基于边界曲线弧分割的多椭圆检测

不同于传统的Hough变换算法,提出一种基于边界弧分割的椭圆检测方法。首先将边界从交点处分割成弧段,将得到弧段划分为长弧和短弧两组并按长度降序排序,然后从两组中找出属于某个椭圆的若干弧段,利用最小二乘法拟合得到候选椭圆并验证是否为真正椭圆。实验表明该算法能快速检测出图中椭圆,运行时间远小于采用随机Hough变换算法,在具有噪声、椭圆残缺的情况下仍能有较好的检测结果。     

航天运载器端面特征的新型图像特征识别方法

基于航天运载器端面的固有特征,结合现有航天图像测量系统的硬件平台,提出一种端面图像特征提取与识别方法,获取视场内关键目标端面特征信息,对后续图像物理量参数优化解算起到指导性作用.以运载器端面椭圆特征为基础,利用Canny算子检测出图像中端面椭圆边缘特征,将特征边缘拆分为若干弧段,通过弧段拟合、弧段合并、椭圆提取等方法,实现端面特征的准确提取.仿真试验结果表明:该图像特征识别方法实时性好、精度高,可显著提高运载器图像测量能力.     

全景图像海天线提取及舰船目标自动检测

为实现海洋环境下全景摄像机自动目标检测,提出了一种全景图像海天线提取算法及海天线上舰船目标检测方法;首先,分析了全景图像中海天线的成像特点,使用基于分区的自适应阈值Canny边缘检测算法进行边缘检测,并对海天线边缘进行双阈值梯度方向过滤;然后,对图像边缘进行细化,提出了基于最长曲线法的海天线边缘提取算法并进行椭圆拟合得到海天线边缘成像椭圆方程;最后,介绍了根据海天线椭圆方程对海天线上舰船目标进行检测的方法;使用3种不同海洋环境下拍摄的图像进行了实际测试,实验结果表明:该方法可有效地检测出复杂海天背景下的海天线及海天线上舰船目标,海天线提取成功率可达95%以上,对径向成像高度超过10个像素的目标识别成功率可达90%。     

基于EDContours和EDCircles的胚胎自动识别算法

针对EDCircles算法在胚胎边缘检测上存在部分丢失的问题,集成EDContours算法,获得精确的胚胎边缘;结合EDCircles中的EDLines算法获得线段图,依据直线向量间的夹角和方向约束,将线段连接成弧,应用最小二乘圆拟合算法和增强的直接最小二乘椭圆拟合算法,输出圆和椭圆检测图;设置圆半径与椭圆短轴的约束值,去除伪圆和伪椭圆,给出最终的检测结果。实验结果表明:该算法具有良好的准确性与通用性,能够实现胚胎卵裂球的快速检测和精确定位。     

视觉测量中环状编码标记点检测与识别方法

针对视觉测量中环状编码标记点检测识别易受成像角度、光照等因素影响的问题,提出了一种基于编码环采样的解码识别方法.使用Canny算子对图像进行边缘检测,提取图像轮廓结构信息,基于尺寸和形状约束,滤除非标记点轮廓;使用Otsu算法进一步提取标记点边缘环状邻域,通过最小二乘椭圆拟合求解椭圆参数,通过椭圆参数约束,再次滤除非标...     

面向惯性约束聚变实验靶图像的快速椭圆检测

目的：针对惯性约束核聚变实验中靶图像轮廓模糊、亮度不均匀等问题,并从提高图像处理实时性角度出发,提出了一种高可靠性和高精度的快速椭圆检测方法。方法：首先利用椭圆边缘点在它与圆心相连方向上具有较大灰度变化率这一特点,以预估中心点为极点建立极坐标系,通过从极点出发的射线上灰度变化率极值点搜索实现椭圆边缘点检测,极值点搜索在图像局部范围进行保证边缘点检测的有效性和实时性;其次利用基于RANSAC的自适应椭圆参数提取算法得到最终椭圆参数,该方法利用椭圆参数空间聚类分析选取最优椭圆参数,从而实现了一致样本集的自适应选择,保证了椭圆参数拟合精度的同时提高了算法的适应性和鲁棒性。结果：采用本文算法检测一幅图像的平均时间约为110ms,与常用椭圆检测方法相比检测速度有显著提高。结论：对比实验表明,本文提出的椭圆检测方法与其他方法相比具有更高的精度、更快的实时性和更强的鲁棒性。     

