贵州麻疯树资源及开发利用研究

介绍了贵州麻疯树资源,麻疯树的生物学特性,麻疯树籽油特点和麻疯树的用途,对贵州麻疯资源及开发利用提出了建议.     

麻疯树农药和医药生物活性研究进展

综述了近年来麻疯树国内外农药和医药生物活性研究方面的进展,主要包括化学成分、生物活性、防治应用概括,并对它的发展趋势和应用前景作了展望。     

四川麻疯树生物柴油研究展望

概述了国内外麻疯树生物柴油的相关研究.首先分析了麻疯树生物生态学特性、区域差异以及麻疯树生物柴油性能,指出了麻疯树生物柴油在生物柴油领域的优势,还提出了麻疯树生物柴油产业化发展途径.最后,结合四川麻疯树生物柴油研究与开发现状,分析了四川麻疯树生物柴油产业化优势.     

麻疯树生物柴油的研究进展

麻疯树作为一种具有重要经济价值和生态效益的战略资源,是目前国际上研究最多的能生产生物柴油的能源植物之一。本文概述了国内外麻疯树在选育和种植技术、麻疯树原料油提取技术和生物柴油提炼技术的研究进展。     

木质能源麻疯树产业发展对策研究

麻疯树用途广泛,尤其作为一种重要的能源植物已受到人们广泛关注,其种子含油率达 40%～60 %,是一种不可多得的环保生物汽、柴油可再生提炼树种,是最具希望的可替代石化"黑金"能源的生物"绿金"能源.作者着重阐述麻疯树植物的种类、分布和资源发展状况及存在的问题,提出木质能源麻疯树可持续利用和产业化发展的对策,为麻疯树保护、利用和发展相结合提出努力方向.     

四川利用麻疯树果制取生物柴油

麻疯树是一种可以一次种植多年收获的灌木树种，其果实小桐子含油率高达65％左右，超过油菜、大豆等常见的油料作物。在四川攀枝花市、凉山彝族自治州等地干热河谷的气候条件十分适宜麻疯树的生长，该地区现有40多万亩麻疯树，是目前国内最大的麻疯树资源区。据了解，四川省已选育出麻疯树的优良品种高油1号，并计划建设种植50万亩麻疯树的生物柴油原料基地。     

固体酸催化麻疯树油酯交换制备生物柴油

采用固体酸催化酯交换方法,研究了由麻疯树油制备脂肪酸甲酯(生物柴油)过程中催化剂类型及工艺条件对生物柴油产率和产品组成的影响. 采用沉淀法制得两种固体酸催化剂ZrO2-SO42-和K4Zn4[Fe(CN)6]3,利用XRD, FT-IR, BET和元素分析仪表征了固体酸结构和性质. 以麻疯树油为原料油,分别比较了原料油的酸值及反应温度对2种催化剂的影响,利用气相色谱-质谱联用分析仪分析了产物的组成. 结果表明,ZrO2-SO42-和K4Zn4[Fe(CN)6]3催化高酸值麻疯树油时,ZrO2-SO42-容易失活,甲酯收率降为84%;以Fe-Zn为催化剂,甲酯收率达到93%,使用5次后甲酯收率仍达90%.     

麻疯树籽油生产生物柴油产业化

麻疯树籽油是具有潜力的生产生物柴油原料。介绍以麻疯树籽油为原料生产生物柴油的技术及所得生物柴油产品性质,分析麻疯树籽油组成对生产工艺选择的影响及与性质的关系,指出综合开发利用麻疯树资源可有效提高以麻疯树籽油为原料生产生物柴油的竞争力,与石化柴油或其它生物柴油混配使用可平衡性质优劣,现有的两步法转化工艺和高温转化工艺可以很好地解决麻疯树籽油生产生物柴油的工艺问题。     

麻疯树饼粕提取液在盐酸溶液中对铝的缓蚀作用

采用失重法就麻疯树饼粕提取液（JSME）在盐酸溶液中对铝的缓蚀作用进行了研究。结果表明,粒度大于60目的麻疯树饼粕,用1％～5％盐酸在液固比为8：1（mL：g）、提取温度为60～80℃、提取时间为2～4h的条件下提取得到的麻疯树饼粕提取液在盐酸溶液中对铝具有较好的缓蚀效果,与鸟洛托品或苯并三氮唑缓蚀荆复配后,对铝的缓蚀效果明显提高,具有良好的协同效应。     

麻疯树饼粕提取液对盐酸介质中碳钢的缓蚀作用研究

文章对麻疯树饼粕提取液(JSME)对碳钢在盐酸介质中的缓蚀作用进行了研究。失重法实验证明麻疯树饼粕提取液对碳钢具有较好的缓蚀效果,与乌洛托品和苯并三氮唑等缓蚀剂进行复配,能明显提高其缓蚀率,具有良好的协同效应。     

油田化学品的环境影响研究

本文综述了采油用化学添加剂的环境影响方面的研究成果和发展趋势。根据油田化学品的使用、分类及相关标准,对油田化学品的性质、降解性、环境以及生态毒性影响进行了分析和研究,提出了其环境安全问题和今后研究方向,为以后对于油田化学品的研究与应用提供了充分的参考和依据。     

鱼藤酮的应用现状及存在问题

鱼藤酮是一种天然的植物质杀虫剂和杀螨剂,主要从热带和亚热带的鱼藤属（Derris）、尖荚豆属（Lonchocarpus）和灰叶属（Tephrosia）植物中提取,其杀虫谱广,害虫不易产生抗药性,为无公害农产品生产推荐使用品种,具有广阔的应用前景。该文简要介绍了鱼藤酮的产品及应用范围、鱼藤酮的应用开发现状以及应用过程中出现的问题和解决方法,并对今后进一步开发应用鱼藤酮提出建议。     

