La0.5—xCexBa0.5CoO3化合物的磁性和输运特性

在La0.5-xCexBa0.5CoO3中，系统研究了Ce对La替代效应。Ce的掺入首先产生了电荷转移效应。材料高温磁化率测量表明，每个Ce原子向Co的3d壳层转移2.86个电子，结果随Ce掺入量增加，材料磁矩成线性下降。另外，随Ce含量增加，材料居里温度单调下降，这是由于稀土离子的尺寸效应。在所研究的温度范围内，所有材料的导电机理都属于极化子的变程跳跃导电。由于电荷转移效应，使材料电阻率随Ce掺入量增加而迅速加大。当La全部被Ce替代后，室温下材的电阻率提高了五个数量级以上。     

La0.5Ba0.5CoO3中的Pr掺杂效应

用固相反应法制备了La0.5-xPrxBa0.5CoO3系列化合物，系统研究了Pr不同含量时材料的磁性和电输运特性，结果表明：Pr掺杂没有改变Co的3d电子的巡游特性。随Pr掺杂量增加，材料的分子磁矩单调下降，其原因是当Pr逐渐取代La时，Co离子的3d电子逐渐由中间自旋态向低自放态转变。随Pr含量增加，材料的居里温度逐渐下降，这是由于稀土离子的尺寸效应，电阻测量表明：在所研究的温度范围内，居里温度以下，所有掺Pr材料的导电机制为热扩散型。居里点以上，导电机制为变程跳跃导电。     

La-Gd-Ca-Mn-O的磁性、电性和磁电阻效应

在La0 67Ca0 33 MnO3 中进行了掺Gd研究 ,结果发现 ,经 140 0℃烧结的样品 ,获得了最佳的磁电阻效应。随掺Gd量增加 ,材料的相变温度逐渐下降 ,对应的峰值电阻率大幅度增加 ,居里温度逐渐下降 ,磁电阻比明显提高。掺入 11%的Gd后 ,可以使磁电阻比提高一个数量级。这些变化可以用晶格效应来解释。     

La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ薄膜的制备及其电学性能

采用离子束溅射法在氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）和SiO2衬底上溅射＜薄膜，测试了不同工艺制备的La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ薄膜样品的XRD谱和电导率。分析了薄膜表面微结构以及电学性能。结果表明：在YSZ衬底上生长的La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ薄膜随着热处理温度的升高取向增强，当薄膜经过750℃热处理后结晶度最好；各样品直流电导率在低温段的Arrhenius曲线近似为直线，表明材料的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制；交流电导率在低频段（＜100kHz）电导率主要是靠晶界导电贡献的，而在高频区（＞100kHz），样品对交流电响应更加明显，电导率主要是靠晶粒导电贡献的。     

La—Gd—Ca—Mn—O的磁性、电性和磁电阻效应

在La0.67C0.33MnO3中进行了掺Gd研究，结果发现，经1400℃烧结的样品，获得了最佳的磁电阻效应，随掺Gd量增加，材料的相变温度逐渐下降，对应的降值的电阻率大幅度增加，居里温度逐渐下降，磁电阻比明提高，掺入11％的Gd后，可以使磁电阻比提高一个数量极，这些变化可以用晶格效应来解释。     

La0.67 Ca0.33 MnO3和La0.67 Ba0.33 MnO3中Dy的置换作用

在La0.67Ca0.33MnO3和La0.67Ba0.33MnO3中用Dy对La进行了置换研究。结果发现，随掺Dy量的增加，两类材料的居里温度和金属-绝缘体相变温度单调下降，峰值电阻率单调增加。在Ca系样品中，掺入13％的Dy后，在5T的磁场下，最大磁电阻比达到7900％。在Ba系样品中．掺Dy对磁电阻的影响要小得多。掺Dy对材料性质的影响可以用晶格效应来解释，但晶格效应产生的作用与碱土离子的品种有明显关系。     