局部PCA参数约束的Hough多椭圆分层检测算法

针对随机Hough变换(RHT)在复杂图像中检测圆及椭圆时随机采样所造成的大量无效采样、无效累积以及运算时间长等问题,提出基于局部PCA感兴趣参数约束Hough多椭圆分层检测思路。首先利用边缘检测算子获得边缘信息并去除边缘交叉点,在边缘图像中标记并提取出满足一定长度的连续曲线段;其次利用线段PCA方向分析确定是否属于有效曲线段;然后,对所有感兴趣曲线段按照标记顺序依次利用椭圆拟合办法初步得到感兴趣椭圆粗略参数,根据拟合结果进而模糊约束Hough变换参数搜索范围,得到精确椭圆参数;最后利用检测结果更新图像空间,删除已经检测到的椭圆,依次进行,直到所有椭圆检测完毕。实验结果表明,该算法在计算、存储消耗上均大大减少。     

使用广义正交概念的K-RANSAC椭圆提取

开发了一个使用广义正交概念的K-RANSAC椭圆提取算法.该算法通过使用广义正交概念,成功地把圆的所有性质推广到椭圆;通过仿射变换把水平-垂直种子点对一般化为任意种子点对情况;通过对边缘点集的归一化运算,有效地正则化了提取椭圆的边缘点集的病态性;并通过直接估计椭圆参数的广义本征分析技术,进一步提高椭圆的可检测性和拟合精度.理论分析和实验结果表明,所开发的椭圆提取算法具有鲁棒性强、适用范围广、精度高、速度快等优点.     

基于椭圆检测的充电口识别

针对于新能源汽车的全自动充电技术,为了实现充电设备快速插接充电口的目的,提出了一种基于椭圆检测的充电口识别方法。该方法利用图像的预处理加强边缘,并结合Canny边缘检测得到边缘,将检测的边缘利用八邻域边缘跟踪筛选短弧,以边缘梯度的正负性以及边缘的凹凸性为基准将检测边缘分为4类椭圆弧边缘。在此基础上,根据一定的限制条件以及椭圆的参数方程,选取满足限制条件的三段椭圆弧进行拟合,得到一系列的备选椭圆,通过特征参数之间的关系以及目标椭圆之间的联系,筛选出所需要的能够识别充电口的椭圆。在基于Intel-Core的i7-6700HQ处理器以及Nvidia GTX 960M的显卡的计算机设备上,通过VS2017的实验平台在多个角度进行多次实验,均能得到充电口的目标椭圆。表明该方法能够对插接的充电口做出准确并且快速的识别,为新能源汽车的全自动充电提供很好的先决条件。     

基于OpenCV的图像椭圆特征识别与定位研究

面向平板零件上螺纹孔的识别定位需求,基于开源计算机视觉库OpenCV进行椭圆特征的识别与定位研究。采用Canny边缘检测算法提取图像边缘信息,对边缘图像通过轮廓检索得到单一的连续轮廓,并对得到的每一条连续轮廓进行椭圆拟合。研究给出一种评价轮廓与所拟合椭圆误差的计算方法,以此误差为准则实现非椭圆特征的剔除。进一步针对螺纹孔形成的相套椭圆特征,采用聚类筛选的方法得到螺纹孔对应的内环椭圆特征,从而实现了板上螺纹孔的识别与定位。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.