基于Kinect骨骼数据的静态三维手势识别

手势作为一种自然、直观的交流方式,在人机交互领域得到越来越广泛的应用。研究的手势是指手与臂形成的一种空间三维姿势,现有方法对该种手势识别的准确性不高且实时性不强。在Kinect体感摄像机获取的人体手部关节点三维坐标基础上,提出一种计算手部角度进行静态三维手势识别的新方法。该方法通过计算手部多个位置的夹角来获取手部形态特征,然后与参考的静态手势特征做匹配识别。实验表明,该方法能够判断和识别当前静态手势与参考手势是否匹配,比现有方法具有更好的识别准确性和更强的实时性。     

基于双目视觉的人手定位与手势识别系统研究

提出了一种新的人手特征点提取方法,该方法将人手的质心作为匹配点,根据双目视觉定位数学模型计算目标位置信息,同时通过图像分割获取人手轮廓,利用轮廓凸包点特征来识别不同手势.在此基础上,研究设计了一种光学人手定位与手势识别系统,该系统在实时定位空间人手三维位置的同时,能够识别出相应的手势,可将其作为虚拟手的驱动接口,实现对虚拟物体的抓取、移动和释放操作.     

融合关节旋转特征和指尖距离特征的手势识别

作为人机交互的重要方式,手势交互和识别由于其具有的高自由度而成为计算机图形学、虚拟现实与人机交互等领域的研究热点.传统直接提取手势轮廓或手部关节点位置信息的手势识别方法,其提取的特征通常难以准确表示手势之间的区别.针对手势识别中不同手势具有的高自由度以及由于手势图像分辨率低、背景杂乱、手被遮挡、手指形状尺寸不同、个体差异性导致手势特征表示不准确等问题,本文提出了一种新的融合关节旋转特征和指尖距离特征的手势特征表示与手势识别方法.首先从手势深度图中利用手部模板并将手部看成链段结构提取手部20个关节点的3D位置信息;然后利用手部关节点位置信息提取四元数关节旋转特征和指尖距离特征,该表示构成了手势特征的内在表示;最后利用一对一支持向量机对手势进行有效识别分类.本文不仅提出了一种新的手势特征表示与提取方法,该表示融合了关节旋转信息和指尖距离特征;而且从理论上证明了该特征表示能唯一地表征手势关节点的位置信息;同时提出了基于一对一SVM多分类策略进行手势分类与识别.对ASTAR静态手势深度图数据集中8类中国数字手势和21类美国字母手势数据集分别进行了实验验证,其分类识别准确率分别为99.71%和85.24%.实验结果表明,本文提出的基于关节旋转特征和指尖距离特征的融合特征能很好地表示不同手势的几何特征,能准确地表征静态手势并进行手势识别.     

基于图像的点云初始配准

针对地面激光点云的分辨率不同等问题,提出一种不借助额外装置,把二维图像与三维点云相结合的初始配准方法。把不同分辨率点云均匀滤波,根据深度值把三维点云转化为二维灰度图,利用SURF算法提取图像的特征匹配点对;根据映射关系找到三维特征匹配点,利用单位四元数法求出变换矩阵完成点云初始配准。实验结果表明,该算法对于地面激光数据的配准,无论从配准的精度上还是时间上均有很大提高。     

无需人工干预的关节点提取和三维重建

随着现在人体的运动捕获和行为理解的研究的发展,对这项研究有了越来越高的要求。相对于原来的手动提取人体关节点作为特征点来研究,如何使得提取特征点更加自动化,对以后的运动捕获和行为理解的研究意义重大。提出一种在单目视觉条件下在第一帧自动提取人体关节点位置的方法,来解决传统的以手动标定提取人体关节点的问题,并且利用光流稀疏L_K算法 对提取出的关节点进行运动跟踪,得到运动人体二维坐标信息,结合像机模型通过几何计算获得人体关节点的深度信息。     

基于立体视觉的鞋楦数字化研究

针对鞋楦图像在三维重建中的匹配问题,提出一种改进的鞋楦数字化方法。对鞋楦表面做纹理网格化处理,利用Harris与Laplace算子相结合的方法提取特征点,采用改进的去除误匹配方法进行精匹配,通过双目视觉三角测量法求出匹配点的三维坐标。使用迭代近邻点算法实现不同方向点集的坐标融合和三维拼接,对全部三维点云数据进行三角网格化和曲面拟合,完成鞋楦三维重建。实验结果表明,该方法能便捷、高效地实现鞋楦数字化重建,可满足个性化制鞋需求。     

基于Leap Motion的动态手势识别

动态手势识别作为人机交互的一个重要方向，在各个领域具有广泛的需求。相较于静态手势，动态手势的变化更为复杂，对其特征的充分提取与描述是准确识别动态手势的关键。为了解决对动态手势特征描述不充分的问题，利用高精度的Leap Motion传感器对手部三维坐标信息进行采集，提出了一种包含手指姿势和手掌位移的特征在内的、能够充分描述复杂动态手势的特征序列，并结合长短期记忆网络模型进行动态手势识别。实验结果表明，提出的方法在包含16种动态手势的数据集上的识别准确率为98.50%；与其他特征序列的对比实验表明，提出的特征序列，能更充分准确地描述动态手势特征。     

改进KNN算法对人体身份的识别

为了理解特征学习过程、减少数据存储和提高识别率,提出使用Kinect v2的面部数据和骨骼数据作为数据集和一种改进KNN算法对人体身份的识别。使用Kinect v2提取出人体脸部特征点和骨骼关节点的三维位置信息,通过提取出的特征点的坐标计算出理解性强的特征信息如眼宽、臂长等。利用一种改进的截断均值聚类方法,通过排序把奇异值分布到数据集两端,截取数据集中间特征以抑制奇异值,利用基于匹配识别准确度的改进KNN算法对人体身份进行预测。实验结果表明提出的聚类方法匹配识别准确度更高,改进的分类方法也提高了识别的准确率。     

结合手势主方向和类-Hausdorff距离的手势识别

针对目前手势识别方法受手势旋转、平移、缩放的影响,导致手势识别率偏低的问题,提出一种基于手势主方向和类-Hausdorff距离模板匹配的手势识别方法.首先把分割后的手势图像进行标准化处理,并求出标准化图像中的手势主方向;然后根据手势主方向建立二维手势直角坐标系提取空间手势特征;再利用空间手势坐标点分布特征方法对手势进行初步识别;最后利用类-Hausdorff距离模板匹配的思想识别最终的手势.实验结果表明,在光照相对稳定的条件下,该方法能够实时准确地实现手势识别,总体识别率达到95%;对发生旋转的手势识别率能超过90%.     

基于HOG特征提取和SVM的手势识别方法研究

手势识别是人机交互领域的一种重要手段,针对手势形态多样性和背景的复杂性导致识别率不高的问题,提出一种融合HOG+SVM的手势识别方法,该方法有效提高手势识别率。首先建立手势样本数据集,选择轮廓信息完整的手势图像作为模板,为了验证分割的高效性,采集6类手势的6,000张样本,提取两种局部二值模式特征和一种方向梯度直方图,对形态学处理后手势样本集提取HOG特征并进行降维处理,目的是提高手势识别速度,然后对手势轮廓和质心位置提取不同形态手势多特征信息,对两种特征进行归一化处理,精确地对手势信息进行识别,得到不同形态手势的特征,将最终的手势分类特征通过SVM进行分类识别。实验结果表明,本文提出的手势识别方法在复杂环境下识别率达到95%,具有较强的鲁棒性,满足人机交互的需求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。