La0.67Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3多晶陶瓷结构及电学性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备La0.57Ca0.33-0.5xLixMnO3(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.20)多晶陶瓷,用XRD分析多晶陶瓷的晶体结构,用SEM对多晶陶瓷的微观形貌进行分析,用标准四探针法测量电阻率-温度关系.结果表明,随着Li掺杂量的增加,所有样品均为斜方晶系,晶胞体积不断减小,金属-绝缘体转变温度(Yp)降低,电阻率不断增加,电阻率温度系数(TCR)不断减小.低温区域(T＜TP)的电阻率数据可以用ρ(T)=ρ0+ρ2T2 +ρ4.5T4.5进行拟合;高温区域(T＞TP)的电阻率数据可以用小极化子跃迁(SPH)模型和变程跳跃(VRH)模型进行拟合.整个温度区域(100～300 K)可以使用渗透模型对电阻率进行拟合.从拟合数据可知极化子激活能Ea随Li掺杂量的增加而增大,这是由于Li的加入减小了Mn3+-O2--Mn4+的键角,增大了有效带宽的间隙,因此也减弱了双交换作用,增大了电阻率.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的制备与性能

采用传统的干压成型法制备了Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同K0.5Bi0.5TiO3含量对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的微观结构与电性能的影响规律.结果表明,Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷随K0.5Bi0.5TiO3含量增加,晶格常数增大,密度减小,晶粒尺寸减小,压电常数先增大后减小,介电常数增大,介电损耗增加,机械品质因数下降,而居里温度不断升高,在200℃附近存在由铁电相向反铁电相转变的一个相变点,组分为0.84 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.16 K0.5Bi0.5TiO3的陶瓷位于准同型相界附近,具有最佳的压电性能.     

新型溶胶-凝胶工艺制备La0.5Ca0.5MnO3薄膜及性能分析

鉴于以醇盐为原料溶胶-凝胶制备La0.5Ca0.5MnO3薄膜工艺中存在诸多苛刻因素,本文以无机盐为原料采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在SiO2/Si(100)衬底上制备了La0.5Ca0.5MnO3薄膜.并用XRD、SEM和TEM等分析手段对薄膜进行了表征,通过不同磁场下电阻-温度(R-T)曲线,研究了样品的磁电阻(CMR)效应...     

Zr4+B位置换对(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe(0.5)Nb0.5)O3

研究了Zr4+离子B位置换改性对(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3陶瓷微波介电性能.实验结果表明,(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3(PCFNZ)陶瓷样品呈现单一斜方钙钛矿相结构.随Zr(4+)离子的置换量增加,PCFNZ陶瓷体系的Qr值和晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;介电常数εr随着置换量增加...     

Enhanced capacity for lithium–air batteries using LaFe0.5Mn0.5O3–CeO2 composite catalyst

LaFe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃ and Ce-incorporated LaFe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃ catalysts for Li–air batteries were synthesized by co-precipitation (CP) and micro-emulsion methods with the increasing Ce/(La+Ce) ratios from 0 to 0.5. Ce has a low solubility in LaFe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃ perovskite lattices. Instead of forming single-phase La_1?x Ce _x Fe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃ perovskite, a multi-phase LaFe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃–CeO₂ composite was obtained even for Ce/(La+Ce) = 0.05. Such catalysts were used in the cathode of Li–air batteries and the discharge test showed that LaFe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃–CeO₂ composite catalyst can effectively improve the specific capacity with the highest capacity of ~4700 mAh/g for Ce/(La+Ce) = 0.05 (by CP). There is also a 0.05 V increase in discharge voltage compared with the reference cell without catalyst, with the discharge voltage plateau at ~2.75 V. The overall ranking in terms of capacity was Ce/(La+Ce) = 0.05 > Ce/(La+Ce) = 0.1 > Ce/(La+Ce) = 0.5 > Ce/(La+Ce) = 0. The capacity increase for Ce/(La+Ce) = 0.05 and 0.1 samples is attributed to the enhanced oxygen storage/release capability and the increased conductivity with the incorporation of CeO₂.     

