该数值模型的模拟效果．     

Dual fuel mode operation in diesel engines using renewable fuels: Rubber seed oil and coir-pith producer gas

Partial combustion of biomass in the gasifier generates producer gas that can be used as supplementary or sole fuel for internal combustion engines. Dual fuel mode operation using coir-pith derived producer gas and rubber seed oil as pilot fuel was analyzed for various producer gas–air flow ratios and at different load conditions. The engine is experimentally optimized with respect to maximum pilot fuel savings in the dual fuel mode operation. The performance and emission characteristics of the dual fuel engine are compared with that of diesel engine at different load conditions. Specific energy consumption in the dual-fuel mode of operation with oil-coir-pith operation is found to be in the higher side at all load conditions. Exhaust emission was found to be higher in the case of dual fuel mode of operation as compared to neat diesel/oil operation. Engine performance characteristics are inferior in fully renewable fueled engine operation but it suitable for stationary engine application, particularly power generation.     

A renewable pathway towards increased utilization of hydrogen in diesel engines

In the present work, dual fuel operation of a diesel engine has been experimentally investigated using biodiesel and hydrogen as the test fuels. Jatropha Curcas biodiesel is used as the pilot fuel, which is directly injected in the combustion chamber using conventional diesel injector. The main fuel (hydrogen) is injected in the intake manifold using a hydrogen injector and electronic control unit. In dual fuel mode, engine operations are studied at varying engine loads at the maximum pilot fuel substitution conditions. The engine performance parameters such as maximum pilot fuel substitution, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific energy consumption are investigated. On emission side, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions are analysed. Based on the results, it is found that biodiesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine could utilize up to 80.7% and 24.5% hydrogen (by energy share) at low and high loads respectively along with improved brake thermal efficiency. Furthermore, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions are significantly reduced compared to single fuel diesel engine operation. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has also been studied with biodiesel-hydrogen dual fuel engine operations. It is found that EGR could improve the utilization of hydrogen in dual fuel engine, especially at the high loads. The effect of EGR is also found to reduce high nitrogen oxide emissions from the dual fuel engine and brake thermal efficiency is not significantly affected.