Design aspects of sonochemical reactors: Techniques for understanding cavitational activity distribution and effect of operating parameters

Cavitation is a phenomenon having enormous potential for intensification of physical and chemical processing applications such as chemical synthesis, industrial wastewater treatment, cell disruption for release of intracellular enzymes, crystallization, extraction and leaching. However, the dynamic behavior of cavitational activity, especially in sonochemical reactors based on the use of ultrasonic irradiations, creates problems in proposing reliable design and operating strategies. The present work presents an overview of different techniques to understand the cavitational activity distribution in the reactor, highlighting the basic aspects, its applicability and relative merits/demerits. A detailed analysis of the literature has also been made with an aim of explaining the dependency of the cavitational activity on the design of sonochemical reactors and also the operating parameters. Recommendations for optimum operating parameters and design of reactor based on the experimental as well as theoretical analysis have been reported. Some trends in the future reactor designs useful in large scale applications have also been discussed.     

二甲双胍对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性影响的研究

利用试剂盒法探究不同浓度二甲双胍对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响。以人的血清作为酶源,氯化乙酰硫代胆碱为底物,建立体外筛选模型,计算酶的相对活性(B/B0%)和绘制Lineweaver-Burk (L-B)双倒数图。在浓度为0.003～0.122μmol/mL的盐酸二甲双胍作用下,测得酶的相对活性(B/B0%)在100%以上,随着二甲双胍浓度的增大,酶活力均逐渐增加。在盐酸二甲双胍良好的浓度线性范围内(0.003～0.122μmol/mL)对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性呈现激活作用,其激活机理表现为混合性效应。本项目的研究可以为今后采用二甲双胍治疗与乙酰胆碱酯酶活性相关疾病方面的研究提供理论依据。     

分散型浆态床渣油加氢双金属催化剂研究进展

浆态床渣油加氢技术的核心和关键是采用了高分散性催化剂,其具有定向催化加氢活性和抑制结焦能力,保证了渣油中沥青质的高效轻质化,维持装置长周期稳定运行。而在分散型催化剂中添加助金属,不仅可以有效降低催化剂的成本,还可以显著提高催化剂的加氢活性。本文全面综述了浆态床渣油加氢裂化技术中分散型双金属催化剂的研究进展,包括钴-钼、镍-钼、铁-镍等双金属催化剂,重点介绍了双金属催化剂的活性和活性相结构,同时分析总结了不同双金属催化剂的优缺点。通过探索双金属催化中金属之间的协同作用,深入认识催化剂活性相结构,展望分散型双金属催化剂的未来发展,对渣油高效转化催化剂的开发具有重要意义。     

Antiviral Activity of N1,N3-Disubstituted Uracil Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Despite the widespread use of the COVID-19 vaccines, the search for effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is still relevant. Genetic variability leads to the continued circulation of new variants of concern (VOC). There is a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antibody-based therapy, which raises concerns about the development of new antiviral drugs with a high spectrum of activity against VOCs. We synthesized new analogs of uracil derivatives where uracil was substituted at the N₁ and N₃ positions. Antiviral activity was studied in Vero E6 cells against VOC, including currently widely circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. All synthesized compounds of the panel showed a wide antiviral effect. In addition, we determined that these compounds inhibit the activity of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Our study suggests that these non-nucleoside uracil-based analogs may be of future use as a treatment for patients infected with circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.     

Strategies for enhancing peroxymonosulfate activation by heterogenous metal-based catalysis: A review

Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are promising technologies for organic pollutants elimination. Heterogeneous metal-based catalysis has been widely studied and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for producing sulfate radicals. Developing highly efficient catalysts is crucial for future extensive use. Importantly, the catalytic activity is mainly determined by mass and electron transfer. This paper aims to overview the recent enhancement strategies for developing heterogeneous metal-based catalysts as effective PMS activators. The main strategies, including surface engineering, structural engineering, electronic modulation, external energy assistance, and membrane filtration enhancement, are summarized. The potential mechanisms for improving catalytic activity are also introduced. Finally, the challenges and future research prospects of heterogenous metal-based catalysis in SR-AOPs are proposed. This work is hoped to guide the rational design of highly efficient heterogenous catalysts in SR-AOPs.     

Development of a new low-temperature methanol synthesis process

A new reaction route of methanol synthesis at low temperature from CO₂-containing syngas with Cu/ZnO catalyst and the aid of alcohols has been developed in a batch and a flow-type semi-batch reactors. The use of alcohols as catalytic solvents realized methanol synthesis at 443 K with formate as an intermediate. The activity of methanol synthesis depends on types and structures of alcohols. Among all alcohols, 2-alcohol exhibited the highest activity. With the aid of 2-butanol, the one-pass 47.0% conversion and 98.9% selectivity were achieved at a mild condition, 443 K and 50 bar. The new reaction route of methanol synthesis is a practical method for near future technology.     

Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Pt clusters on State-of-the-Art Supports: A Review

Instability of supported Pt clusters due to limited bonding with conventional carbon supports and carbon dissolution leads to significant cathode performance losses with time, impeding the development of commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cells. One approach that has recently been gaining momentum is the use of the electrocatalyst support to enhance both the stability and activity of Pt clusters for the oxygen reduction reaction. This review article focuses on four support types: advanced carbons, conductive ceramics, metallic underlayers for Pt monolayer catalysts, and the 3M crystalline organic whiskers. Advantages and disadvantages of each support are summarized and promising future directions for research in this area are discussed.