(Nd0.75Na0.25)1-x(Nd0.5Ca0.5)xMnO3中电荷有序稳定性关系的超声研究

系统研究了（Nd0.75Na0.25）1-x（Nd0.5Ca0.5）xMnO3（x=0、0．25、0．5、0．75、1）单相多晶样品在低温下的电磁输运性质和超声特性．电阻和磁化率的测量表明所有样品均发生了电荷有序相变．随着钠掺杂量的增加，电荷有序相变温度（Tco）向低温移动同时低温端磁化强度增大，并且电荷有序态趋向于不稳定和短程化．超声纵波声速从室温开始随着温度的降低逐渐减小，在Tco之后声速急剧硬化．这种超声异常表明体系中存在着强烈的电-声子相互作用，该电-声子耦合来源于Mn^3＋的Jahn-Teller效应．对纵波模量软化部分的拟合显示，随着钠的掺入，反映Jahn-Teller效应大小的Jahn-Teller耦合能EJT变小．分析认为电荷失配效应是导致电荷有序被抑制和Jahn-Teller耦合能EJT变小的主要因素．     

La-Mg-Ni系A5B19超晶格负极材料相结构及电化学性能EI北大核心CSCD

感应熔炼制备La0.8-xCexMg0.2 Ni 3.8(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5),研究Ce替代部分La对La4MgNi19超晶格负极材料相结构及电化学性能的影响。研究表明,La4MgNi19合金相由LaNi5,(La,Mg)2Ni7,(La,Mg)5Ni19(3R-Ce5Co19)相组成。加入Ce后,(La,Mg)2Ni7相消失,出现2H-Pr 5Co 19结构的(La,Mg)5Ni19相,同时随着Ce替代量的增多,(La,Mg)5Ni19相含量增多,LaNi5相随之减少,Ce加入有利于形成A5B19相,特别是形成2H-Pr5Co19结构。电化学放电容量随着x值的增加呈现先增后减趋势,x=0.1时样品的电化学放电容量380.36 mAh/g最佳。合金电极活化次数、容量保持率和倍率放电性能随着Ce含量增加而增大。H在合金中的扩散速率是影响其倍率放电性能主要因素。     

Thermomechanical Analysis of (Cu0.5Tl0.5)-1223 Substituted by Pr and La

The thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5 Ba 2 Ca 2 x R x Cu 3 O 10 δ,where R=Pr and La,with 0.0≤x≤0.15,was carried out in temperature range from 450 to 1145 K.The samples were prepared by singlestep solid state reaction technique.The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The superconductivity of the prepared samples was investigated by electrical resistivity measurement.The results showed that low substitution content enhanced the (Cu 0.5 Tl 0.5)1223 phase formation,while the higher substitution content degraded this phase.The higher superconducting transition temperatures T c were found to be 114 K and 109 K at x= 0.025 for Pr-and La-substitutions,respectively.The average linear thermal expansion coefficient increased as x increased,while the shrinkage temperature decreased as x increased.Those results were emphasized by porosity and Vickers microhardness calculations.Debye temperature θ D was calculated from the linear thermal expansion coefficient data and correlated to T c to estimate the electron-phonon coupling λ ep.     

添加Co对AB3.5型储氢合金结构及性能影响的理论与实验研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用总能量平面波赝势方法,设计了La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCox(x=0、0.25、0.5、0.75)系列合金,并研究了其晶体及电子结构.计算结果显示随着Co含量的增加,La原子上的电荷转移先增大后保持不变,在Co含量为0.5时达到最大;费米能级处的态密度值先增加后稍减小,Co含量在0.5时达到最大.利用悬浮感应熔炼法制备了该系列合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCox(x=0、0.3、0.5、0.7).对熔炼所得合金进行了结构和性能表征,XRD结果显示,随着Co含量的增加,合金的主相均为Ce2Ni7型AB3.5相;电化学测试显示,x=0.5时,合金的放电容量和循环性能均较好,为398.5 mAh/g,容量保持率S250为62%;PCT结果表明,在室温条件下合金的吸氢平台在0.04~0.09 MPa之间,当x=0.5时,吸氢平台压最低,为0.04 MPa,同时吸氢量最大,为1.587wt%.综合分析计算和实验的结果,AB3.5合金性能随Co添加量的变化趋势符合第一性原理计算的预测.     

Ce对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的掺杂和扩渗改性研究

为改善Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3材料的电性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体.通过液相Ce掺杂和气相Ce扩渗两种方法,对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体进行了改性,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、阻抗分析仪和电阻仪对改性前后Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的组成、结构和电性能的变化进行了研究.结果表明:Ce元素的添加有助于Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体电阻率的降低,而扩渗改性使电阻率的降低更为显著,经600℃扩渗的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的电阻率由3.71×106Ω.m降至2.39×101Ω.m;稀土Ce掺杂使Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的介电常数减小,而Ce扩渗使Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的介电常数显著增大;Ce掺杂使粒径更加均匀,而随着气相扩渗温度的提高,晶粒粒径逐渐变大;Ce掺杂没有改变Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的主晶相结构,但Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体经Ce扩渗后,出现了单质Bi及Bi2Ti2O7、Na2Ti9O19、Na2Ti6O13的特征峰.     

Synthesis and structure analysis of La0.5SR0.5TiO3 nanoparticles prepared by thermal decomposition method

La0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (LSTO) nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition method using Cl3La, CI2Sr x 6H2O and C16H28O6Ti as starting materials. The obtained precursor in a powder form was calcined at 700, 900, 1100 and 1300 degrees C for 3, 6 and 9 h in air. The structures of all samples were analyzed by XRD and some of them were taken for SEM, TEM and VSM measurements. The results from SEM showed the parallelpipe like shape of the particles with sizes distributed between 80 and 180 nm and the sizes of these particles were increased with the increasing of calcination temperature and time. The XRD's results showed the perovskite structure with the lattice type of orthorhombic at the calcination temperature of 900, 1100 and 1300 degrees C for 3, 6 and 9 h. The TiO and others unknown phase were found at low calcination temperature and they were disappeared as the calcination temperature and time were increased. The results of TEM support the orthorhombic structure of LSTO nanoparticles with crystallite size less than 200 nm as revealed by SEM and XRD. The magnetic property of all samples was measured by VSM and revealed that those prepared at 700, 900, and 1100 degrees C exhibit diamagnetic behavior, whereas one at 1300 shows ferromagnetism at room temperature. In this work, it is found that the nano-LSTO of high crystalline phase and purity can be prepared by thermal decomposition method at calcination temperature of 900 to 1300 degrees C in air for 6-9 h.     

Electrocatalytic behavior of calcium doped LaFeO3 as cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell

La(1-x)Ca(x)FeO3 (X = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, abbreviated as LCF) as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) was synthesized by new route of glycine nitrate method. LCF materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrical and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The powder LCFs exhibited single phase with orthorhombic structure, highly porous and small nanoparticles with average size of 200-300 nm. The electrical conductivities of LCFs increased as increasing the Ca content and achieved the maximum electrical conductivity of 148 Scm(-1) for La0.6Ca0.4FeO3 (X = 0.4) at 550 degrees C. The improved conductivity of LCFs could be a promising cathode material for IT-SOFCs. In the impedance analysis of fabricated symmetry cell with the optimized La0.6Ca0.4FeO3 cathode and Ce0.8Sm0.2O3 (SDC) electrolyte, the minimum area specific resistance (ASR) of 0.15 omegacm2 was observed at 850 degrees C, which may due to the lowest activation energy (1.55 eV), resulting from the reduction of oxygen molecules into oxygen ions. It was found that calcium doping was essential to increase the charge carrier concentration of lanthanum iron oxide materials, resulting in the high conductivity at intermediate temperature.